ECL352 – DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

1. Design a Chebyshev low pass filter with the specifications αp = 1 dB ripple in the
passband 0 ≤ ω ≤ 0.2π, αs = 15 dB ripple in the stopband 0.3π ≤ ω ≤ π, using (a),
bilinear transformation, (b). Impulse invariance.

Given data αp = 1 dB ; ωp = 0.2π, αs = 15 dB; ωs = 0.3π

Prewarped frequencies are given by

2 ωp 0.2π
Ωp  tan  2tan  0.65
T 2 2
2 ωs 0.3π
π (2k  1)π
1 s  tan
Ω  2tan  1.02
0.1α
2 φk  22 2N k  1, 2,3,4
10 p
1
cosh T
10 0.1αs 1
N  3.01 φ1  112.5  ; φ2  157.5  ; φ3  202.5  ;
Ω
cosh -1 s
ΩP φ4  247.5  ;
Let us take N  4
s1  a cos φ1  jbsinφ1   0.0907  j0.639
ε  (10 0.1α P
 1) 0.5
 0.508 s 2  a cos φ2  jbsinφ2   0.2189  j0.2647
1 2
με  1 ε  4.17 s 3  a cos φ3  jbsinφ3   0.2189  j0.2647
s 4  a cos φ4  jbsinφ4   0.0907  j0.639
The poles of a Chebyshev filter
 μ 1/N  μ 1/N 
a  ΩP    0.237
 2 
μ  μ
1/N 1/N

b  ΩP    0.6918
 2 
The denominator of H(s) =[(s+0.0907)2 +(0.639)2]
=(s2+0.5306s+0.3516)
As N is even, the numerator of H(s) =(0.3516) /√1+ε2

=0.28

The transfer function H(s) = 0.28/(s2+0.5306s+0.3516)

H(z) = H(s) | 2 1  z 1 
s  
T 1  z 1 
0.001836(1  z 1 )4

(1  1.499z 1  0.8482z  2 )( 1  1.5548z 1  0.6493z  2 )

Impulse Invariance Method:

Given data αp = 1 dB ; ωp = 0.2π, αs = 15 dB; ωs = 0.3π

10 p  1
0.1α

cosh 1
10 0.1αs  1
N  3.2
-1 Ω s
cosh
ΩP
Let us take N  4
 π (2k  1)π
φk   k  1, 2,3,4 ε  (10 0.1αP  1)0.5  0.508
2 2N
φ1  112.5  ; φ2  157.5  ; φ3  202.5  ; μ  ε 1  1  ε  2  4.17
φ4  247.5  ;
The poles of a Chebyshev filter
s1  a cos φ1  jbsinφ1   0.0876  j0.619  μ 1/N  μ 1/N 
a  ΩP    0.229
s 2  a cos φ2  jbsinφ2   0.2115  j0.2564  2 
s 3  a cos φ3  jbsinφ3   0.2115  j0.2564 μ  μ
1/N 1/N

b  ΩP    0.67
s 4  a cos φ4  jbsinφ4   0.0876  j0.619  2 

The denominator of H(s) =[(s+0.0876)2 +(0.619)2] [(s+0.2115)2 +(0.2564)2]

=(s2+0.175s+0.391) (s2+0.423s+0.11)
As N is even, the numerator of H(s) =(0.391) (0.11)/√1+ε2

=0.03834

The transfer function H(s) = 0.03834 / [(s2+0.175s+0.391) (s2+0.423s+0.11)]

A A
H(s)  s  ( 0.0876  j0.619)  s  ( 0.0876  j0.619)
B B
 
s  ( 0.2115  j0.2564) s  ( 0.2115  j0.2564)

Using Impulse invariant transform

 0.083  0.0245z1 0.083  0.0238z1

H(z)  
1  1.49z1  0.839z2 1  1.56z1  0.655z2

2. Design an ideal high-pass filter with a frequency response

1 for π/4  ω  π
H d (e jω )  
0 for | ω |  π/4

Evaluate the values of h(n) for N = 11 and compute the transfer function of the
realizable filter H(z).
 The desired frequency response is shown in Fig.1
We know

Figure1: the ideal frequency response of highpass filter of example 1

-
Truncating to 11 samples, we have
for
= 0 otherwise
For n=0

=
From the given frequency response we can find that α =0. Therefore, the
filter coefficients are symmetrical about n = 0 satisfying the condition

For n=1

= - 0.225
the transfer function of the filter is given by

= 0.75 +
The transfer function of the realizable filter is

= 0.0045 – 0.075 - 0.159 -0.225 + 0. 75 -0.225 -

0.159 -0.075 -0.045

3. Repeat the problem 2 using Hanning Window.

 Hanning window

= 0 otherwise
For N = 11

= 0 otherwise

The filter coefficients can be obtained as below

The filter coefficients using Hanning window are

= 0 otherwise

The transfer function of the filter is given by

The transfer function of the realizable filter is

1. For the given specifications, design an analog Butterworth filter.

0.9 ≤ H(jΩ) ≤ 1 0 ≤ Ω ≤ 0.2π
H(ejω) ≤ 0.2 0.4π ≤ω≤ π
1 1
From the data, we find Ωp = 0.2π ; Ωs = 0.4π ;  0.9 ; and  0.2
1  2 1  2
From which we obtain
ε = 0.484 and λ = 4.898

 
log  
N     3.34
Ω
log s
ΩP
Let us take N  4
 For N = 4, the transfer function of normalized Butterworth filter is
1
H(s) =
( s  0.76537 s  1)(s 2  1.8477 s  1)
2

p
We know Ωc = 0.1 p
 0.24
(10  1)1 / 2 N
H(s) for Ωc= 0.24π can be obtained by substituting s → s/ 0.24π in H(s)

1 1
H(s) = x
 s  2
 s    s  2
 s  
   0.76537   1    1.8477   1
 0.24   0.24    0.24   0.24  

0.323
=
( s  0.577 s  0.0576 2 )(s 2  1.393s  0.0576 2 )
2

2. An analog filter has transfer function H(s)=10/s2+7s+10. Design a digital filter

equivalent to this using impulse invariant method.

3. Using the Bilinear transformation, design a highpass filter, monotonoic in

passband with cutoff frequency 1000 Hz and down 10 dB at 350 Hz. The
sampling frequency is 5000Hz.
Prewarping the digital frequencies we have

Therefore we take N =1. The 1st order Butterworth filter for