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Applied AI vs. Theoretical AI

Chapter · February 2025

DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-4074-5.ch002

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 Chapter 2
Applied AI vs.
Theoretical AI

Dr. Muhammad
Usman Tariq
Abu Dhabi
University
https://doi.org/10.4018
/979-8-3693-4074-
5.ch002

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful force in today's society, economy,
and industry. In this chapter, the authors set out to investigate the dynamic interac-
tion between two essential components of artificial intelligence: theoretical AI and
applied AI. The chapter begins with an introduction to the fundamental ideas behind
artificial intelligence (AI), tracing its roots back to Alan Turing's ground-breaking
work and the continuing impact of the Turing Test. It clarifies the various definitions
and objectives of AI, separating systems that imitate human knowledge and thought
from those more concerned with imitating human behaviour. The investigation of
Applied AI, an area of AI that focuses on real-world problem solving, is a key theme
of this chapter. In this study, the authors clarify the essential rules governing the
application of AI concepts and technology to actual business problems. This chapter
emphasises the crucial abilities and knowledge needed to succeed in this discipline.
In essence, applied AI converts theoretical knowledge into useful solutions.

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INTRODUCTION

Artificial intelligence (AI), a fast-developing field, aims to create intelligent

computers with cognitive capacities similar to those of humans. It includes a variety
of methods, strategies, and algorithms that allow computers to carry out operations
such as speech recognition, problem solving, and learning that otherwise require
human intellect. The work of British mathematician and computer scientist Alan
Turing is responsible for one of the turning points in the development of artificial
intelligence. 1950 In his seminal work “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”,
Turing laid the groundwork for the development of artificial intelligence. Turing
explored the potential of machines to exhibit intelligent behaviour and introduced
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-4074-5.ch002

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detection using big data analytics and deep neural network. IEEE Transactions
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optimized IoT-enabled big data analytics architecture for edge–cloud computing. IEEE
Internet of Things Journal, 10(5), 3995–4005. DOI:10.1109/JIOT.2022.3157552
PMID:38046398
Babar, M., Tariq, M. U., & Jan, M. A. (2020). Secure and resilient demand side
management engine using machine learning for IoT-enabled smart grid. Sustain-
able Cities and Society, 62, 102370. Advance online publication. DOI:10.1016/j.
scs.2020.102370

KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Applied AI: The practical use of AI technologies and algorithms to solve real-
world problems and perform specific tasks, such as speech recognition and image
analysis.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): A theoretical form of AI that possesses
the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a broad range of tasks
at a human-like level.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The field of computer science dedicated to creating
machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence,
such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Artificial Superintelligence (ASI): A hypothetical AI that surpasses human
intelligence across all domains, including creativity, problem-solving, and emotional
intelligence.
Autonomous Vehicles: Vehicles equipped with AI systems that can operate and
navigate without human intervention, using sensors and algorithms to interpret data
from the environment.
Deep Learning: A subset of machine learning involving neural networks with
multiple layers (deep networks) that can automatically extract features and learn
from large datasets.
Narrow AI (Weak AI): AI systems designed to perform specific tasks or func-
tions, often without general intelligence or awareness, such as virtual assistants and
recommendation systems.
Reinforcement Learning: A type of machine learning where an agent learns
to make decisions by receiving rewards or penalties based on its actions within an
environment.
Strong AI: A term for AI systems with general intelligence comparable to hu-
man cognition, theoretically capable of understanding and reasoning across various
domains.

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 Theoretical AI: The study of the foundational concepts and principles behind
AI algorithms and models, focusing on mathematical and computational theories.
Turing Test: A test proposed by Alan Turing to determine if a machine's be-
haviour is indistinguishable from that of a human, thus indicating the machine
exhibits intelligent behaviour.

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