GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION (PRE UNIVERSITY)

JANATHA INDEPENDENT P.U COLLEGE,

HEMMADY
ASSIGNMENT/ACTIVITY/PROJECT
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024 – 2025

S U B JE C T : M a th e m a tic s
........................ ................................... .................

TOPIC : Trigonometric functions

S t u d e n t ’s N a m e :
R e g . N o / R o ll n o :

C la s s :

Name of the guide /Lecturer :

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ________________________________________
a student of IPUC/II PUC, Janatha Independent P.U College,
Hemmady with Roll No._______________ has successfully
completed the project/Assignment /Activity Work prescribed
by K.S.E.A.B for Karnataka Pre-University Course during the
academic year 2024– 2025.

Parameter Max. Marks Marks Obtained

Writing of 5
Project/Assignment/Activity

Presentation 3

Viva Voce 2

Total Marks 10

SIGNATURE OF THE LECTURER

DATE:
 INDEX
Srl. No. Content Page
1 Objective 1

2 Material required 1

3 Theory 1

4 Method of construction 1-3

5 Applications 3-4

6 More about the function y=sin(x) 5

7 Conclusion 6

8 Bibliography 7
 Project/Assignment

Class: I PUC

Subject : Mathematics

Topic: Trigonometric functions

Objective: Graph of sinx- Defination, example & Applications

Material required :

Pencil, scale , graph sheet

Theory:

The Graph of sinx is a wave-like curve that oscillates between -1 and 1 on the y-axis

as x increases from 0 to 2π (or 360°). It is a periodic function with a period of 2π

radians (or 360°) and it repeats itself every 2π units. The shape of the curve is similar

to a wave or a ripple and it has a maximum value of 1 at x=π/2 (or 90°) and a

minimum value of -1 at x=3π/2 (or 270°). The curve passes through the origin (0,0)

Method of construction:

In this graph, the x-axis represents the angle in radians (or degrees), and the y-axis

represents the value of sin(x).

1) Draw a X-axis

Draw a Y-axis with 0,1,-1 ...on it.

3) Mark the origin.

4) Mark the points π/2, π, 3π/2, 2π etc.In short in the graph, the value of 3.14 on
the

X-axis represents 180° or π. and 6.28 is equivalent to 360° or 2π.

As we know that sin(π)=0, so the sine curve will intersect at π, 2π, 3π, etc.

Page1
 mark the points 1,2,3,4....on the X-axis The sine curve will cut the X-axis at 0 ,

3.14,6.28 etc.

5) Write the values of trigonometric functions of standard angle

Degrees 00 300 450 600 900 1800 2700 3600

x angle in radians 0 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

y =sinx 0 0.5 0.707 0.866 1 0 -1 0

 7)As sin(0)=0, so the sine graph starts from the origin.

Mark the points (0,0), (π/6 ,0.5) ,(π/3,0.707), (π/3 ,0.866),(π/2 ,1)

Draw the graph of sinx between (0, π/2 )

As x increases from π/2 to π, the value of sin(x) decreases from 1 to 0.This

corresponds to the graph falling from its maximum value to the x-axis at x=π (180°).

Draw the graph of y = sin x by using the fact that sin(π- x) = sin x . So finally, we draw

it in the interval [π,2π], using the fact that sin(π + x) = -sin x which means that the graph

of y = sin x in [π,2π] is the mirror image of the graph of y = sin x in [0,π]

Page2

As you can see, the graph of y=sin(x) oscillates between the values of -1 and 1 as the

angle x increases. At x=0, the value of sin(0) is 0. As x increases, the value of sin(x)

oscillates between -1 and 1, reaching a maximum value of 1 at x=π/2 (90°) and a

minimum value of -1 at x=3π/2 (270°).

Applications:

Page3
The graph of y=sin(x) has numerous applications in various fields. Here are some of

the common applications:

1. Trigonometry: The graph of y=sin(x) is an essential component of

trigonometry, which is the study of triangles and their properties. The sine function

is one of the six trigonometric functions, and it plays a crucial role in solving

problems related to triangles, such as finding the lengths of sides or angles.

2. Physics: The graph of y=sin(x) is used to represent oscillations and waves in

physics. Many physical phenomena, such as the motion of a pendulum or a

vibrating string, can be modeled using sine functions

3. Engineering: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in engineering to represent

signals and wave forms. For example, electrical engineers use sine waves to

represent

alternating currents or voltages in electrical circuits.

4. Music: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in music to represent sound waves.

Musical notes are characterized by their frequency, which determines the pitch of

the sound. Sine waves of different frequencies are combined to produce complex

wave forms that correspond to different musical tones.

5. Computer graphics: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in computer graphics to

create smooth curves and animations. Sine functions are often used to generate

wave-like patterns or to interpolate between two points in a smooth manner.

6. Waves: The graph of y=sin(x) represents a wave that oscillates periodically

between -1 and 1. This is useful for understanding many natural phenomena, such as

sound waves, light waves, and water waves.

7. Harmonic motion: The graph of y=sin(x) is related to simple harmonic

motion, which is a type of motion that oscillates back and forth periodically. This is

useful for understanding many physical systems, such as springs, pendulums, and

musical instruments.

8. Signal processing: The graph of y=sin(x) can be used to generate signals

with specific frequencies and amplitudes. This is useful in signal processing

applications, such as telecommunications, audio processing, and image processing.

9. Control systems: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in control systems to

generate reference signals that can be used to control the behaviour of a system.

This is useful in many engineering applications, such as robotics, aircraft control,

and power systems.

Page5
Overall, the graph of y=sin(x) is a versatile mathematical tool that has a wide range

of applications in various fields, from science and engineering to music and art.

More about the function y=sin(x) :

1. Amplitude: The amplitude of a sine wave is the maximum displacement of the

wave from its equilibrium position. In the graph of y=sin(x), the amplitude is

1,because the wave oscillates between -1 and 1. For example, the amplitude of a

sound wave produced by a musical instrument is related to the volume of the sound.

2. Frequency: The frequency of a sine wave is the number of complete cycles of

the wave that occur in one second. In the graph of y=sin(x), the frequency can be

adjusted by changing the coefficient in front of x, such as y=sin(2x) or y=sin(3x). For

example, the frequency of a sound wave produced by a musical instrument is related

to the pitch of the sound.

3. Period: The period of a sine wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle

of the wave to occur. In the graph of y=sin(x), the period is 2π radians, because the

wave completes one full cycle between 0 and 2π. For example, the period of a

pendulum swinging back and forth is related to the length of the pendulum.

Page6
 Conclusion

From the graph of trigonometric functions we can observe that the sine and

cosine functions are commonly used to model periodic phenomena such as sound

and light waves, the position and velocity of harmonic oscillators etc.

The sine wave, or sine function, has a special place in electrical and electronic

engineering because of its particular properties.The original mathematical

purpose of the sine and cosine functions was to describe the relationship, in fact

the ratio, of one side of a right angled triangle and the hypotenuse. Voltages (V)

and currents(I) which vary in time (t) according to the same sinusoidal function

as the sides of the triangle described above are frequently used in electrical and

electronic engineering.

Page7
 Bibliography
1) NCERT text book of class XI

2) https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/sine-function

3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

Page8