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Capstone 5 Done

Coepd cpastone 3 prep 1

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
84 views23 pages

Capstone 5 Done

Coepd cpastone 3 prep 1

Uploaded by

Chandra Shekhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1:- USE CASE DIAGRAM

Payment Application

-End27
* Registration
«uses» «extends»
«uses» *
-End1
-End38
*
Pnone Number Email Facebook
-End28

* -End4 *
-End3
-End5
-End7
-End9 -End18
«uses» -End20 **
-End2 Login «uses»
* -End40*
** -End21
-End23 Server
*** -End25
ID/ Username
* Password
Customer

-End6

Search Product
*
-End8

*
Order Product

-End10
-End11
-End37 -End39
* *
Payment
*
*
-End12
-End41 -End14
*
Cash Net Banking *
-End16 *
Merchant *

Bank
Card Wallet

-End13
-End22
*
* «uses»
Select card Enter Credentials
-End17
*

Validate Card
Credentials

-End15
*
-End24
*
«uses»
Select Netbanking
-End19 Enter Credentials
*

Validate Net
Babking Credentials
* -End26
-End42
*

Logout
2:-
Boundary Class Customer Registration Boundary
Customer Login Boundary
Customer Search product Boundary
Customer Order Product Boundary
Customer Payment Boundary
Customer Cardpayment Boundary
Customer Cashpayment Boundary
Customer walletpayment Boundary
Customer Netbankingpayment Boundary
Customer Logout Boundary
Merchant Registration Boundary
Merchant Login Boundary
Merchant Logout Boundary
Bank server loginBoundary
Bank server validation Boundary
Bank server Logout
Controller Class Registration Controller
Login Controller
Paymentinitiated Controller
Cardpayment Controller
Netbanking Controller
Credential Controller
Validation Controller
Logout Controller
Entity Class Customer
Merchant
Server
Bank
Cash
Card
Wallet
Netbanking

3:- 3-Tier Architecture


Application Layer Customer Registration Boundary
( Boundary Class) Customer Login Boundary
Customer Search product Boundary
Customer Order Product Boundary
Customer Payment Boundary
Customer Cardpayment Boundary
Customer Cashpayment Boundary
Customer walletpayment Boundary
Customer Netbankingpayment Boundary
Customer Logout Boundary
Merchant Registration Boundary
Merchant Login Boundary
Merchant Logout Boundary
Bank server loginBoundary
Bank server validation Boundary
Bank server Logout
Business Logic Layer Registration Controller
(Controller Class) Login Controller
Payment Controller
Cardpayment Controller
Netbanking Controller
Credential Controller
Validation Controller
Logout Controller
Data Layer Customer
(Entity Class) Merchant
Server
Bank
Cash
Card
Wallet
Netbanking

4:- Domain Model –


A domain model is a conceptual representation of the entities, relationships,
and rules within a specific domain or problem space in software development.
It helps software engineers, business analysts, and stakeholders understand
and communicate the structure and flow of information relevant to the
business area they are trying to model.
Components of a Domain Model
1. Entities: Key objects or concepts within the domain (e.g., Customer,
Order).
2. Relationships: Connections between entities (e.g., a Customer can place
an Order).
3. Attributes: Properties of each entity (e.g., Order has a Date, Customer
has a Name).
4. Business Rules and Constraints: Rules governing the domain (e.g., an
Order must have at least one Product).

Purpose of a Domain Model


1. Clarity and Communication
2. Requirements Gathering
3. Foundation for System Design
4. Improving Flexibility and Adaptability
Customer Bank
PK Customer ID PK Bank Name

Customer Name Location


Contact Detail Branch Code
Address
Account No.

Payment Account
PK Payment Id PK Account No.

Amount Type
Payment Date Balance
Status Account Holder Name

Net Banking Service Authentication

PK Authentication PK User Name

Fund transfer Password


Transaction History OTP
Fund Management

Transaction

PK Transaction

Receipient
Amount
Timestamp

5:- Sequence Diagram:-


A sequence diagram is a type of Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram
that illustrates how objects in a system interact with one another over time. It
visually represents the sequence of messages exchanged between these
objects, typically during a particular use case or scenario. Sequence diagrams
are used in software development, especially during the design phase, to
model and document the behaviour of systems.
Uses Of Sequence Diagram are in Modelling Use Cases, Explaining System
Interactions, Validating Requirements, Design and Documentation and
Debugging and Maintenance.

Net Banking/ Payment


Customer Web Application Bank
Gaterway

Click on Login Button (corrct attributes)

Display Home Page()

Display Options()

Customer selects Transaction Option

Process Payment Options

Request for Money

Transaction

Ask For Amount()

Customer Confirms Anount


Process IT

Process , forwards and save history

Bank Validates

Validation Successful
Transaction Successful

Sends Syccess SMS or Email()


Logout

6:- Conceptual Model:- A conceptual model is a simplified, abstract


representation of a system, process, or phenomenon. It is used to visualize,
understand, and communicate how different components of a system interact
with one another. Conceptual models are widely employed in various fields,
including engineering, software development, environmental science, and
business, to clarify complex systems.

A conceptual model for net banking represents the high-level structure of how
customers interact with an online banking system. It highlights the key entities,
processes, and relationships without delving into technical implementation
details. Here's an explanation of its components within the context of net
banking
Components of a Conceptual Model For NetBanking
1 -Entities/Objects- Customer, Bank System, Accounts, Transactions, Third
Parties
2- Attributes/Properties
Customer: User ID, name, authentication credentials (e.g., password or OTP).
Accounts: Account number, balance, account type (savings or checking).
Transactions: Transaction ID, amount, type (credit or debit), timestamp.
3- Relationships
A customer can have one or more accounts.
Accounts are linked to the bank system for management.
A transaction is initiated by the customer and affects one or more accounts.
Third parties are linked for payments and external transfers.
4- Processes/Functions
Login/Authentication: Customers log in using secure credentials.
Account Management: View account details, download statements, etc.
Transactions
Customer Support: Interaction with support systems for resolving queries.
Notifications: Alerts for successful transactions, low balance, etc.
5- Boundaries/Scope
Included: Customer interactions, transaction processing, and third-party
integrations.
Excluded: Internal technical processes (e.g., server management, database
operations).
6-Inputs and Outputs
Inputs: Customer credentials, transaction details (amount, payee), and
instructions.
Outputs: Account balance, transaction receipts, and notifications.
7- Assumptions and Constraints
Customers must have internet access and valid login credentials.
Transactions are subject to daily limits and bank regulations.
Third-party payments depend on external system availability.

Conceptual Model Representation


• Customer → Bank System: The customer accesses the system via a
secure login.
• Bank System → Customer Accounts: Provides details of linked accounts.
• Customer → Transactions: Initiates operations like fund transfers or bill
payments.
• Bank System → Third Parties: Facilitates payments through secure APIs.
• Bank System → Notifications: Sends confirmation messages to the
customer

7:- MVC ARCHITECTURE


MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a software design pattern used to separate
concerns within an application, allowing each component to focus on specific
tasks. It is commonly used in web applications, desktop applications, and
mobile app development.
Components of MVC:
1. Model: Represents the data and business logic of the application.
Handles data-related operations, such as fetching, saving, or updating
records. Independent of the user interface, meaning it can function
without any direct knowledge of the view or the controller.
2. View: Represents the user interface (UI) of the application. Displays data
to the user and presents the output generated by the Model. It only
receives data from the Model through the Controller, without directly
accessing or manipulating it.
3. Controller: Acts as an intermediary between the Model and the View.
Takes user input from the View, processes it, and instructs the Model to
update if necessary. Responsible for updating the View when the
Model's data changes, ensuring data flows correctly throughout the
system.
Purpose of MVC:
MVC helps make applications more organized, maintainable, and testable by
clearly separating different concerns. This separation of duties enables easier
modifications, testing, and collaboration across teams.
Rules Derive the Classes from the Use Case Diagram-
a. Combination of one actor and an use case results in one boundary
class.
b. Combination of two actor and an use case results in two boundary
classes.
c. Combination of three actor and an use results in three boundary
classes and so on….
d. Use case will result in a controller class.
e. Each actor will result in an entity class.
Guidelines to place classes in 3-Tier Architecture-
Presentation Layer – This layer is nothing but a user interface. View is inside
this layer. These classes interact directly with the user. Presentation layer is
responsible for displaying information and also receiving the input from the
user.
Application Layer – This layer is nothing but business logic. Model and
Controller are inside this layer. Controller handles the user input, process the
request and co-ordinates interaction between the model and view.
Data Layer – Classes which are responsible for data access and storage are in
this layer. It contains the classes which interacts with the database , files and
other data sources.

8:- Role of a BA in Waterfall


Stages Activities Attributes & Resources

Pre Project Enterprise Analysis – SWOT analysis, GAP Business case


analysis, market research, feasibility study, SOW(statement of work)
root cause analysis, decision analysis, strategy PO(Purchase order)
analysis, enterprise architectural framework, Sr. BA, Business
project scope, business case writing and risk archtects presale
analysis. consultants
Planning, 1-Understand assumption and constraints PM
Estimation & along business rule and business goals. Sr. BA
Assessment 2-Plan packages for big projects.
3-Understand the project plan from PM
4-BA conducts stakeholder analysis
5-Plan BA approach strategy for this project.
Req. Gathering 1-Stakeholders identify and document BRD
2-Client gives BRD or BA prepares BRD by BA
interacting with clients by brainstorming, PM
document analysis, reverse engg., interviews,
workshops, focus groups, observation and
questionaries
3- Prototyping can be used by BA to make the
client to give more specific req.
4- Sort gathered req.
5-Prioritize req.- MOSCOW
6-Validate Req- FURPS
Req. Analysis 1-Draw UML Diagrams (use case and Activity Functional Req
diagrams) Specification
2- Prepare functional req. from business req. SSD
3- All architects comes up with technical req SRS
(SSD) RTM
4- SRS will have functional req and technical BA
req. PM
Solution -Architect
5-Takes signoff on SRS from client . SRS is the DB-Architect
first legal binding Doc between the business NW-Architect
and the technical team
6-BA prepared RTM from SRS before design
phase starts.
7-BA traces how req are dealt in each phase of
development life cycle from design till UAT.
Design 1-From use case diagram, test manager or BA Solution Document
will prepare test cases. Design Document -HDD-
2-Communicate with client on the design and ADD
solution document (update status to client BA
and then understand how solution would look PM
like) Solution -Architect
3-BA will initiate the preparation of end user DB- Architect
manuals. NW-Architect
4- Updates RTM GUI-Architect
5-From use case diagram solution-Architect Test Manager
recommends architecture of the IT solution
6-DB Architect uses persistence classes (entity
classes) and comes up with ER diagram or DB
schema
7-GUI Designer will look into transient classes
(boundary classes) and designs all possible
screens for the IT solution
Coding 1-BA organises JAD sessions LDD-CDD
2-BA clarifies queries of technical team during Application
coding Development Team
3-Developers refers diagram and BA
transient(controller classes) of BA and code PM
their unit
4-Update end user manuals
5-Update RTM
6-Conducts regular status meetings with
technical team and the client and tuning client
for participation in UAT
Testing 1-BA prepares test cases from use cases or Test concerning
assists test manager to do so documents
2-BA performs high level testing Application with less
3-BA prepares client for UAT errors
4-Test data is requested by BA from client Testing Team
5-Updatrs end user manuals BA
6-Updates RTM PM
7-Take signoff from client on client project Client
acceptance form
Deployment & 1-Forward RTM to client or the PM which
implementation should be attached to the project closure
report
2-Coordinates to complete and share end user
manuals
3-Plans and organises training sessions for end
users
4-Prepares lessons learned from this project

9:- Conflict Management


Conflict management is the process of identifying and addressing
disagreements or disputes in a constructive way to ensure effective resolution
and maintain positive relationships. It focuses on understanding the underlying
issues, promoting communication, and finding mutually acceptable solutions
while minimizing negative impacts.
Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Management Model
The Thomas-Kilmann Technique, often referred to as the Thomas-Kilmann
Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), is a tool designed to help individuals and
organizations understand how they handle conflicts and improve their conflict
management skills.
Developed by Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann in the
1970s, the technique identifies five distinct conflict-handling styles based on
two dimensions:
1. Assertiveness: The degree to which a person seeks to satisfy their own
concerns.
2. Cooperativeness: The degree to which a person seeks to satisfy the
concerns of others.
Effective conflict management involves recognising the existence of conflicts,
actively listening to the concerns of all the parties involved, seeking common
ground, and working towards collaborative solutions that meet the needs of
everyone.
The Five Conflict-Handling Modes
1. Competing: High Assertiveness, Low Cooperativeness Focus on Winning
the conflict or achieving personal goals, often at the expense of others.
Example: A manager imposing a decision without consulting the team.
Use: In emergencies or when a decisive stance is necessary.
2. Collaborating: High Assertiveness, High Cooperativeness Focus on
Working together to find a win-win solution that satisfies all parties.
Example: A team brainstorming solutions to meet everyone's needs. Use:
When the issue is complex, and a creative or integrative solution is
possible.
3. Compromising: Moderate Assertiveness, Moderate Cooperativeness
Focus on Finding a middle ground where each party gives up something.
Example: Two coworkers agreeing to share resources equally despite
differing priorities. Use: When time is limited, and an acceptable,
balanced resolution is needed.
4. Avoiding: Low Assertiveness, Low Cooperativeness Focus on
Withdrawing from or sidestepping the conflict. Example: A person
ignoring a minor disagreement to focus on bigger priorities. Use: When
the conflict is trivial or emotions are too high to resolve it constructively.
5. Accommodating: Low Assertiveness, High Cooperativeness Focus on
Prioritizing the other person’s needs over one’s own. Example: Agreeing
to a colleague’s preference for the sake of harmony. Use: When
maintaining relationships is more important than the outcome.

10:- Reasons for Failure of Project


1. Improper Requirements Gathering - Failure to gather accurate,
complete, and clear requirements from stakeholders can lead to the
development of a product or solution that doesn’t meet the project's
needs. Consequences can be Deliverables may not solve the actual
problems or align with user expectations. Increased costs and timelines
due to rework.
2. Continuous Change in Requirements - Frequent and unplanned changes
to project requirements, also known as scope creep, disrupt the project
timeline, budget, and overall focus. Consequences can be Delays in
project delivery as teams must adapt to the new requirements. Budget
overruns due to additional work and resource allocation. Decreased
team morale due to constant shifts in priorities.
3. Lack of User Involvement - When end-users or primary stakeholders are
not engaged during project planning, development, or testing phases,
the project may fail to address their needs. Consequences can be
Deliverables may be irrelevant or unusable for the intended audience.
Resistance to adoption, as users feel excluded from the process.
Additional costs to modify the product post-launch to fit user
expectations.
4. Lack of Executive Support - Without strong backing from senior
leadership, projects often lack the authority, resources, and direction
needed for success. Consequences can be Insufficient funding and
resources to execute the project effectively. Difficulty resolving conflicts
or making critical decisions.
5. Unrealistic Expectations - Unrealistic expectations regarding timelines,
budgets, or deliverables can put undue pressure on the project team and
set the project up for failure. Consequences can be Missed deadlines and
deliverables due to overestimated capabilities or underestimated
complexities. Poor-quality outcomes due to rushed work. Frustration and
burnout among team members.
6. Improper Planning - Insufficient or flawed planning leads to a lack of
clarity on objectives, resources, schedules, and risks, increasing the
likelihood of project failure. Consequences can be Misaligned priorities
and inefficient use of resources. Overlooked risks that cause delays or
additional expenses. Difficulty tracking progress and identifying
bottlenecks.
7. External Factors - Shifts in market demand, competition, or customer
preferences. Budget cuts or economic downturns impacting funding.
Unforeseen compliance requirements or legal challenges.

11:- Challenges faced by BA in a Project


1- Unclear or Evolving Requirements - Stakeholders may not have a clear
vision of what they want, leading to ambiguous or incomplete
requirements. Frequent changes in requirements during the project
lifecycle (scope creep) create rework and delays.
2- Lack of Stakeholder Engagement - Stakeholders may be unresponsive or
unavailable, making it difficult to gather input and validate requirements.
Differences in priorities among stakeholders can lead to conflicts or
delays in decision-making.
3- Communication Gaps - Miscommunication or lack of a shared
understanding between technical teams and non-technical stakeholders.
Difficulty in translating business needs into technical specifications and
vice versa.
4- Time Constraints - Limited time to gather and analyze requirements
thoroughly. Tight project deadlines leave little room for addressing
unforeseen issues or changes.
5- Changing Business Priorities - Organizational or market changes can
shift project priorities, rendering earlier requirements irrelevant.
Adjusting to new business goals can disrupt planned deliverables and
timelines.
6- Managing Expectations- Stakeholders may have unrealistic expectations
regarding timelines, budgets, or deliverables. Balancing diverse and
sometimes conflicting stakeholder needs while aligning them with
project goals.
7- Technical Limitations - Constraints in technology or existing systems
may limit the feasibility of proposed solutions. Lack of technical
understanding among stakeholders can complicate discussions about
system capabilities.
8- Resource Limitations - Insufficient access to subject matter experts
(SMEs), tools, or data needed for analysis. Limited budget or team
capacity to implement all requested features or changes.
9- Resistance to Change - Stakeholders or end-users may resist adopting
new systems or processes due to fear of disruption or lack of training.
Convincing stakeholders of the value and necessity of proposed solutions
can be challenging.
10- Documentation Challenges - Maintaining comprehensive and up-to-
Date documentation amid frequent changes. Balancing the level of
details required for stakeholders bersus technical teams

12:- Document Naming Standard


A document naming standard is systematic approach to assigning unique
identification to various documents created and used throughout the
development process. It ensures that everyone in an organization can easily
find, recognize, and understand the contents or purpose of a file based on
its name alone.
Key Elements of a Document Naming Standard
1. Descriptive Name: The file name should indicate the document's
contents, purpose, or version.
2. Date Format: Including dates in a consistent format (e.g., YYYY-MM-DD)
helps track versions or updates.
3. Version Control: Including version numbers or indicators like "v1" or
"FINAL" helps track document revisions.
4. Project or Department Prefixes: Including project names, department
codes, or client initials can identify documents relevant to specific teams
or clients.
5. Underscores or Hyphens for Separation: Use underscores or hyphens
instead of spaces to improve compatibility with different systems.
All documents will be named using some standards like
[ProjectID][Document Type]V[X]D[Y].ex
Components:
• [ProjectName]: The name of the project or code, e.g., "ProjectPhoenix"
• [DocumentType]: The type of document, such as "Proposal," "Report,"
"MeetingNotes," or "Invoice"
• [Date]: The date in YYYY-MM-DD format
• [Version]: The document version, e.g., "v1", "v2", or "FINAL"
• [FileExtension]: The file extension, such as .docx, .pdf, or .xlsx

Proposal Document
ProjectPhoenix_Proposal_2023-09-12_v1.docx
Project Report
ProjectPhoenix_Report_2023-10-01_FINAL.pdf

13:- DO’s and DONT’s of a Business Analyist


Never say NO to client
Never imagine anything in terms of GUI
There is NO word called as “By Default”
Consult an SME for clarifications in Requirements
Question the existence of existence/question in the world. What client gives is
not always correct.
Every problem of client is unique. No two problem of different client are same.
May be approach, technology, place of use, local laws may be varied to make
them to be different.
Go to client with plain with no assumption. Listen carefully until client is done
and then you can ask your queries. Please do not interrupt client, when he/she
is giving you the problem.
Maximum try to extract the leads of solution from the client itself. Never try to
give solution to client straight away with your previous experience and
assumption.
Try to concentrate on the important and truly requirement .
Don’t be washed away by add on functionalities or don’t imagine solutions on
screen basis.

14:- Packages and subsystem


Package:- Collection of Components which are not reusable in nature. A
package is a grouping mechanism that organizes elements such as classes,
interfaces, or other packages into a logical collection. It is commonly used in
software design to modularize systems for better manageability and reusability.
Packages are Used in Unified Modelling Language (UML) and Programming.
Subsystems:- Collection of Components which are reusable in nature. A
subsystem represents a higher-level component or functional unit within a
system that encapsulates a set of related functionalities or services. It is
essentially a smaller system within a larger system. Purpose of Subsystems are
Modularity, Encapsulation and Scalability

Packages Subsystem
Purpose Group related components for Represent a functional unit within
organization and reuse. the system.
Scope Logical grouping within a system. Functional grouping with well-
defined interfaces.
Encapsulation Can provide limited encapsulation. Stronger encapsulation of
functionality
Interaction May not directly interact with Interacts with other subsystems or
external components. the main system
Usage Example Grouping classes in a library. A module like "Payment
Processing."

15:- Camel Casing - Camel casing is a naming convention in which words are
concatenated without spaces, and each word after the first begins with a
capital letter. The name resembles the humps of a camel, hence the term
"camel case."
There are two primary forms of camel casing:
1. Lower Camel Case - The first letter of the first word is lowercase, and the
first letter of subsequent words is uppercase.
Example: employeeName, totalPrice, calculateSalary
2. Upper Camel Case (also known as Pascal Case)- The first letter of every
word, including the first, is uppercase.
Example: EmployeeName, TotalPrice, CalculateSalary

Camel casing is one of the most widely used conventions in modern


programming, particularly in languages that emphasize object-oriented design.
Its structured readability makes it an essential part of clean code practices. It
promotes consistency within the codebase and improves collaboration among
team members. Camel casing is commonly used in programming, particularly in
languages like Java, C#, JavaScript, and Python.

16:- Development Server


A development server is an environment used during the software
development process where code is written, tested, and debugged before
moving to staging or production servers. It is specifically designed for
developers and teams to collaborate on building and refining software.
Accesses a Business Analyst (BA) Might Have on a Development Server
The access levels of a BA to a development server depend on the organization's
policies, the BA's role, and the project requirements. Typically, a BA has limited
or read-only access, focusing on observation, validation, and documentation
rather than active development.
1. Read-Only Access- View application builds, features, and workflows as
implemented on the server. Useful for verifying that requirements are
correctly translated into functionality.
2. Test Data Management- Ability to create, modify, or analyze test data for
functional validation. This is crucial for conducting user acceptance
testing (UAT).
3. Log or Debugging Access (Limited)- Access to logs to check system
behavior during requirements validation. Example: Observing error
codes or transaction logs to identify issues.
4. Testing Access- Execute test cases to validate features against business
requirements. Often through frontend interfaces or testing tools
connected to the server.
5. Report or Issue Tracking- Use integrated tools (like Jira, Bugzilla, or Azure
DevOps) to report issues or track progress based on observations in the
development server.
What BAs Typically Don’t Have
• Write or Admin Access: BAs generally don’t have permissions to alter
configurations, deploy code, or make changes to the development
server.
• Database Control: Limited or no access to directly modify databases; any
data-related tasks are typically handled through predefined interfaces.

17:- Data Mapping:-


Data mapping is the process of creating a connection or relationship between
data fields from one source to corresponding data fields in a target system. It
ensures that data is correctly transformed and transferred between systems,
formats, or databases, maintaining its structure, meaning, and usability.
Data mapping is crucial in various operations, including data integration,
migration, transformation, and warehousing. The goal is to ensure seamless
communication and compatibility between different systems or databases.
Applications of Data Mapping are-
Data Integration - Combining data from multiple sources into a unified system
or database.
Data Migration - Transferring data from one system to another, often during
system upgrades or replacements
Data Transformation - Converting data into a different format or structure
during the mapping process.
Data Warehousing - Preparing and mapping data for storage in a data
warehouse for analysis and reporting.

Types of Data Mapping


1. Manual Mapping- Performed by humans using tools like spreadsheets
or data visualization tools. Suitable for small datasets or straightforward
mappings.
2. Automated Mapping- Uses specialized tools or scripts to automatically
map data between systems. Ideal for large-scale or complex projects.
3. Schema Mapping- Focuses on aligning the schemas (structures) of the
source and target databases. Example: Mapping tables, columns, and
relationships between relational databases.
4. Field-to-Field Mapping -Maps individual fields in the source to their
corresponding fields in the target. Example: Mapping EmployeeID in
source to Emp_ID in the target.

18:- Application Programming Interface (API)


An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules, protocols, and
tools that allows different software applications to communicate and interact
with each other. APIs provide a standardized way for one application to request
and exchange data or functionality from another application or service.
How API Integration Works
API integration connects two or more applications by allowing them to
exchange data or functionalities. This involves:
1. Understanding API Documentation - Review the source application's API
documentation to understand available endpoints, request/response
formats, and authentication.
2. Establishing Connection - Use programming languages like Python, Java,
or tools like Postman to interact with the API.
3. Sending Requests - Use HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE
to interact with the API.
4. Handling Responses - Parse the response data (often JSON or XML) and
process it in your application.
Case: Handling Date Format in API Integration
Your application (App A) uses the date format DD-MM-YYYY. It needs to
integrate with another application (App B) from the US, which uses the date
format MM-DD-YYYY. Both applications share data through an API.
Establish API Communication: Set up an API communication between your
application and the other application to exchange data.
Data Formatting: When sending date data from your application to the other
application, convert the date from the dd-mm-yyyy format to the mm-dd-yyyy
format. This can be achieved by extracting the day, month, and year
components from the date and rearranging them according to the target
format.
Data Parsing: When receiving date data from the other application, parse the
mm-dd-yyyy formatted date into your application’s dd-mm-yyyy format. Again
you will need to extract the day, momth, and year components and rearrange
them accordingly.
Data Validation: perform data validation and ensure that the converted date
remains valid after the format conversion. Check for edge cases, such as invalid
dated or date ranges that might be affected by the format conversion, and
handles them appropriately.

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