Class 11 - Physics Section A 1. (b) 19.6 Explanation: Ball is under free fall, acceleration will be due to gravity. Thus ,Initial velocity u is= 0 Time = 2.0 seconds Acceleration due to gravity, g is= 9.8 ms-2 We know that, S = ut + g t = 0×t + × (9.8) × (2.0) 1
2 2 1
2 2
hence, S= 19.6 m
2. (c) 35.0 Explanation: As start from rest,
ad So Initial velocity u = 0 m/s Final velocity v = 20 m/s Acceleration a = 2 m/s2 Ac Let Time during this period = t1 We know, v-u = at ow
So, 20 − 0 = 2t1 20 t1 = 2 = 10 s Now travel with a constant speed of 20 m/s for time t2 = 20 s Kn
Time is taken to stop t3 = 5s
Total time of motion t = 10 + 20 + 5 = 35 s
3. (d) -9 m/s Explanation: s = t3 - 6t2 + 3t + 4 v= ds
dt = 3t2 - 12t + 3 a = 6t - 12 = 0 or t = 2 s At t = 2s, v = 3 × 22 - 12 × 2 + 3 = -9 m/s
4. (a) tan-1(4) Explanation: Horizontal range = Max. height 2 2 2 u sin 2θ u sin θ = g 2g
or 2 sin θ cos θ = sin
2 θ or tan θ = 4 −1 ∴ θ = tan (4)
1/5 KnowAcad eDUCATION 5. (a) 0, 10 m/s Explanation: Displacement 0 Average velocity = = =0 Time t
Distance Average speed = = 2πr
time t
= 2×3.14×100
62.8 = 10 ms-1 6. (c) react against the rocket and push it up Explanation: Hot gases with high velocity react against the rocket and push it up.
7. (d) (a - g) Explanation: Acceleration a acts upward while g acts downwards ∴ Effective acceleration = a - g
8. (d) 294 J Explanation: W = fd cos θ = μ mgd cos 60° = 0.5 × 60 × 9.8 × 2 × J = 294 J 1
2 ad Ac 9. (c) only on the end points Explanation: ow
A force is said to be conservative if work done by this force is independent of path and is dependent only on end points.
Section B Kn
10.
The velocity-time graph for uniformly accelerated motion has been shown in the figure with the initial velocity at t = 0 as u and final velocity at time t as v. Then magnitude of the total displacement in the given time is equal to the area under the v-t graph . Hence, displacement of moving a particle in time t is given by: s = area of trapezium OABC = (OA + C B) × OC 1
= 1
2 (u + v) × t ..............................................................................(i) However, from the definition of acceleration, we know that v−u v−u a= or t = t a
Substituting this value of time t in equation (i), we get Displacement
2 2 (v−u) (v − u )
s= 1
2 (u + v) × a = 2a
⇒ 2as = v2 - u2 or v2 = u2 + 2as
2/5 KnowAcad eDUCATION 11. Figure shows the velocity-time graph for the motion of the motor car.
Distance covered by the motor car,
Area of △AOD + Area of rect. ADEB + Area of △BEC = 464 m 1
2 × 8 × 8 + 8 × t + 32 = 464 or t = 50s Suppose the motor car retards for time t ′
Area of △BEC = 1
2 × 8 × t = 32 ′
or t = 8s ′
∴ Total time taken = 8 + t + t = 8 + 50 + 8 = 66s ′
= 1 ms-2 8 Acceleration = Slope of OA = AD
OD = 8
Retardation = Slope of BC = BE
EC = 8
8 = 1 ms-2 12. Let us consider a ball projected at an angle θ with respect to horizontal x-axis with the initial velocity u. The point O is called the point of projection, θ is the angle of projection and OB = horizontal range. The total time taken by the particle from reaching O to B is called the time of flight. Now, i. The total time of flight is Resultant displacement is zero in Vertical direction. Therefore, by using equation of motion S = ut − g t 1 2 ad Ac 2
gt = 2 sin θ 2 sin θ t= g
ii. The horizontal range is
ow
Horizontal range OA = horizontal component of velocity × total flight time
R = u cos θ × 2u sin θ
R= u sin 2θ
g Kn
iii. The maximum height is
It is the highest point of the trajectory point A. When the ball is at point A, the vertical component of the velocity will be zero. By using equation of motion v2 = u2 - 2as 0 = u2sin2θ - 2gH 2 2
H= u sin θ
2 g
Hence, this is the required solution.
13. Newton’s First Law of Motion also known as Law of Inertia states that every object persists to stay in uniform motion in a straight line or in the state of rest unless an external force acts upon it. In a simpler form, the first law of motion may also be stated as "If the net external force on a body is zero, its acceleration is zero. Acceleration can be non-zero only if there is a net external force on the body".
3/5 KnowAcad eDUCATION Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration, i.e. F = ma Δp ⃗ Δp ⃗ Thus, F ⃗ ∝ or F ⃗ = k , where k is a constant of proportionality, Δp is the change in momentum and p = mv. Δt Δt
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: It states that "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction".
According to the first law of motion, in the absence of an external force, a body will maintain its position of rest or state of uniform motion along a straight line. Thus, to change the position of rest or uniform motion of a body, we shall have to apply an external force. If the external force is large enough, it may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. However, if the magnitude of the force is small then it may not be able to change that state. Hence, “force is that external cause (push or pull) which changes or tries to change the state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line of a given body". Also, we know that, F = ma where F is the vector sum of all forces acting on the body, m is the mass of body and equation can be regarded as a statement of Newton's 2nd law of motion. This relation can be used to have the measure of a force. 14. Initial kinetic energy, 2
mv2 = 2 2 p K= 1
2 1
2 m v
m = 2m −−−− ∴ Initial momentum, p = √2mK Increase in kinetic energy = 300% of K =3 K
d Final kinetic energy, K = K + 3K = 4K ′ ca Final momentum, −−−−− −−−−−−−− −−−− ′ ′ p = √2mK = √2m × 4K = 2√2mK = 2p % Increase in momentum A −p p 2p−p = p × 100 = p × 100 = 100%. 15. In the inelastic collision, the objects stick to each other or move in the same direction. The total kinetic energy in this form of ow
collision is not conserved but the total momentum and energy are conserved. i. Let us suppose a particle of mass m moving with an initial velocity u collides inelastically with another particle of mass M initially at rest. Let after collision, the combined entity moves with a velocity v. Then, from the conservation of linear Kn
momentum, we can write
mu mu+0=(m+M)v⇒v= m+M
which is the required expression for the velocity of the combined entity after collision. ii. Initial kinetic energy of system before the collision is given by 1 2 K = mu 2
and final kinetic energy of system after collision
2 2 2 ′ 1 2 1 mu 1 m u K = (m + M )v = (m + M ) ⋅ ( ) = 2 2 m+M 2 (m+M)
Therefore, loss in kinetic energy during collision is given by
2 2 ′ 1 2 1 m u ΔK = K − K = mu − 2 2 (m+M)
1 2 m 1 2 M = mu [1 − ] = mu ⋅ ( ) 2 M+m 2 M+m
and fractional loss in kinetic energy during collision is given by
ΔK M = K M+m
16. A variable force is a force whose magnitude or direction or both vary during the displacement of a body on which it acts or a force whose direction or magnitude or both change with time. The graphical representation is given as:
4/5 KnowAcad eDUCATION Consider a small displacement element Δs under force F, which is represented by a strip KLMN. As the displacement Δs is extremely small, hence force F for entire strip KLMN may be taken as constant. Therefore, Work done during elementary expansion will be equal to ΔW = F Δx = area of strip KLMN ....................................(A) Total work done by the variable force can be calculated by dividing the whole path into such elementary parts and in each case the work done will be equal to area of small shaded strips like KLMN. Therefore, total work done for a given displacement is given by: W = ∑ ΔW = ∑ area of various strips = total area under F-s graph .......................................(B) Thus, the work done by a variable force is given by the area under F-s curve. 17. The rate of change of tangential velocity is called as the centripetal acceleration. 18. a. This is known as the limiting friction. The horse needs to draw the cart harder during the first few steps of his motion because he has to fight against the limiting friction, but after the motion begins, he has to work against the dynamic friction, which is less than the limiting friction. b. According to the law of inertia, a particle tends to stay at rest or in uniform motion unless pushed upon by an external force. When you hit the blanket, it moves, but the dust particles remain at their original position and the dust is eventually separated
d as under the action of gravity, it falls down on the ground. ca c. The ball struck by the bat is deflected back such that total angle is 45o A ow
Now, initial momentum of ball = mu cosθ
Kn
0.15×54×1000×cos 22.5 = 3600
= 0.15 × 15 × 0.9239 along NO
Final momentum of ball = mucosθ along NO Impulse = change in momentum = mu cosθ - (-mu cosθ) = 2mu cosθ = 2 × 0.15 × 15 × 0.9239 Impulse & = 4.16 kg ms-1
