The Process Of Volcanic Eruptions.
Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena that occur due to the deposition of magma in the
earth. The gases from the earth's interior are ejected with enormous force. A volcanic eruption is
a huge natural disaster. Because volcanoes are created from very powerful eruptions.
Indonesia has many active volcanoes. Active volcanoes in Indonesia include Mount Merapi,
Krakatau, Tambora, Toba, Clinch and many others. Some volcanic activity is closely related to
zones of seismic activity because of their direct relationship to the earth's plate boundaries.
The identifiable signs prior to a volcanic eruption include activity such as considerable changes
in temperature and pressure at the Earth's plate boundaries. This causes various materials in the
form of rocks around the volcano to melt.
Often, this molten rock is called magma or hot fluid. Nearby material will be channeled by
magma through cracks close to the earth's surface. Hot liquid, or magma, forms in the very hot
interior of the earth. Then with these materials, the gas is finally released so that it mixes with the
magma. Magma forms at a depth of about 60 to 120 kilometers below the surface. Then, there is
gas-laden magma around the crater. Where the magma is under pressure from the rock.
Due to this pressure, volcanoes erupt and release magma. The magma released by the eruption
then flows out of the mountain slopes and towards the earth's surface. Magma and gas explode
simultaneously, then form a hole called the main hole. From this hole, generally a lot of volcanic
material will be lifted, and when the eruption is over, the peak area of Mount Merapi will be like
a bowl, namely a crater. The main hole is located at the bottom of the crater.
Volcanic eruptions have both positive and negative effects on society and life on Earth. The
positive effect of volcanic eruptions is to make agricultural land more fertile. In addition, the
material produced from the earth's crust serves as a livelihood for the local community. Usually
it will be used for tourism of water resources and geothermal energy.
Meanwhile, the negative impacts of volcanic eruptions can have a direct or indirect impact on the
surrounding community, while the direct impact is a hazard and a threat to life. This is because
volcanic eruptions emit toxic substances, pyroclastic fallout, and hot clouds, while indirectly
affecting or influencing lava rains, damaging planting areas, and causing respiratory and other
diseases.
So, until now, one of the disasters that is quite concerning for the community is a volcanic
eruption. The intensity of a volcanic eruption can also split an island, or form a lake.
