KEY FEATURES

Reflection of Light
Reflection. When light travelling in a medium strikes a reflecting surface, it goes back into the same
medium obeying certain
laws. This phenomenon is known as reflection of light.
Laws of reflection. 1. The incident ray, the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence
and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
2. The angle of incidence (i) is always equal to the angle of reflection (r).
Spherical mirror. The portion of a reflecting surface, which forms part of a sphere, is called a
spherical mirror.
Concave spherical mirror. A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is towards the centre of the
sphere, of which the mirror forms a part is called concave spherical mirror.
Convex spherical mirror. A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is away from the centre of
the sphere of which the mirror forms a part is called convex spherical mirror.
Relation between f and R: f =R/2
According to new cartesian sign conventions, both f and R, are taken as negative for a concave mirror
and positive for a convex mirror.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Mirror formula + =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟
where u and v denote the object and image distances from the pole of the mirror.
According to new cartesian sign conventions, the distances of the real objects and real images (both
lie in front of the mirror) are taken as negative, while those of virtual objects and virtual images (both
lie behind the mirror) are taken as positive.
Linear magnification. The ratio of the size of the image (formed by the mirror) to the size of the
object is called linear magnification produced by the mirror.
𝑰 𝒗 𝒇 𝒇−𝒗
Mathematically- m = = − = =
𝑶 𝒖 𝒇−𝒖 𝒇
According to new cartesian sign conventions, when the image formed is real (inverted), the
magnification produced by the mirror is negative and when the image formed is virtual (erect), the
magnification produced by the mirror is positive.
Spherical aberration. The inability of a spherical mirror of large aperture to bring all the rays in a
wide beam of light falling on it to focus at a single point is called spherical aberration.

2. Refraction of Light
Refraction. The phenomenon of change in the path of light as it goes from one medium to another is
called refraction.
Laws of refraction.
KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 95
1. The incident ray, the normal to the refracting surface at the point of incidence and the refracted ray
all lie in the same plane.
2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for
any two- given media. It is called Snell's law.
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊
Mathematically- = 𝝁𝒂𝒃
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓

Absolute retractive index (𝝁). 1 he absolute refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of
the velocity of light in vacuum (c) to the velocity of light in that medium (v).

Real and apparent depth. When an object is placed in an optically denser medium, the apparent
depth of the
object is always less than its real depth.
𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉
Mathematically-: 1. = 𝝁𝒂𝒃
𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉

𝟏
2. Normal shift d= t (𝟏 − )
𝝁𝒂
𝒃

Total internal reflection. The phenomenon of reflection of light that takes place when a ray of light
travelling in a denser medium gets incident at the interface of the two media at an angle greater than
the critical angle for that pair of media.
𝟏
Mathematically 𝝁𝒂𝒃 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑪

𝝁𝒂𝒃 is refractive index of the denser medium £ w.r.t. the rarer medium a and C is the critical angle.
Spherical refracting surface. The portion of a refracting medium, whose curved surface forms the
part of a sphere, is called spherical refracting surface.
When object is situated in the rarer medium, the relation is as follows
𝝁𝟏 𝝅𝟐 𝝁𝟐 −𝝁𝟏
- + =
𝒖 𝒗 𝑹
When the object is situated in denser medium, the relation is as follows
𝝁𝟐 𝝁𝟏 𝝁𝟏 −𝝁𝟐
- + =
𝒖 𝒗 𝑹
𝝁𝟐 −𝝁𝟏
Power of spherical refracting surface: P= 𝑹
Here, R is measured in metre.
Lens maker's formula. The relation connecting the focal length of the lens with the radii of
curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of the material of the lens is called lens maker's
formula.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Mathematically- = (𝝁 − 𝟏) (𝑹 − )
𝒇 𝟏 𝑹𝟐

The focal length of a convex lens is taken as positive, while that of concave lens is taken as
negative.
Lens formula/equation. The relation between the focal length, the object and image distances is
called lens equation.

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 96

 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Mathematically- − =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟
Linear magnification. The ratio of the size of the image (formed by the lens) to the size of the object
is called linear magnification produced by the lens.
𝑰 𝒗 𝒇 𝒇−𝒗
Mathematically- m = = −𝒖 = =
𝑶 𝒇+ 𝒖 𝒇

Power of a lens. It is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens in metre.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Mathematically P = 𝒇 = (𝝁 − 𝟏) (𝑹 − )
𝟏 𝑹𝟐

Two thin lenses placed in contact. When two lenses of focal lengths 𝑓1 and 𝑓2 are placed in contact,
the focal
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
length of the combination is given by = +
𝐟 𝐟𝟏 𝐟𝟐

Power of the equivalent lens: P =P1 +P2

Magnification produced by equivalent lens: m = 𝒎𝟏 𝒙 𝒎𝟐
Spherical aberration. The inability of a lens of large aperture to bring all the rays in a wide beam of
light falling on it to focus at a single point is called spherical aberration.
DISPERSION OF LIGHT
Refraction through a prism. A prism is the portion of a transparent refracting medium bound by two
plane surfaces meeting each other along a straight edge.
When a ray of light is incident on one face of a prism having angle of prism equal to A at an angle of
incidence i, it suffers successive refractions at the two surfaces (angles of refraction at the two
surfaces are r, and ry respectively) and then emerges out of it making an angle of emergence equal to
e. Due to refraction at the two surfaces, the incident ray deviates from its
path through an angle 6, called angle of deviation.
Mathematically-
1. A = 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐
2. A + δ = I + e
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨+ 𝜹𝒎
)
𝟐
3. 𝝁 = 𝑨 (when the prism is placed in minimum deviation
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐

position)
4, 𝜹 =A (𝝁 -1) (when angle of prism is small)
Dispersion. The phenomenon of splitting up of white light into its constituent colours is called
dispersion.
Spectrum. The band of seven colours obtained on the screen is called spectrum.
Pure spectrum. A spectrum, in which the constituent colours have sharp boundaries and are distinctly
visible, is called the pure spectrum.
Chromatic aberration. The inability of a lens to bring the light of different colours to focus at a
single point is called chromatic aberration.

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 97

Rayleigh’s law of scattering. It states that the intensity of the light of
wavelength A in the scattered light varies inversely as the fourth
𝟏
power of its wavelength. I = 𝝀𝟒
Simple microscope. A convex lens of small focal length is called a
simple microscope or a magnifying glass. The magnifying power of a
microscope is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended by the
image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object seen
directly, when both lie at the least distance of distinct vision.
𝑫
M=1+𝒇

Compound microscope. A compound microscope is a two-

lens system (object lens and eye lens of focal lengths f, and f,).
Its magnifying power is very large, as compared to the simple microscope.
𝒗𝒐 𝑫 𝑳 𝑫
Mathematically- M = (𝟏 + ) = - 𝒇𝒐 (𝟏 + )
𝒖𝒐 𝒇𝒆 𝒐 𝒇𝒆

Astronomical telescope. It is a two-lens system and is used to observe distant heavenly objects. It is
called refracting type astronomical telescope.
Normal adjustment. When the final image is formed at
infinity, the telescope is said to be in normal adjustment.
𝒇𝒐
M=- 𝒇𝒆

When the final image is formed at the least distance of

distinct vision, magnifying power of the telescope,
𝒇 𝒇𝒆
M = - 𝒇𝒐 (𝟏 + )
𝒆 𝑫

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 98

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Q. 1 How can you distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and convex mirror just by
looking at them?
Or
Is it possible to find whether a mirror is plane, concave or convex, from the nature of the image of an
object formed by the mirrors?
Or
How can one ascertain without touching, whether a given mirror is plane, concave or convex?
Ans. Yes, it is possible to distinguish between the three types of the mirrors from the nature of the
image of
an object formed by them as explained ahead Hold the mirrors one by one close to the face. If the
image of the face is virtual (erect) and diminished, the mirror is convex; if the image is virtual and
magnified, the mirror is concave and if the image is virtual and of the same size, the mirror is a plane
one.
Q. 2 Why convex mirror 1S used as drivers mirror? What is its drawback?
Or
Why convex mirror is used as driver's mirror? Is it a perfect driver's mirror?
Or
Why convex mirror is used as a rear-view mirror?
Ans. The convex mirror is used as a driver's mirror as it gives a wide field of view of the traffic.
However, it does not give the correct idea of the speed of the vehicles coming behind. As the convex
mirror gives an erroneous idea of the traffic, it is not a perfect driver's mirror.
Q.3 Why are mirrors used in search lights parabolic and not concave spherical?
Ans. A search light is used to provide an intense parallel beam of light. If a concave mirror of large
aperture is used for this purpose by placing a light source at its focus, then it does not reflect all the
rays falling on it in the form of a parallel beam due to spherical aberration. A concave mirror can
reflect only those rays in the form of a parallel beam, which travel near its principal axis. However, a
parabolic mirror is free from spherical aberration and it is made use of in search lights.
Q. 4. A concave mirror of small aperture forms a sharper image. Why?
Ans. The rays of light travelling parallel to the principal axis after reflection from a concave mirror
meet at a single point only, if the beam of light is narrow or if the mirror is of small aperture. In case,
a wide beam of light falls on a concave mirror of large aperture, the rays after reflection from the
mirror do not come to focus at a single point. Therefore, it follows that if the aperture of the concave
mirror is small, the image formed will be sharper.
Q.5 The image of an object formed by a lens on the screen is not in sharp focus. Suggest a method to get

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 99

a clear focussing of the image on the screen without disturbing the position of the object, the lens or
the screen.
Ans. The focal length of a lens depends upon the refractive index of the material of the lens, which in
turn depends upon the wavelength of light. Therefore, clear image of the object can be obtained by
using light of suitable wavelength.
Q. 6 When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another, its wavelength changes, but
frequency remains the same. Explain.
Ans. When monochromatic light travels from one medium lo another, its speed changes. The change
in speed occurs due to change in wavelength. The frequency of light remains the same, as it is an
inherent characteristic.
Q.7 A convex lens is placed in contact with a plane mirror. A point object at a distance of 20 cm on
the axis of this combination has its image coinciding with itself. What is the focal length of the lens?
Ans. We know that the rays of light from a point on the focus of the convex lens are rendered into a
beam of light parallel to its principal axis. These parallel rays of light, after normal incidence on the
plane mirror, will retrace their path and will again converge at the focus of the lens. Thus, image will
coincide with the object, if the object is situated at the focus of the lens.
Here, the object has been placed at a distance of 20cm from the convex lens-plane mirror
combination and the image is coinciding with the object. Therefore, focal length of the lens, f=20cm
Q. 8 Why is the lens maker's formula called so?
Or
What is lens maker’s formula?
Ans. The values of the radii of curvature of the two spherical surfaces, which a lens of required focal
length should have, can be calculated from the lens maker’s formula. Then, by grinding the two
surfaces of a piece of glass, its two surfaces can be given the radii of curvature of the calculated
values. Then, the lens so produced will possess the required focal length. For this reason, it is called
lens maker’s formula.
Q. 9 Can a convergent lens in one medium behave as a divergent lens in some other medium?
Ans. Yes. A convex lens made of glass behaves as a convergent lens when placed in air or water.
However, when the same lens is immersed in carbon disulphide (µ = 1.63), it behaves as a divergent
lens. In other words, when a convergent lens is placed inside a transparent medium of refractive index
greater than that of the material of the lens, it behaves as a divergent lens.
Q. 10 A concave mirror and a convex lens are held in water. What change, if any, do you expect in
their respective focal lengths as compared to their values in air?
Ans. The focal length of a concave mirror has nothing to do with the medium in which it is placed.
Hence, it will remain unchanged. However, the focal length of a convex lens would change, when
held in water. It increases due to the fact that the relative refractive index of the material of lens w.r.t.
water is less than its refractive index w.r.t. air.

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 100

 Q.11 A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1:25 is immersed in water of
refractive index 1°33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
Ans. When a convex lens is placed inside a liquid of refractive index greater than that of the material
of the lens, it behaves like a diverging lens.
Q.12 A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water of
refractive index 1°33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
Ans. When a convex lens is placed inside a liquid of refractive index less than that of the material of
the lens, it still behaves as a converging lens.
Q. 13 A biconcave lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is immersed in water
of refractive index 1°33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
Ans. When a biconcave lens is placed inside a liquid of refractive index greater than that of the
material of the lens, it behaves like a converging lens.
Q. 14 What type of lens is an air bubble inside water?
Ans. An air bubble inside water may be
treated as a convex lens made of air and
placed in water. As such, it behaves as
a diverging lens.
Q.15 A right angled isosceles glass
prism is made from glass of refractive index 1.5. Show that a ray of
light incident normally on (i) one of the equal sides of this prism is deviated through 90° (ii) the
hypotenuse of this prism is deviated through 180°.
Ans-

Q.16 How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident violet light is
replaced by red light?
Ans. The refractive index of glass for red light is less than that for violet light. It follows that the
angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism will decrease, if the incident violet light is replaced by
red light.
Q.17 What is meant by dispersion of light?
Ans. The splitting of white light into its constituent colours on passing through a prism is called
dispersion of light.
Q. 18 (a) Name the factors on which the deviation produced in the path of a ray of light by a prism
depends.
(b) What are the features, when a prism is placed in minimum deviation position.
Ans.(a) It depends on angle of prism, material of prism and the angle of incidence.
(b) (i) The prism lies symmetrically w.r.t. incident ray and the emergent ray i.e. the angle of incidence
is equal to the angle of emergence. Asa result, the angle of refraction at the first face is equal to that at
the second face.

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 101

(ii) The refracted ray passes parallel to the base of prism.
Q.19 Explain, why white light is dispersed when passing through a prism.
Ans. The velocity of light in a material medium depends upon its colour (wavelength) i.e. the
refractive index of a material is different for different colours. If
we incident a ray of white light on a prism; on emerging, the
different colours are deviated through different angles. Due to
this, white light splits into its constituent colours and the
phenomenon is called dispersion.

Q. 20 Astronomers prefer to use telescopes with large objective

diameters lo observe astronomical
objects.
Ans. When the objective of a telescope has large diameter, both its resolving power and light
gathering power are large. As such, it helps to resolve two nearby stars and enables the astronomers
to see even the faint stars.
Q. 21 Write two merits of a reflecting type telescope over refracting type telescope.
Ans. 1. As the objective is a spherical mirror, the reflecting type telescope is free from chromatic
aberration.
2. The defect of spherical aberration is reduced by using parabolic mirror as objective.
Q. 22 Which two main considerations are kept in mind while designing the objective of an
astronomical telescope?
Ans. While designing the objective of an astronomical telescope, following are the two main
considerations -
1. It should have large aperture.
2. Its focal Length should be large.

Q. 23 A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm is placed 50 cm from a wall. How far from the wall
an object be placed to form its real image on the wall?
Ans-. Fig. shows a concave mirror placed at a distance of 50 cm from the wall. Suppose that the
object AB is placed at a distance x from the wall, to form its image A’ B’ on the wall.
Since the image is formed on the same side of the
object,
v = -50cm
Also, f=-20cm (concave mirror)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
From the mirror formula, we have + =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= - = −𝟐𝟎 - = − 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐮 𝐟 𝐯 −𝟓𝟎

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 102

 or u = —33-3cm
Therefore, the distance of the object from the wall,
x = 50—|𝑢| =50—||−33.3|
= 16.7 cm
Q.24 An object is placed at a distance of 36cm from a convex mirror. A plane mirror is placed in
between, so that the two virtual images so formed coincide. If the plane mirror is at a distance of 24 cm
from the object, find the radius of curvature of the convex mirror.
Ans- Fig. shows an object AB placed at a distance
PA = 36 cm from the convex mirror. The distance of the
plane mirror from the object is MA = 24 cm. The image A'B’ of the object in the plane mirror will be
formed at a
distance of 24 cm behind it i.e. MA’ = 24 cm.
Since the image formed in the plane mirror coincides with that formed by the convex mirror,
v = PA'=(MA+MA‘)—-PA
= 2MA - PA
= 2x24-36=12cm
Also, u=—-36cm
2 1 1 1 1 1
Now = + = + = or R = 36 cm
𝑅 𝑢 𝑣 −36 12 18

Q.25 An object is placed in front of a concave mirror of

radius of curvature 40 cm at a distance
of 10 cm. Find the position, nature and magnification of
the image.
Ans- Here, u =-10cm; R=-40cm (concave mirror)
∴ f=R/2=-40 /2= -20cm
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
From the mirror formula, we have 𝐯 + =
𝐮 𝐟
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= − = −𝟐𝟎 − = or v= +20
𝐯 𝐟 𝐮 −𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎
As v is positive, a virtual and erect image will be formed on the other side of the object i.e. behind the
mirror.
𝒗 +𝟐𝟎
m=- = - =2
𝐮 −𝟏𝟎
Q.26 A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 m. The apparent depth of the needle lying at the bottom
of the tank as measured by a microscope is 9.4 cm. What is the refractive index of water? If water is
replaced by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 up-to the same height, by what distance would the microscope
be moved to focus on the needle again?
Ans.
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡
Refractive index, (µ) = 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡
Given H = 12.5 cm, h = 9.4 cm
12.5
∴ Refractive index of water 𝜇𝑤 = 9.4 = 1.33
Refractive index of liquid, 𝜇𝑙 = 1.63

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 103

 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 12.5
∴ Apparent height with liquid in tank,.h = = = 7.7 cm
𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒙 1.63
∴ Displacement of microscope, x = 9.4 – 7.7 = 1.7 cm

Q.27 A double convex lens is made of a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of the same radius of
curvature. Find the radius of curvature required, if the focal length is 20 cm.
Ans. Given, f = 20 cm and n = 1.55
Let the radius of the curvature of each of two surfaces of the lens be R.
If R1 = R, then R2 = – R
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝝁 − 𝟏) (𝑹 − )
𝒇 𝟏 𝑹𝟐

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 − 𝟏) (𝑹 − )
𝟐𝟎 −𝑹

𝟏 𝟎.𝟓𝟓
= , R = 22cm
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝑹

Q.28 What is the focal length of a combination of a convex lens of focal length 30 cm and a concave lens of
focal length 20 cm in contact? Is the system a converging or a diverging lens? Ignore thickness of lenses.
Ans. Given f1 = + 30 cm, f2 = – 20 cm
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The focal length (F) of combination of given by = +
𝑭 𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐
𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝟑𝟎 𝒙−𝟐𝟎
F=𝒇 = = -60cm
𝟏 +𝒇𝟐 𝟑𝟎+(−𝟐𝟎)
That is, the focal length of combination is 60 cm and it acts like a diverging lens.
Q.29 A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eye piece of focal length 6.0 cm.
What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation between the objective and the eye-
piece?
Ans. Given fO = 144 cm, fe = 6.0 cm
𝑓𝑂 𝟏𝟒𝟒
Magnifying power of telescope, M = - =- = -24
𝑓𝑒 𝟔
Negative sign shows that the final image is real and inverted.
Separation between objective and eye-piece L = fO + fe = 144 + 6 = 150 cm

Q.30 In the following diagram, an object ‘O’ is placed 15 cm in front of a convex lens L1 of focal length 20
cm and the final image is formed at ‘I’ at a distance of 80 cm from the second lens L2. Find the focal length
of the L2.

Ans- Let focal length of lens L2 be x cm

Now, for lens, L1
KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 104
u = – 15 cm; f = +20 cm; v =?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Using lens formula − =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + = − 𝟔𝟎
= 𝟐𝟎 +
𝐯 𝐟 𝐮 −𝟏𝟓

⇒ v = –60 cm i.e., 60 cm from lens in the direction of object.

Now, for lens, L2
The image formed by lens L1, will act as object for lens L2
u = –60 + (–20) = –80 cm v = +80 cm (given) and f = x cm
Applying lens formula for lens L2
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
− =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
− =
𝟖𝟎 −𝟖𝟎 𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
=
𝒙 𝟖𝟎
x = 40 cm
Hence, focal length of lens L2 is 40 cm

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 105

 REVISION PAPER UNIT- IX–RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Note: Q. No. 1-4 is of 01 mark each, Q. No. 5-6 is of 02 marks each, [Link].7 is of 03 marks, Q. No. 8 is a
case study based and is of 04 marks, Q. No. 11 is of 5 marks.
S Question M
N ar
ks
1 A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance 'u' 1
from the lens and measuring the distance 'v' of the image pin. The graph between 'u' and 'v'
plotted by the student should look like

2 Assertion (A): Refractive index of glass with respect to air is different for red light and violet 1
light.
Reason (R): Refractive index of a pair of media does not depends on the wavelength of light
used.
gg- Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
hh- Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
ii- Assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect
jj- Assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.

3 A biconcave lens of power P vertically splits into two identical plano-concave parts. The power 1
of each part will be
(a) 2P (b) P/2 (c) P (d) P/√2

4 A prism has refractive angle 60°. When a light ray is incident at 50°, then minimum deviation is 1
obtained. What is the value of minimum deviation?
(a) 40° (b) 45° (c) 50° (d) 60°

5 An object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. The image formed is real and 2
three times the size of the object. Calculate the distance of the object from the mirror.

6 A ray of light passing from air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes minimum deviation 2
when the angle of incidence is 3/4 of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 107

7 Trace the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism (ABC) as shown 3
in the figure. If the refractive index of glass is √3 , find out of the value of the
angle of emergence from the prism.

Case study-based questions (questions no 8-10) Refraction Through a Prism 4

A prism is a portion of a transparent medium bounded by two plane faces inclined to each
other at a suitable angle. A ray of light suffers two refractions on passing through a prism and
hence deviates through a certain angle from its original path. The angle of deviation of a
prism is, 𝜹 = (𝝁 — 1) A, through which a ray deviates on passing through a thin prism of
small refracting angle A.
𝜹 +𝑨
𝒔𝒊𝒏( 𝒎 )
𝟐
If u is refractive index of the material of the prism, then prism formula is, 𝝁 = 𝑨
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐

8. For which colour, angle of deviation is minimum? 1

9. When deviation through a prism is maximum then find the angle of incidence? 1
[Link] is the deviation produced by a prism of angle 6°? (Refractive index of the material of
the prism is 1.644) 2
OR
10. A ray of light falling at an angle of 50° is refracted through a prism and suffers minimum
deviation. If the angle of prism is 60°, then find the angle of minimum deviation? 2
11 (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real image formed by an astronomical telescope in 5
normal adjustment position. Define its magnifying power.
(ii) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a telescope.
(a) Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
(b) Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large?

KVS ZIET CHANDIGARH 108

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