INFO1110 Cheatsheet

Abyan Majid

August 30, 2023

Checklist for assessment 1 preparedness

□ Flowcharts □ comments, docstring □ +, -, *, /, **, %, //, □ count-controlled

ˆ (bitwise XOR) while, event-
□ Terminal commands □ capitalize(), upper(),
controlled while
lower(), strip(), re- □ if, else, elif, nested ifs
□ Variables, typecast- place() □ math lib: e, pi,
ing, inputs □ string indexing,
□ len(), count(), type() sqrt(), ceil, floor
□ Type annotation string slicing
□ isalpha(), isnu- □ chr(), ord(), hex(),
□ name , doc meric() □ function parameters, oct()
□ and, or, not arguments, return
□ concatenation, multi- type, body □ num:.xf, num:xd
ple print args, for- □ ==, !=, <, >, <=,
mat(), f-string(), %s >= □ return, pass, None □ debugging: pdb, IDE

1 Terminal commands

1 $ python3 < filename >. py # i n t e r p r e t and run f i l e n a m e . py

2 $ python3 -m py_compile < filename > # create a . pyc e x e c u t a b l e binary
3 $ python3 # enter python i n t e r p r e t e r
4 $ pwd # see current d i r e c t o r y
5 $ ls # see c o n t e n t s of current d i r e c t o r y
6 $ mkdir < dirname > # create new d i r e c t o r y
7 $ cd < dirname > # n a v i g a t e to another d i r e c t o r y
8 $ touch < filename > # create a new file
9 $ mv < filename > < destination > # move a file to another d i r e c t o r y
10 $ cp < filename > < new_filename > # copy a file
11 $ vim < optional : filename > # enter vim , exit with : q

2 Variables, type annotation, name , doc

On variable naming conventions: Be descriptive, lowercase everything, and write spaces as underscores

1 # Python can infer datatypes , hence you are not r e q u i r e d to a n n o t a t e types .

2 x = 10

1
3 y : int = 4.25 # with type a n n o t a t i o n
4 m , n = ( " cool " , " shorthand " ) # i n i t i a l i z e m u l t i p l e vars in a single line
5

6 x = y # "=" is assignment , not e q u a l i t y !

7

8 def some_function () :
9 """
10 d o c u m e n t a t i o n of s o m e _ f u n c t i o n ()
11 """
12

13 print ( x )
14 print (m , n )
15 print ( __name__ ) # _ _ n a m e _ _ fetches the name of current module .
16 print ( some_function . __doc__ ) # __doc__ fetches d o c u m e n t a t i o n of s o m e _ f u n c t i o n ()

1 4.25
2 cool shorthand
3 __main__
4

5 documentation of some_function ()

3 Strings
3.1 Ways to format strings: concatenation, multiple args, format(), f-string, %s

1 a , b = ( " Hello " , " World " )

2

3 # String c o n c a t e n a t i o n
4 print ( " Hello " + " , " + " World ! " )
5

6 # Passing m u l t i p l e args into print ()

7 print ( " Hello , " , " World ! " )
8

9 # format () method
10 print ( " {} , {}! " . format (a , b ) )
11

12 # f - string ( using string l i t e r a l s )

13 print ( f " { a } , { b }! " )
14

15 # using % s
16 print ( " %s , % s ! " %( a , b ) )

1 Hello , World !
2 Hello , World !
3 Hello , World !
4 Hello , World !
5 Hello , World !

3.2 Functions/methods for strings: capitalize(), upper(), lower(), len(), strip(), re-
place(), count(), isalpha(), isnumeric()

2
1 print ( " hello , wORld ! " ) # prints to the t e r m i n a l
2 print ( " hello , wORld ! " . capitalize () ) # c a p i t a l i z e s the first c h a r a c t e r
3 print ( " hello , wORld ! " . upper () ) # u p p e r c a s e s all c h a r a c t e r s
4 print ( " hello , wORld ! " . lower () ) # l o w e r c a s e s all c h a r a c t e r s
5 print ( len ( " hello , wORld ! " ) ) # get length of string
6 print ( " hello , wORld ! " . strip ( " hello , " ) ) # removes " hello , " from string
7 print ( " hello , wORld ! " . replace ( " hello " , " Bye " ) ) # r e p l a c e s " hello " with " Bye "
8 print ( " hhhh heeello ooo ! " . count ( " h " ) ) # counts the number of " h " in the string
9 print ( " 100 " . isalpha () , " hello " . isalpha () ) # checks if all char are in a l p h a b e t
10 print ( " 100 " . isnumeric () , " hello " . isnumeric () ) # checks if all char are numeric

1 hello , wORld !
2 Hello , wORld !
3 HELLO , WORLD !
4 hello , world !
5 13
6 wORld !
7 Bye , wORld !
8 5
9 False True
10 True False

3.3 Indexing strings

1 print ( " Hello , World ! " [0]) # print 1 st char

2 print ( " Hello , World ! " [ -1]) # print last char
3 print ( " Hello , World ! " [:6]) # print chars from the b e g i n n i n g until the 6 th ( e x c l u s i v e )
4 print ( " Hello , World ! " [6:]) # print the 6 th chars and onwards
5 print ( " Hello , World ! " [2:6]) # print 2 nd char until the 6 th ( e x c l u s i v e )
6 print ( " Hello , World ! " [::2]) # print a l t e r n a t e chars

1 H
2 !
3 Hello ,
4 World !
5 llo ,
6 Hlo ol !

4 Operators
4.1 Arithmetic operators

1 a , b = (10 , 4)
2 print ( a + b ) # addition
3 print ( a - b ) # subtraction
4 print ( a * b ) # multiplication
5 print ( a / b ) # division
6 print ( a ** b ) # exponentiation
7 print ( a % b ) # modulus / get r e m a i n d e r
8 print ( a // b ) # floor d i v i s i o n / get q u o t i e n t
9 print ( a ^ b ) # bitwise XOR ( prob not a s s e s s e d )

3
1 14
2 6
3 40
4 2.5
5 10000
6 2
7 2
8 14

4.2 Comparison and boolean operators

Comparison operators in python: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
Boolean operators in python: and, or, not

1 a = 1
2 b = 2
3 c = b
4 print ( a == b )
5 print ( a != b )
6 print ( a < b )
7 print ( a > b )
8 print ( a <= c )
9 print ( a >= c )
10 print ( not ( a == b ) )
11 print (( b == c ) and ( a != b ) )
12 print (( b != c ) or ( a == b ) )

1 False
2 True
3 True
4 False
5 True
6 False
7 True
8 True
9 False

5 Inputs, typecasting, encoding: int(), float(), str(), bool(), chr(),

ord(), hex(), oct()

1 foo = input ( " Some input text : " ) # input

2 bar = float ( input ( " Enter a float : " ) ) # t y p e c a s t str input to float
3

4 int_of_bar = int ( bar ) # float to int

5 print ( int_of_bar )
6 print ( float ( int_of_bar ) ) # int to float
7 print ( str ( int_of_bar ) ) # int to str
8 print ( str ( bar ) ) # float to io str
9 print ( bool ( int_of_bar ) ) # int to bool , a n y t h i n g > 0 e v a l u a t e s to True
10 print ( bool (0) ) # int 0 to bool
11 print ( chr (97) ) # ASCII to char

4
12 print ( ord ( " A " ) ) # char to ASCII
13 print ( hex (128) ) # decimal to hex
14 print ( oct (56) ) # decimal to octal

1 Some input text : # Hello !

2 Enter a float : #3.14
3 3
4 3.0
5 3
6 3.14
7 True
8 False
9 a
10 65
11 0 x80
12 0 o70

6 Conditionals: if, elif, else, nested ifs

1 temperature = 25
2

3 if temperature > 30: # if

4 print ( " It ’s hot " )
5 elif temperature > 20: # else if
6 print ( " It ’s not that hot " )
7 else : # else
8 print ( " It ’s a bit chilly " )
9

10 # nested ifs
11 if temperature > 20:
12 if temperature < 30:
13 print ( " Wear a jacket " )
14 else :
15 print ( " You may not wear a jacket " )

1 It ’ s not that hot

2 Wear a jacket

7 while loops: count-controlled, event-controlled, infinite loop

1 # count - c o n t r o l l e d while loop

2 count = 0
3 while count < 3: # stops looping when count >= 3
4 print ( count )
5 count += 1
6

7 # event - c o n t r o l l e d while loop

8 user_input = " "
9 while user_input != " exit " : # stops looping when u s e r _ i n p u t == " exit "
10 user_input = input ( " Enter a value : " )
11 print ( " You entered : " , user_input )

5
12

13 # i n f i n i t e loop ( d i s c o u r a g e d unless a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y )
14 while True :
15 # do stuff

1 0
2 1
3 2
4 Enter a value : #6
5 You entered : 6
6 Enter a value : #8
7 You entered : 8
8 Enter a value : # exit
9 You entered : exit

8 Functions

1 def multiply ( param1 : int , param2 ) : # type a n n o t a t i o n for p a r a m e t e r s is o m i s s i b l e .

2 return param1 * param2
3

4 def return_none ( param1 , param2 ) -> int : # return type a n n o t a t i o n

5 product = param1 * param2 # no return s t a t e m e n t !
6 # Therefore , f u n c t i o n returns None r e g a r d l e s s of return type a n n o t a t i o n < int >
7

8 arg1 = 5
9 arg2 = 7
10 print ( multiply ( arg1 , arg2 ) )
11 print ( return_none ( arg1 , arg2 ) )

1 35
2 None

√
9 Math library: e, π, x

1 import math # imports the math library into scope

2

3 e = math . e # euler ’s c o n s t a n t
4 pi = math . pi # pi
5 root_of_5 = math . sqrt (5) # square root f u n c t i o n
6

7 print ( e )
8 print ( pi )
9 print ( root_of_5 )
10 print ( math . ceil (5.6) )
11 print ( math . floor (5.6) )

1 2.718281828459045
2 3.141592653589793
3 2.23606797749979
4 6
5 5