CHAPTER IV

NATIONALISM
 NATIONALISM
Etymologically, the origins of the term can be traced back
to the Latin word natio, or “something born,” which was
used by Romans to refer to a community of foreigners. It
is commonly believed that in its modern sense of “love for
a particular nation,” the term was first used in 1798.
 NATIONALISM
▪ Is an idea and movement that promotes the interests of a particular
nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s
sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland.

▪ Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from
outside interference. It further aims to build and maintain a single
national identity, based on shared social characteristics of culture,
ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions and
belief in a shared singular history, and to promote national unity or
solidarity.
 NATIONALISM
Defined by Oxford as an identification with one's own
nation and support for its interests, especially to
the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other
nations.
 NATIONALISM: ISSUES AND CONCERNS
▪ Nationalism means patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts or an
extreme form of patriotism marked by a feeling of
SUPERIORITY over other countries.
▪ The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines nationalism as loyalty
and devotion to a nation; especially, a sense of a national
consciousness exalting one nation ABOVE ALL OTHERS
placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and
interests as opposed to those other.
 NATIONALISM THREAT ON WORLD PEACE

“So, it is human condition that wish for the greatness of

one’s fatherland is to wish evil to one’s neighbors”, said
Voltaire.
TYPES OF NATIONALISM
1. CIVIL NATIONALISM
▪ Civil nationalism defines the nation as an association of people
who identify themselves as belonging to the nation, who have
equal and shared political procedures.
▪ According to the principles of civic nationalism, the nation is not
based on common ethnic ancestry, but is a political entity
whose core identity is not ethnicity
2. CREOLE NATIONALISM
▪ Refers to the ideology that emerged in independence movements
among the creoles (descendants of the colonizers).
▪ It was facilitated when French Emperor Napoleon seized control the Spain
and Portugal, breaking the chain of control from the Spanish and
Portuguese kings to the local governors.
▪ Allegiance to the Napoleonic states was rejected, and increasingly the
creoles demanded independence. They achieved it after the civil
wars.
3. NATIVIST NATIONALISM
▪ Similar to creole or territorial types of nationalism, but which
defines belonging to a nation solely by being born on its
territory.
▪ In countries where strong nativist nationalism exists, people who
were not born in the country are seen as lesser nationals
than those who were born there and are called “immigrants”
even if they became naturalized.
4. ETHNIC NATIONALISM
▪ Also known as ethno-nationalism
▪ Is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of
ethnicity.
▪ The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that nations are defined by a
shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common
faith, and a common ethnic ancestry.
▪ It also includes ideas of a culture shared between members of the
group, and with their ancestors.
5. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM
▪ Refers to an ideology that favors state interventionism in
the economy, with policies that emphasize domestic
control of the economy, labor and capital formation,
even if this requires the imposition of tariffs and other
restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital.
6. RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM
▪ Religious nationalism is the relationship of nationalism to a
particular religious belief, dogma or affiliation where a shared
religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of national
unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation.
▪ Saudi Arabia, Iranian, Egyptian, Iraqi and the Pakistani-Islamic
nationalism are some of examples.
7. LEFT-WING NATIONALISM
▪ Occasionally known as Socialist Nationalism, refers to any political
movement that contributes left-wing politics and nationalism.
▪ Many nationalist movements are dedicated to national liberation, in the
view that their nations are being persecuted by other nations and thus
need to exercise self-determination by liberating themselves from the
accused persecutors.
▪ Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that
support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism
(equal) often in opposition to social hierarchy.
8. TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM

▪ Territorial nationalists assume that all inhabitants of a

particular nation owe allegiance (loyalty) to their
country of birth or adoption. Citizenship is idealized by
terrible nationalists.
9. RACIAL NATIONALISM
▪ Is an ideology that advocates a racial definition of national
identity. Racial nationalism seeks to preserve a given race
through policies such as banning race mixing and the
immigration of other races. Specific examples are black
nationalism and white nationalism.
10. SPORTS NATIONALISM
▪ Sport spectacles command worldwide audiences as nations
battle for supremacy and the fans invest intense support for
their national team.
▪ Increasingly people have tied their loyalties and even their
cultural identity to national teams.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM
▪ While the terms patriotism and nationalism were once regarded as
synonymous, distinct connotations were assumed. While both are
people's feelings of affection for their nation, the values on which
they are based are very distinct. Patriotism feelings are based on the
country's positive values- like liberty, justice and equality. The
patriot thinks that both their country's state system and individuals
are inherently good and working together to achieve a better quality
of life.
▪ On the other hand, nationalism emotions are based on
the belief that one's nation is superior to all others. It
also holds a connotation of other countries distrust or
disapproval, leading to the premise that other states are
competitors.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM
▪ Nationalism is a poisonous idea for it is a feeling of superiority over
others and hostility towards other nations. It is naturally leads to
interventionism, conflicts, and wars.
▪ In contrast, patriotism is productive. It is not the same as nationalism.
Patriotism is being prideful of one’s own people or nation for its
accomplishments, ready to cooperate with others towards doing good
deeds, and willing to defend it against any foreign aggression. It breeds
positive energy to nurture growth.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM
▪ According to Sydney J. Harris, the patriot is proud of his nation for
what it does, and the nationalist proud his nation whatever it does;
first approach generates a sense accountability and the second sense
of blind stupidity leading to war.

▪ Nationalism means being proud of one's country no matter what it

does.

▪ Patriotism means being proud of one’s country for what it does.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONALISM
1. Giving authenticity to territory, blood or language is the basis of
nationalism. Instead of basing unity on belief and ideology,
nationalism bases it on language, territory and race. Homeland and
nationality become the axis of patriotism.

2. The next basic characteristic of nationalism is that all the loyalty is

centered upon the homeland. All other loyalties such as loyalty to
God, religion, belief and ideology are subordinated to loyalty the
country check patriotism, and nation.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONALISM
3. Belief that one should defend a compatriot against a foreigner,
whether the former is in the right or not.

4. Eulogizing and almost worship of national personalities and historical

heroes of one's country.

5. Revival of past traditions such as ancient idolatry. Neo- nationalism

too, in this connection, relies on myths, ancient and dead customs,
such as the ceremonies of the last Tuesday night of the year.

6. A tendency to distort historical facts to glorify one's country, and to

invent stories and create models to show one's nation at its best.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONALISM
7. Like old Totemism, there are special emblems in nationalism which
are given sanctity. The flag, national emblem, and national anthem
are considered sacred, for each of which a human being has the duty
of self-sacrifice.
 FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 "Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its
essence to know profoundly the past, so that we may be in
complete openness with the men who made that history and in
intimate communion with their thoughts, their deeds and their
noble lives.“
Claro M. Recto Jr.
 FILIPINO NATIONALISM

Refers to the awakening and support towards a

political identity associated with modern Philippines
leading to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social,
and economic freedom in the Philippines.
Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines in the 1800s with
an upsurge of patriotic feelings and nationalistic ideals resulting
from more than two decades of Spanish rule. This served as the
backbone of, and continues to this day, the first nationalist
revolution in Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896. These
nationalistic feelings have resulted to a comprehensive
campaign in the Philippines for political, social and economic
liberty.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPIΝΟ ΝΑΤΙΟΝALISM

The Philippines had been split into various principalities known as

"barangays" in the years before the 11th century, a name originating
from Malayan ships called "balangays." Datus, rajahs or sultans
governed these tiny political units (H. In 1565, when Spanish explorer
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and established the
first European colonies in Cebu, European colonization started in
earnest
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPIΝΟ ΝΑΤΙΟΝALISM

Starting with only five ships and five hundred men accompanied by
Augustinian monks and further strengthened by two hundred soldiers
in 1567, he was able to repel competing Portuguese colonizers and
lay the foundations for the Spanish colonization of the archipelago.
The Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Maynila and Tondo in 1571
and founded Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies. This
Spanish colonization united the archipelago of the Philippines into one
political unit.
 The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism
• The term "Filipino" originally referred to the Spanish criollos of the
Philippines. During their 333-year rule of the Philippines, the Spanish
rulers referred the natives as indios
• Also during the colonial era, the Spaniards born in the Philippines, who
were more known as insulares, criollos, or Creoles, were also called
"Filipinos."

• Spanish-born Spaniards or mainland Spaniards residing in the

Philippines were referred to as Peninsulares. Those of mixed ancestry
were referred to as Mestizos.
 The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism

• The sense of national consciousness came from the Creoles, who

now regard themselves as ”Filipino”. It was brought to its advent by
the three major factors: economy, education and secularization of
parishes.
 The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism
• The Philippines opening to global or world trade, the increase of the
upper class, and the influx of Europe's liberal thoughts were just a
few instances of how the Philippines became a stable nation. "The
first manifestation of Philippine nationalism followed in the 1880s
and 1890s with a reform or propaganda movement carried out both
in Spain and in the Philippines with the aim of "propagandizing" the
circumstances of the Philippines in the hopes that the social,
political and financial life of the Philippines would be changed by
peaceful means.
OTHER CONCEPTS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
• Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement of our people
with the Filipino nation and domestic community, the Philippines as our
country and homeland.

• First and foremost, it is being pro-Filipino; believing that we belong to

one body, mind, soul, and spirit.

• It's a pride to be a Filipino; self-respect as a Filipino; pride in our

national cultural heritage and manner of life, with their constraints being
realized.
OTHER CONCEPTS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
• It involves pride in our heroes, pride in our flags, national anthem and
other symbols of our nationhood; national pride and dignity inspired by
the willingness to serve our nation alone and with dedication, and to
sacrifice for it, if necessary, with our own lives.

• It is a tool of change and reform; it aims our moral and spiritual

regeneration, our liberation from ignorance, bigotry, parochialism,
feudalism ; colonial mentality, bribery and distorted etilism.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON OUR
INDIGENOUS VALUES
a. Pagsasarili

b. Pakikisama

c. Pagkabayani

d. Pagkakaisa

e. Pakikitungo

f. Pakikipagkapwa - Tao

g. Pagkakapantay- Pantay
 DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF
NATIONALISM

To show our sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone must:

WORK – ACT – RESPECT - STAND PROUD - LOVE.

Let us work on our own. Act today, and participate in the government.
Respect everyone including others' raise. Stand proud for who you
are Love everyone as how you expect they would love you back
 DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity
2. Be Productive
3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country
4. Stand Proud for Every Achievement
5. Patronize and Support our Own Products
6. Preserve the Filipino Culture
7. Respect Everyone and Value Our Traditions
8. Speak Out Our Own Language
9. Remember and Commemorate our Heroes’ Sacrifices for our
Country
10.Love our Family, our Neighbours, and our Countrymen
 NATIONAL IDENTITY

Refers to the to the shared sense of belongings, values

and characteristics that define a nation and its people.

National symbols and flags, national anthems, national

languages, national myths and other symbols of
national identity are highly important in nationalism.
 NATIONAL SYMBOLS
Is a symbol of any entity considering and manifesting itself
to the world as a national community: the sovereign states
but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other
dependence, (con) federal integration, or even an ethno
cultural community considered a nationality despite having
no political autonomy.

National symbols intend to unite people by creating visual,

verbal, or iconic representations of the national people,
values, goals, or history.
 Common official national symbols
1. The flag or banner of a nation-state
2. The coat of arms of the land or ruling dynasty
3. The seal or stamp of the land or ruling dynasty
4. The head of state, especially in a monarchy
5. The associated device and motto can also be used separately
6. The national colors, often derived from the above
7. Abstract symbols
8. National anthems, royal and imperial hymns; alongside such
official hymns custom may also recognize the national symbol
values of very popular songs
 NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF THE PHILIPPINES
The national symbols of the Philippines consist an symbols
that represent Philippine traditions and ideals and convey
the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the
Filipino people. Some of these symbols namely the national
flag, the Great Seal, the coat of arms and the national
motto are stated in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines, which is also known as Republic Act 8491. In
the Constitution of the Philippines, the Filipino language is
stated as the national language of the Philippines.
NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF THE
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: July 3, 1946 Coat of Arms of the
(reaffirmed February 12, 1998) Philippines
Legal Basis: Commonwealth Act No. 731
Reaffirmed by R.A No. 8491
- Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a
chief argent studded with three (3) mullets
equidistant from each other; and, in point of
honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant
with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall
be the scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS," inscribed thereon.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: February 12, 1998 Great Seal of the
Legal Basis: Republic Act No. 8491, Chapter V Philippines
- The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the
arms as described in the preceding Sec., but
without the scroll and the inscription thereon.
Surrounding the whole shall be a double
marginal circle within which shall appear the
words "Republika ng Pilipinas." For the purpose
of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms
shall not be deemed essential but tincture
representation must be used.
- The Great Seal shall also bear the National
Motto.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: June 12, 1898
(reaffirmed February 12, 1998)
Legal Basis: Proclamation of
President Emilio Aguinaldo
Reaffirmed Republic Act No. 8491

- The flag of the Philippines shall be blue,

white and red with an eight-rayed golden- Flag of the Philippines
yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as
consecrated and honored by the people.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)

The Philippine national

flag was designed by Emilio
Aguinaldo. It was sewn by
Doña Marcela Mariño
Agoncillo, her five-year-old
daughter Lorenza Mariño
Agoncillo, and Mrs. Delfina
Herbosa Natividad, Dr.José
Rizal's niece by his sister
Flag of the
Lucia. It was first displayed in Philippines
the Battle of Alapan on May
28, 1898.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: Music - June 12, 1898 Lupang Hinirang
Lyrics – May 26, 1968
(reaffirmed February 12, 1998)
Legal Basis: Music – Proclamation of
President Emilio Aguinaldo
Lyrics – Department of Education
Administrative Order
Reaffirmed Republic Act No. 8491
-The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.
-The National Anthem shall always be sung in the
national language within or without the country.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Also known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina" Lupang Hinirang
(original title of the march
composed by Julián Felipe)

Lyrics: José Palma (original Spanish lyrics)

"Filipinas" (original title of the poem 1899)

Felipe Padilla de León

(Tagalog lyrics), 1956
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: February 11, 1987 National Language
Legal Basis: Article XIV, Sec 6 of the 1987 FILIPINO
Constitution of the Philippines

- The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall

be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine
and other languages.
- Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem
appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the
use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language
of instruction in the educational system.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: February 12, 1998 National Motto of
Legal Basis: Republic Act No. 8491, Chapter III, the Philippines
Section 40
- The National Motto shall be "MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-
TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.“
- Derived from the last four lines of the Pledge of
Allegiance to the Philippine Flag.
- This motto reflects the country’s commitment to a
harmonious relationship with nature, a strong
connection to its culture and traditions, and a
dedication to the welfare of its citizens.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: July 4, 1995 Philippine Eagle
Legal Basis: Proclamation No. 615 (Pithecoapaga jefferyi)
- also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great
Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of
eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to
forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-
colored plumage, a shaggy crest, and generally
measures 86 to 102 cm in length and weighs 4.04 to
8.0 kg.
- the Philippine Eagle is the best biological indicator of
the quality of our forest ecosystems and is the
flagship species in the conservation of Philippine
wildlife
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: February 1, 1934 Sampaguita
Legal Basis: Executive Proclamation No. 652, (Jasminum sambac)
issued by Governor General Frank Murphy

- Its white flower is believed

to symbolize purity,
simplicity, fidelity, and hope,
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: October 15, 1996 Philippine Pearl
Legal Basis: Proclamation No. 905 (Pinctada maxima)
- The South Sea pearl or Philippine pearl was
declared by Philippine President Fidel Ramos as
the national gem in 1996 through Proclamation
No. 905.The oyster and pearl are depicted on
the reverse side of the Philippine New
Generation Currency Series 1,000-peso bill.
- The declaration of the Philippine Pearl as the
National Gem shall further promote the cultural
heritage of the country and support its national
development efforts;
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: October 30, 2018 Filipino Sign
Legal Basis: Republic Act No. 11106
Language
- Filipino Sign Language (FSL) or Philippine Sign
Language (Filipino: Wikang pasenyas ng mga
Pilipino), is a sign language originating in the
Philippines. Like other sign languages, FSL is a
unique language with its own grammar, syntax
and morphology.
- The law also declares the country's national sign
language as the official sign language of the
government in all transactions involving the deaf.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: December 11, 2009
Arnis (Eskrima/Kali)
Legal Basis: Republic Act No. 9850
- Arnis, also known as kali or
eskrima/escrima, is the national martial art
of the Philippines. These three terms are,
sometimes, interchangeable in referring to
traditional martial arts of the Philippines
("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which
emphasize weapon-based fighting with
sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and
various improvised weapons, as well as
"open hand" techniques without weapons.
 LIST OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS (OFFICIAL)
Adopted: February 1, 1934
Narra ( Pterocarpus
Legal Basis: Executive Proclamation No. 652 indicus )
- commonly known as Amboyna wood, Malay
padauk, Papua New Guinea rosewood,
Philippine mahogany, Andaman redwood,
Burmese rosewood, narra.
- It is strong, sturdy, and durable.
- It is tall and symbolizes the lofty ideals of the
Filipino people. It is tall, strong, enduring and
signify the persistence of the Filipinos in their
demand for freedom.
- known for its beautiful golden-yellow flowers.
 Unofficial National Symbols of the Philippines

While official national symbols hold a special place in a

country’s identity, there are also unofficial symbols that
resonate deeply with the people of the Philippines. These
unofficial symbols are not officially designated by
government decrees or laws but are widely embraced by
the population for their cultural significance, historical
relevance, and representation of the Filipino spirit.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Dance (Sayaw ng Bayan)
TINIKLING
➢ A popular traditional
Filipino dance that
involves bamboo poles. It
represents the country’s
creativity and agility.
➢ Gracefulness is
symbolized by this
dance.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Food (Pambansang Pagkain)
ADOBO

➢ a flavorful and savory

dish made from meat
(often chicken or pork)
marinated in vinegar, soy
sauce, and spices, is
considered a
quintessential Filipino
dish.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Animal (Pambansang Hayop)
CARABAO

➢ a water buffalo, is a
symbol of hard work,
endurance, and rural life
in the Philippines.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Fish (Pambansang Isda)
BANGUS

➢ Bangus, or milkfish,
holds a special place in
Filipino cuisine and
represents the country’s
rich marine resources.
➢ Symbolizes versatility,
because of many ways in
which it can be cooked.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National House (Pambansang Bahay)
BAHAY KUBO

➢ A traditional nipa hut

made from indigenous
materials, represents
simplicity, adaptability,
and rural life.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Leaf (Pambansang Dahon)
ANAHAW

➢ Often used in Filipino

traditional decorations, is
a symbol of tropical
beauty and resilience.
➢ This plant is often used
as hat, umbrella, or fan
symbolizing the Filipino’s
resourcefulness.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Fruit (Pambansang Prutas)
MANGO

➢ Particularly the Philippine

Carabao Mango, is
celebrated for its
sweetness and is a
source of national pride.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Costume (Pambansang Kasuotan)
BARONG TAGALOG
➢ Barong Tagalog (for men) and the
Baro’t Saya (for women) are considered
the national costumes of the
Philippines. The Barong Tagalog is a
formal shirt for men made from
pineapple or abaca fibers, representing
Filipino elegance and artistry. The
Baro’t Saya or the Maria Clara dress,
named after a character in a novel, is a
traditional dress for women known for
its grace and modesty.
 List of Unofficial National Symbols
National Hero (Pambansang Bayani)
DR. JOSE RIZAL
➢ Dr. Jose Rizal, often referred to as the
national hero of the Philippines, played
a pivotal role in the country’s struggle
for independence from Spanish colonial
rule. His writings and actions inspired
the Filipino people to seek freedom and
fight for their rights. Rizal’s dedication to
education, social reform, and love for
the Philippines make him an enduring
symbol of Filipino patriotism and
nationalism.
 A national myth is an inspiring narrative or anecdote about a
nation's past. Such myths often serve as an important national symbol
and affirm a set of national values. A national myth may sometimes take
the form of a national epic or be incorporated into a civil religion. A
group of related myths about a nation may be referred to as the
national mythos, from μύθος, the original Greek word for "myth".

NATIONAL MYTH
A national myth is a legend or fictionalized narrative which has been elevated to a
serious mythological, symbolic, and esteemed level so as to be true to the nation. It
might simply over-dramatize true incidents, omit important

In some places, the national myth may be spiritual in tone and refer to stories of
the nation's founding at the hands of a God, several gods, leaders favored by gods,
or other supernatural beings.

NATIONAL MYTH
A national myth is a legend or fictionalized narrative which has been elevated to a
serious mythological, symbolic, and esteemed level so as to be true to the nation. It
might simply over-dramatize true incidents, omit important

In some places, the national myth may be spiritual in tone and refer to stories of
the nation's founding at the hands of a God, several gods, leaders favored by gods,
or other supernatural beings.

NATIONAL MYTH
A national myth is a legend or fictionalized narrative which has been elevated to a
The body of stories and epics originating from, and part of,
serious mythological, symbolic, and esteemed level so as to be
the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various true to the nation. It
might simply
ethnic over-dramatize
faiths true incidents,
distinct from omit important
one another

In somePhilippine
places, the national myth may
mythology be spiritual in tone
is incorporated and various
from refer to stories of
sources,
the nation'ssimilarities
having founding at the hands
with of a God, several
Indonesian gods, leaders
and Malay favored
myths, by gods,
as well as
orHindu,
other supernatural beings. Buddhist, and Christian traditions, such
Muslim, Shinto,
as the notion of heaven (kaluwalhatian, kalangitan,
kamurawayan, etc.). hell (kasamaan, sulad, etc.), and the human
soul (kaluluwa, kaulolan, makatu, ginokud, etc.).
NATIONAL MYTH
A national myth is a legend or fictionalized narrative which has been elevated to a
serious mythological, symbolic, and esteemed level so as to be true to the nation. It
Philippine mythology attempts to explain
might simply over-dramatize true incidents, omit important the nature of the
world through the lives and actions of heroes, deities (referred
to as anito or diwata in some ethnic groups), and mythological
Increatures.
some places,The the national myth may be spiritual in tone and refer to stories of
majority of these myths were passed on through
the
oralnation's founding
tradition, at the
and hands of athrough
preserved God, several
thegods,
aid leaders favored by gods,
of community
or other supernatural
spiritual leaders or beings.
shamans (babaylan, katalonan, mumbaki,
baglan, machanitu, walian, mangubat, bahasa, etc.) and
community elders.

NATIONAL MYTH
 THAT’S ALL.
ANY QUESTION????