Comprehensive Answer Key for Class 10 Science Question Papers
Answer Key for Question Paper 1
Q1 (A) Choose the correct alternative:
i. The SI unit of force is _______.
Answer: (B) Newton
Explanation: The SI unit of force is Newton, as it is defined as the force needed to accelerate
1 kg of mass by 1 m/s² (Reference: SSC-Science-1 Master Key, Page 19).
ii. The process of coating iron with zinc is called _______.
Answer: (A) Galvanization
Explanation: Galvanization prevents rusting by applying a zinc layer, which acts as a barrier
against moisture and air (Reference: SSC-Science-1 Master Key, Page 115).
iii. The atomic number of carbon is _______.
Answer: (A) 6
Explanation: Carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus, giving it an atomic number of 6
(Reference: SSC-Science-1 Master Key, Page 112).
iv. The focal length of a concave lens is _______.
Answer: (B) Negative
Explanation: The focal length of a concave lens is negative because it diverges light rays
(Reference: SSC-Science-1 Master Key, Page 147).
v. Light splits into its constituent colors due to _______.
Answer: (B) Dispersion
Explanation: Dispersion occurs when light separates into a spectrum while passing through
a medium (Reference: SSC-Science-1 Master Key, Page 126).
Answer Key for Question Paper 2
Q1 (A) Choose the correct alternative:
i. The unit of work is _______.
Answer: (A) Joule
Explanation: Work is measured in joules, defined as the energy transferred when a force is
applied over a distance.
ii. A layer of tin is coated on metals in the process of _______.
Answer: (B) Tinning
Explanation: Tinning involves applying a thin layer of tin to metals to protect against
corrosion.
iii. The atomic number of oxygen is _______.
Answer: (B) 8
Explanation: Oxygen has 8 protons, which gives it an atomic number of 8.
iv. The power of a lens with focal length -20 cm is _______.
Answer: (B) -5 D
Explanation: Power (P) = 100 / f (in cm). For f = -20 cm, P = -5 D.
v. Sound cannot travel through _______.
Answer: (D) Vacuum
Explanation: Sound requires a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate and cannot travel
in a vacuum.
Q1 (B) Answer the following:
i. Write the molecular formula of water.
Answer: H₂O
Explanation: Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
ii. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
Answer: 3 × 10⁸ m/s
Explanation: The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and represented as 'c'.
iii. Define the term 'refractive index'.
Answer: The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a
given medium.
iv. Identify the functional group in aldehydes.
Answer: -CHO
Explanation: Aldehydes contain the carbonyl group (-C=O) attached to a hydrogen atom.
v. Write one use of a convex mirror.
Answer: Convex mirrors are used in vehicle rear-view mirrors to provide a wider field of
view.
Q2 (A) Give scientific reasons (any two):
i. Copper is used to make electrical wires.
Explanation: Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity due to its low resistance and
high ductility.
ii. Planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
Explanation: The gravitational force between the Sun and planets, along with their
tangential velocity, results in elliptical orbits (Kepler's First Law).
iii. A ball dropped from a height falls to the ground.
Explanation: A ball falls to the ground due to the gravitational force exerted by Earth.
Q2 (B) Answer the following (any three):
i. State the universal law of gravitation.
Answer: Every two objects in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to
the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
ii. Define acceleration due to gravity and state its value on Earth.
Answer: Acceleration due to gravity (g) is the acceleration experienced by an object due to
Earth's gravitational force. Its value is approximately 9.8 m/s².
iii. Explain the concept of centripetal force with an example.
Answer: Centripetal force is the force acting toward the center of a circular path that keeps
an object in circular motion.
Example: The gravitational force between Earth and the Moon.
iv. What is meant by periodicity in the periodic table?
Answer: Periodicity refers to the recurring trends in the properties of elements as a
function of their atomic numbers.
Q3 Answer the following (any five):
i. Write the differences between metals and non-metals.
- Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity; non-metals are insulators.
- Metals are malleable and ductile; non-metals are brittle.
- Metals have high melting and boiling points; non-metals have lower melting and boiling
points.
ii. Explain the process of electroplating.
Answer: Electroplating is the process of depositing a layer of metal onto a conductive
surface using electrolysis. It is used to improve appearance and resist corrosion.
iii. What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting and boiling points.
- Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state.
- Soluble in water.
iv. Describe the construction of a simple electric circuit.
Answer: A simple electric circuit consists of a power source (battery), a conducting path
(wires), and a load (bulb or resistor).
v. Explain the heating effect of electric current.
Answer: The heating effect occurs when electric current flows through a resistor,
converting electrical energy into heat energy. Example: Electric heaters.
vi. Draw a diagram showing the dispersion of light through a prism.
**Diagram:** Draw a prism splitting white light into a spectrum (VIBGYOR).
Q4 Solve the following (any one):
i. A car is traveling at a speed of 60 km/h. If it applies brakes and comes to rest in 5 seconds,
calculate the acceleration.
Answer: Acceleration (a) = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time
Convert velocity: 60 km/h = 16.67 m/s
Final velocity = 0 m/s
Time = 5 s
Acceleration = (0 - 16.67) / 5 = -3.33 m/s².
ii. Draw a neat diagram of the water cycle and label its parts.
**Diagram:** Include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
