Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

Chapter 17 Linear Programming

Quick Check
∴
Quick Check (p.17.3)
1. L.H.S. = (0)
R.H.S. = 2(0) + 2
= (2)
∴ L.H.S. ( > / < ) R.H.S.

 y  2x + 2

2. L.H.S. = 2(2) + 2(0) – 3

= (1)
R.H.S. = (0)
∴ L.H.S. ( > / < ) R.H.S.

 2x + 2y – 3 > 0

3. L.H.S. = (0)
R.H.S. = –2(–1)
= (2)
∴ L.H.S. ( > / < ) R.H.S.

 x < –2y

4. L.H.S. = (3)
R.H.S. = 3(0)
= (0)
∴ L.H.S. ( > / < ) R.H.S.

 y  3x

Quick Check (p.17.11)

1. When x = 0 and y = 3,

2x – y + 2 = –1

<0

2. When x = –4 and y = 0,

x + 2y + 3 = –1

<0

x – 2y = –4

<0

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

Practice
Practice D17.1 (p.17.4)
Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
L.H.S. = 4(0) – 3(0) + 12 = 12
R.H.S. = 0
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0) is the
solution region.
y
4x – 3y + 12 = 0
4

x
–2 0
–4

Practice D17.2 (p.17.5)

(a) From the graph, slope =

= –4
∴ m = –4
(b)  Choose (1, 0) in the shaded region.
Put (1, 0) into y = –4x + 2.
L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = –4(1) + 2 = –2
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
 The straight line is a dotted line.
The required inequality is y > –4x + 2.

Practice D17.3 (p.17.12)

x – 2y + 2 = 0
y= +1

x –2 0 2
y 0 1 2

y x=2 x – 2y + 2 = 0

x
0
–2 –1 1 2
–1

–2

x + 2y + 2 = 0

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

Practice D17.4 (p.17.13)

 Choose (4, 0) in the shaded region.
The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x + 2y = 0, x
(i) Put (4, 0) into y = –2x + 10.
– 2y + 4 = 0 and x = 0.
L.H.S. = 0
 x  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
R.H.S. = 2
 Choose (0, 1) in the shaded region.
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
(i) Put (0, 1) into x + 2y = 0.
L.H.S. = 2 ∴ y  –2x + 10 is one of the inequalities.

R.H.S. = 0 (ii) Put (4, 0) into y = x + 10.

∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 0
∴ x + 2y  0 is one of the inequalities.
(ii) Put (0, 1) into x – 2y + 4 = 0. R.H.S. =
L.H.S. = 2
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. ∴ y x + 10 is one of the inequalities.
∴ x – 2y + 4  0 is one of the inequalities.

The required system of inequalities is . The required system of inequalities is .

Practice D17.5 (p.17.14)

Practice D17.7 (p.17.26)
The region is bounded by 4 straight lines 2y = x, x = 0, y = 2
and y = 4. (a) y

 x  0 and 2  y  4 are inequalities in the system. 3 x – 6y + 15 = 0

 Choose (0, 2) in the shaded region.
Put (0, 2) into 2y = x. 2 x – 2y = 0

L.H.S. = 4
1
R.H.S. = 0
5x + 4y + 7 = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. x
0
∴ 2y  x is one of the inequalities. –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1 3x – y – 6 = 0
The required system of inequalities is .
–2

–3
Practice D17.6 (p.17.16)

Slope of L2 = (b) Method 1

Draw the straight line x – 2y = k on the above figure,
where k is a constant.
=
Refer to the graph, P attains its maximum value at (1, –3)
and its minimum value at (–3, 2).
The equation of L2 is y = x + 10. ∴ Maximum value of P = 1 – 2(–3) = 7

The region is bounded by 3 straight lines y = 0, L1 and L2. Minimum value of P = –3 – 2(2) = –7

 y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system. Method 2

The vertices of the shaded region are the points (1, –3), (–
3, 2) and (3, 3).
At (1, –3), P = 1 – 2(–3) = 7
At (–3, 2), P = –3 – 2(2) = –7
At (3, 3), P = 3 – 2(3) = –3

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

∴ Maximum value of P = 7
Sketch the line A = 9 on the given graph as follows.
Minimum value of P = –7 y

10 T
Practice D17.8 (p.17.28)
Let A = 5x – 3y + 120. 5 Q
R A=9
Method 1
S P
x
O 6 12
Slope of PQ = , slope of QR = –3.
Refer to the graph, A attains its least value at the point P.

Slope of the line A = 120 is , which is greater than the slopes ∵ Coordinates of P = (12, 0)
∴ The required least value = 6(0) – 3(12) + 9
of PQ and QR.
= –27
Sketch the line A = 120 on the given graph as follows.
y Method 2
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R and S.
P
Q ∵ TR = RS (intercept theorem)

∴ Coordinates of R = ( , 5) = (3, 5)

∵ TQ = QP (intercept theorem)
x
O A = 120 R
∴ Coordinates of Q = ( , 5) = (6, 5)
Refer to the graph, A attains its greatest value at R.
Coordinates of R = (6, 0) At P(12, 0), A = 6(0) – 3(12) + 9 = –27

∴ The required greatest value = 5(6) – 3(0) + 120 At Q(6, 5), A = 6(5) – 3(6) + 9 = 21

= 150 At R(3, 5), A = 6(5) – 3(3) + 9 = 30

Method 2 At S(6, 0), A = 6(0) – 3(6) + 9 = –9

The vertices of the shaded region are the points O, P, Q and R. ∴ A attains its least value at the point P and the least value is
–27.

Practice D17.10 (p.17.39)

Solving the equations, we have x = 5 and y = 3. (a) The constraints are
∴ Coordinates of Q = (5, 3)
Coordinates of P = (0, 5)
Coordinates of R = (6, 0) .

At O(0, 0), A = 5(0) – 3(0) + 120 = 120

At P(0, 5), A = 5(0) – 3(5) + 120 = 105
(b) y x=0
At Q(5, 3), A = 5(5) – 3(3) + 120 = 136
At R(6, 0), A = 5(6) – 3(0) + 120 = 150 60

∴ The required greatest value is 150.

50

Practice D17.9 (p.17.29) 40

Let A = 6y – 3x + 9.
Method 1 30

Slope of the line A = 9 is , which is positive. 20

10

y=0
x
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
6x + 5y = 0 x + y = 50
10x + 8y = 460

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

(c) Denote the total cost by $P.

Denote the total profit for producing desks by $P.
P = 6x + 5y
Then P = 400x + 600y.
Draw the straight line 6x + 5y = k on the above figure, y
where k is a constant. (Slope of the straight line 6x + 5y = 0
is , which lies between and –1.)
L1: x + 2y = 40 L2: 2x + y = 50
(0, 20)
Refer to the figure, P attains its minimum value at (30, 20).
∴ Minimum value of P = 6(30) + 5(20)
(20, 10)
= 280
∴ The manufacturer should mix 30 kg of rice A and
20 kg of rice B in order to get a minimum cost of
$280. x
O (25, 0)
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are the
Practice D17.11 (p.17.42) points (0, 0), (0, 20), (25, 0) and (20, 10).

(a) (i) Slope of L1 = At (0, 0), P = 400(0) + 600(0) = 0

At (0, 20), P = 400(0) + 600(20) = 12 000

= At (25, 0), P = 400(25) + 600(0) = 10 000

At (20, 10), P = 400(20) + 600(10) = 14 000
The equation of L1 is ∵ The maximum profit is $14 000.

y= x + 20 ∴ The claim is agreed.

2y = –x + 40
x + 2y – 40 = 0
Try More
(ii)  x  0 and y  0 are inequalities in the system.
Try More (p.17.4)
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
Consider the equation y = x – 5, slope = 1.
∴
(I) Put (0, 0) into x + 2y = 40.
The answer is either A or C.
L.H.S. = 0
Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
R.H.S. = 40
L.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
R.H.S. = –5
∴ x + 2y  40 is one of the
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0) is the
inequalities.
solution region.
∴
(II) Put (0, 0) into 2x + y = 50.
The answer is C.
L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = 50
Try More (p.17.12)
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
The region is bounded by 3 straight lines y = x + 2, 5x + y = 36
∴ 2x + y  50 is one of the and y = 2.
inequalities.  y  2 is one of the inequalities in the system.
 Choose (1, 2) in the shaded region.

The required system of inequalities is . (i) Put (1, 2) into y = x + 2.

L.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = 3
(b) Let x and y be the numbers of desks A and B produced ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
that monthly respectively.
∴ y  x + 2 is one of the inequalities.
Then the constraints are
(ii) Put (1, 2) into 5x + y = 36.
. L.H.S. = 7
R.H.S. = 36
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ 5x + y  36 is one of the inequalities.

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

Try More (p.17.27)

The required system of inequalities is . Let A = 3y – 5x – 10.
The vertices of the shaded region are the points O, P, Q and R.
Since (h, k) is a point lying in the shaded region, we have

. Solving the equations, we have x = 4 and y = 2.

∴ Coordinates of Q = (4, 2)
∴ Only I and II are true.
∴
Coordinates of P = (0, 6)
The answer is A. Coordinates of R = (2, 0)
At O(0, 0), A = 3(0) – 5(0) – 10 = –10
Try More (p.17.13) At P(0, 6), A = 3(6) – 5(0) – 10 = 8
Put (0, 2) into 2x = y. At Q(4, 2), A = 3(2) – 5(4) – 10 = –24
L.H.S. = 0 At R(2, 0), A = 3(0) – 5(2) – 10 = –20
R.H.S. = 2 ∴ The required least value is –24.
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 2) is the ∴ The answer is A.
solution region.

Try More (p.17.28)

The solution of the system of inequalities can be
Let A = 2x + 3y + 5.

represented by: The slope of the line A = 5 is , which is negative.

y
2x = y
x=2 Sketch the line A = 5 on the given graph as follows.
F
4 y=4 y
E
C 12
2 B
A D P
x 6
O 1 2 Q
S
i.e. The triangular region △OEF represents the solution. R

∴
x
–12 –9 –6 O A=5
The answer is D.
Refer to the figure, A attains its greatest value at P.
∴ The answer is A.
Try More (p.17.15)

The solution of the system of inequalities can be

Check Yourself
represented by: Check Yourself (p.17.6)

y 1. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.

x=5
L.H.S. = 0 – 2(0) + 2 = 2
12
R.H.S. = 0
I (5, 6) Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
6
II is the solution region.
III
IV x y
O 5 10
3x + 5y = 30
∴
2
6x + 5y = 60
The answer is B.
x – 2y + 2 = 0
1

x
0
–2 2

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

2. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.

 The straight line is a dotted line.
L.H.S. = 0 + 4(0) – 2 = –2
The required inequality is 8x – 9y < 30.
R.H.S. = 0
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
7. (a) From the graph, the y-intercept of the straight line is 0.
is the solution region.
y Slope of the straight line =

2 =1
∴ m = 1 and c = 0
1
(b)  Choose (0, 1) in the shaded region.
x + 4y – 2 = 0
x Put (0, 1) into y = x.
0
–2 2 L.H.S. = 1
R.H.S. = 0

3. Choose (1, 0) as a test point. ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.

L.H.S. = 4(1) + 3(0) = 4  The straight line is a solid line.

R.H.S. = 0 The required inequality is y  x.

Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (1, 0)

is the solution region. Check Yourself (p.17.16)
y 1. x – 3y = 6

1 y= –2

x x 0 3 6
0
–1 1 y –2 –1 0
–1
4x + 3y = 0 x + 2y = 2
y= +1

4.  Choose (–5, 0) in the shaded region. x 0 3 6

Put (–5, 0) into x + 2y = –4. y 1 –0.5 –2
L.H.S. = –5 + 2(0) = –5
y
R.H.S. = –4
1
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. x – 3y = 6
 The straight line is a solid line.
x
The required inequality is x + 2y  –4. 0
–3 3 6 9
–1
5.  Choose (2, 0) in the shaded region. x + 2y = 2
Put (2, 0) into 2x + y = 2. –2

L.H.S. = 2(2) + 0 = 4
–3
R.H.S. = 2 y = –3

∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.

 The straight line is a dotted line.
2. (a) 4x + 3y = 6
The required inequality is 2x + y > 2.
y= +2

6.  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region. x 0 1.5 3

Put (0, 0) into 8x – 9y = 30. y 2 0 –2
L.H.S. = 8(0) – 9(0) = 0
R.H.S. = 30
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

3x + 4y = 12
y= +3 The required system of inequalities is .

x 0 2 4
y 3 1.5 0

y 5. Slope of L2 =

6
=
x=3
4

3x + 4y = 12
The equation of L2 is y = x + 2.
4x + 3y = 6
2
The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x = 0, L1 and L2.
x  x  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
0
–1 1 2 3 4  Choose (0, 3) in the shaded region.
–2
(i) Put (0, 3) into x + y = 5.
L.H.S. = 3
(b) Possible integral solutions are:
R.H.S. = 5
(0, 2), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (3, –2), (3, –1),
(3, 0) ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ x + y  5 is one of the inequalities.

3. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 2x = 5y + 18,

(ii) Put (0, 3) into y = x + 2.
3x + 4y = –2 and y = 0.
 y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system. L.H.S. = 3
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region. R.H.S. = 2
(i) Put (0, 0) into 2x = 5y + 18. ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 0
∴ y x + 2 is one of the inequalities.
R.H.S. = 18
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. The required system of inequalities is
∴ 2x  5y + 18 is one of the inequalities.
(ii) Put (0, 0) into 3x + 4y = –2.
.
L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = –2
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
∴ 3x + 4y  –2 is one of the inequalities. Check Yourself (p.17.30)
1. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (–1, 3),
(1, 0), (3, 0) and (4, 3).
The required system of inequalities is .
At (–1, 3), P = 2(–1) + 7(3) – 3 = 16
At (1, 0), P = 2(1) + 7(0) – 3 = –1
At (3, 0), P = 2(3) + 7(0) – 3 = 3
4. The region is bounded by 4 straight lines x – 2y = –2,
x = 2, x = 4 and y = 0. At (4, 3), P = 2(4) + 7(3) – 3 = 26

 y  0 and 2  x  4 are inequalities in the system. ∴ Maximum value of P = 26

 Choose (2, 0) in the shaded region. Minimum value of P = –1

Put (2, 0) into x – 2y = –2.
L.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = –2
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
∴ x – 2y  –2 is one of the inequalities.

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

2. (a) 3x – 2y – 6 = 0
y ∵ TR = RS (intercept theorem)
6
∴ Coordinates of R = ( , –10) = (12, –10)
3x + y – 15 = 0
4 ∵ TQ = QP (intercept theorem)
x=6
2 ∴ Coordinates of Q = ( , –10) = (6, –10)

x At P(12, 0), A = 7(12) – 8(0) + 9 = 93

0
2 4 6 8 At Q(6, –10), A = 7(6) – 8(–10) + 9 = 131
–2 At R(12, –10), A = 7(12) – 8(–10) + 9 = 173
At S(24, 0), A = 7(24) – 8(0) + 9 = 177
∴ 7x – 8y + 9 attains its greatest value at the point S
(b) The vertices of the shaded region are the points and the greastest value is 177.
(4, 3), (6, –3) and (6, 6).
At (4, 3), P = 5(4) + 2(3) = 26
At (6, –3), P = 5(6) + 2(–3) = 24
Exercise
At (6, 6), P = 5(6) + 2(6) = 42
Exercise D17.1 (p.17.7)
∴ Maximum value of P = 42
1. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
Minimum value of P = 24
L.H.S. = 4(0) + 3(0) – 6 = –6
R.H.S. = 0
3. Let A = 2x + 6y.
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R is the solution region.
and S.
y

Solving the equations, we have x = 6 and y = 3.

1
∴ Coordinates of R = (6, 3)
Putting y = –2 into 5x – 3y = 21, we have x = 3. x
0
∴ Coordinates of Q = (3, –2) 1 2
4x + 3y – 6 = 0
Coordinates of P = (0, –2)
Coordinates of S = (0, 6) 2. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
At P(0, –2), A = 2(0) + 6(–2) = –12 L.H.S. = 0 – 0 + 3 = 3
At Q(3, –2), A = 2(3) + 6(–2) = –6 R.H.S. = 0
At R(6, 3), A = 2(6) + 6(3) = 30 Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
At S(0, 6), A = 2(0) + 6(6) = 36 is the solution region.
∴ The required least value is –12. y

4
4. Let A = 7x – 8y + 9.
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R 2
and S.
x–y+3=0
y x
0
–2 –1
12 24
x
O P S

Q
–10 R

–20
T

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

3. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.

y
L.H.S. = 4(0) – 3(0) – 24 = –24
R.H.S. = 0 2
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
is the solution region. x
0
–5 5
y
–2
4x – 3y – 24 = 0
2 3x – 10y = 0

x
0 7.  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
3 6
Put (0, 0) into x – 20y + 10 = 0.
–2
L.H.S. = 0 – 20(0) + 10 = 10
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
4. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
L.H.S. = 2(0) + 0 = 0  The straight line is a dotted line.

R.H.S. = –4 The required inequality is x – 20y + 10 > 0.

Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 0) is

the solution region. 8. The shaded region lies below the solid straight line y = 1.
y ∴ The required inequality is y  1.

2
9.  Choose (0, 3) in the shaded region.
x Put (0, 3) into y = –2x.
0
–2 2 L.H.S. = 3
–2 R.H.S. = 0
2x + y = –4 ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
 The straight line is a solid line.
The required inequality is y  –2x.
5. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
L.H.S. = 4(0) + 5(0) = 0 10. (a) From the graph, the y-intercept of the straight line is 2.
R.H.S. = –19 ∴ c=2
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0) (b)  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
is the solution region.
Put (0, 0) into y = –x + 2.
4x + 5y = –19 y L.H.S. = 0
x R.H.S. = 2
0
–4 –2 ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
–1  The straight line is a solid line.
The required inequality is y  –x + 2.
–2

11. (a) From the graph, the slope of the straight line

6. Choose (–5, 0) as a test point. =

L.H.S. = 3(–5) – 10(0) = –15
=2
R.H.S. = 0
∴ m=2
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane containing (–5, 0) is
the solution region. (b)  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
Put (0, 0) into y = 2x – 2.
L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = –2
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

 The straight line is a dotted line.

y
The required inequality is y > 2x – 2.
x
0
2 4
12. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
–2
L.H.S. = –5
x – 2y – 7 = 0
R.H.S. = 0 –4
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 0) is
the solution region.
y
15. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
5 L.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = 0
x
0 5 Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
–5
is the solution region.
–5
x–5=0 x + 3y + 2 = 0

y=

13. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.

x –2 –0.5 1
L.H.S. = 4
y 0 –0.5 –1
R.H.S. = 0
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 0) is
y
the solution region. x + 3y + 2 = 0
x+y+4=0 x
0
y = –x – 4 –2 –1
–1
x –4 –2 0
y 0 –2 –4 –2

x
0
–4 –2 16. Choose (1, 0) as a test point.
–2 L.H.S. = 3(1) + 2(0) = 3
x+y+4=0
R.H.S. = 0
–4
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane containing (1, 0) is
the solution region.
3x + 2y = 0
14. Choose (0, 0) as a test point. y= x
L.H.S. = –7
R.H.S. = 0 x –2 0 2
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 0) is y 3 0 –3
the solution region.
x – 2y – 7 = 0 y

2
y= 3x + 2y = 0
x
x –1 1 3 0
–2 2
y –4 –3 –2 –2

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Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

17. Choose (1, 0) as a test point.

(b)  Choose (0, 4) in the shaded region.
L.H.S. = 4(1) – 5(0) = 4
R.H.S. = 0 Put (0, 4) into y = x + 3.
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (1, 0)
L.H.S. = 4
is the solution region.
R.H.S. = 3
4x – 5y = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
y= x  The straight line is a solid line.

x –5 0 5 The required inequality is y  x+3

y –4 0 4
(or 3x – 5y + 15  0).
y
20. Consider the equation y = x + 3.
4
y-intercept of the straight line = 3 > 0
∴
4x – 5y = 0
x The answer is either C or D.
0
–5 5 Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
–4 L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = 3
Since L.H.S. < R.H.S., the half-plane containing (0, 0) is
the solution region.
∴
18. (a) From the graph, the y-intercept of L is –2.
The answer is C.
Slope of L =

= 21. Consider the equation 2x = 2y – 1 (or y = x + ).

∴ The equation of L is y = x–2 y-intercept of the equation = >0

(or 2x + 3y + 6 = 0). ∴ The answer is either C or D.

(b)  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region. Choose (0, 0) as a test point.
L.H.S. = 0
Put (0, 0) into y = x – 2. R.H.S. = –1

L.H.S. = 0 Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane not containing (0, 0)
is the solution region.
∴
R.H.S. = –2
The answer is D.
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
 The straight line is a dotted line.
Exercise D17.2 (p.17.19)

The required inequality is y > x–2 1. 2x + 3y – 6 = 0

(or 2x + 3y + 6 > 0). y= x+2

x 0 1.5 3
19. (a) From the graph, the y-intercept of L is 3.
y 2 1 0
Slope of L =
2x – y – 2 = 0
y = 2x – 2
=
x 0 1 2
y –2 0 2
∴ The equation of L is y = x+3

(or 3x – 5y + 15 = 0).

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

y
y
2
6
y=x+1
1
2x + 3y – 6 = 0 4

x
0 2
–1 1 2 3
–1 2x – y – 2 = 0
x
0
–2 2 4 6
–2
–2
6x + 5y = 30

2. 5x – 4y + 20 = 0
4. 3x – 5y = –15
y= x+5
y= x+3
x –4 –2 0
y 0 2.5 5 x –5 –2.5 0

x+y+1=0 y 0 1.5 3
y = –x – 1 3x + 6 = 2y
x –4 –2 0
y= x+3
y 3 1 –1
x –2 –1 0
y
5x – 4y + 20 = 0
y 0 1.5 3
6

x = –2 y
y=4
4
3

2
2

x 3x – 5y = –15
0 1
–4 –3 –2 –1
–2
x+y+1=0 x
0
–4 –3 –2 –1
–1
3x + 6 = 2y
3. 6x + 5y = 30

y= x+6
5. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 3x – 2y – 3 = 0,
2x + 5y – 12 = 0 and y = 0.
x 0 2.5 5
 y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
y 6 3 0
 Choose (2, 0) in the shaded region. (x-intercept of
y=x+1 3x – 2y – 3 = 0 is 1.)
(i) Put (2, 0) into 3x – 2y – 3 = 0.
x –2 0 2
L.H.S. = 3
y –1 1 3
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
∴ 3x – 2y – 3  0 is one of the
inequalities.

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 13

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

(ii) Put (2, 0) into 2x + 5y – 12 = 0. 8. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 2x + 6y = 13,
x = 2y + 4 and x = –1.
L.H.S. = –8
 x  –1 is one of the inequalities in the system.
R.H.S. = 0
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
(i) Put (0, 0) into 2x + 6y = 13.
∴ 2x + 5y – 12  0 is one of the
inequalities. L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = 13
The required system of inequalities is . ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ 2x + 6y  13 is one of the inequalities.
(ii) Put (0, 0) into x = 2y + 4.

6. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 5x – 2y + 10 = L.H.S. = 0

0, 2x + y + 2 = 0 and x = 0. R.H.S. = 4
 x  0 is one of the inequalities in the system. ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region. ∴ x < 2y + 4 is one of the inequalities.
(i) Put (0, 0) into 5x – 2y + 10 = 0.
L.H.S. = 10
The required system of inequalities is .
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
∴ 5x – 2y + 10 > 0 is one of the inequalities. 9. The region is bounded by 4 straight lines 2y = 3x, x = 0,
(ii) Put (0, 0) into 2x + y + 2 = 0. y = 3 and y = 6.
L.H.S. = 2  x  0 and 3  y  6 are inequalities in the system.
R.H.S. = 0  Choose (0, 3) in the shaded region.
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. Put (0, 3) into 2y = 3x.
∴ 2x + y + 2 > 0 is one of the inequalities. L.H.S. = 6
R.H.S. = 0

The required system of inequalities is . ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.

∴ 2y  3x is one of the inequalities.

7. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x + 3y = –4, 4x The required system of inequalities is .
– 3y = 15 and y = 1.
 y < 1 is one of the inequalities in the system.
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region. 10. The region is bounded by 4 straight lines 5y = 4x + 8,
x = 0, x = 3 and y = 0.
(i) Put (0, 0) into x + 3y = –4.
 y  0 and 0  x  3 are inequalities in the system.
L.H.S. = 0
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
R.H.S. = –4
Put (0, 0) into 5y = 4x + 8.
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 0
∴ x + 3y > –4 is one of the inequalities.
R.H.S. = 8
(ii) Put (0, 0) into 4x – 3y = 15.
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 0
∴ 5y  4x + 8 is one of the inequalities.
R.H.S. = 15
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
The required system of inequalities is .
∴ 4x – 3y  15 is one of the inequalities.

The required system of inequalities is .

14 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

11. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 5y = 12x, 13. The region is bounded by 4 straight lines 5y = 4x – 6,
4x = 5y and 4x + 5y = 80. x + y = 6, y = –3 and y = 0.
Note that (2, 2) is a point in the region.  –3  y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
(i) Put (2, 2) into 5y = 12x.  Choose (0, –3) in the shaded region.
L.H.S. = 10 (i) Put (0, –3) into 5y = 4x – 6.
R.H.S. = 24 L.H.S. = –15
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. R.H.S. = –6
∴ 5y  12x is one of the inequalities. ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
(ii) Put (2, 2) into 4x = 5y. ∴ 5y  4x – 6 is one of the inequalities.
L.H.S. = 8 (ii) Put (0, –3) into x + y = 6.
R.H.S. = 10 L.H.S. = –3
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. R.H.S. = 6
∴ 4x  5y is one of the inequalities. ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
(iii) Put (2, 2) into 4x + 5y = 80. ∴ x + y  6 is one of the inequalities.
L.H.S. = 4(2) + 5(2) = 18
R.H.S. = 80 The required system of inequalities is .
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ 4x + 5y < 80 is one of the inequalities.
14. The region is bounded by 4 straight lines 3x = 5y – 35,
3x + 5y = 15, x = 0 and x = 5.
The required system of inequalities is .
 0  x  5 is one of the inequalities in the system.
 Choose (5, 1) in the shaded region.
(i) Put (5, 1) into 3x = 5y – 35.
12. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 3y = 2x,
x + 4y = 0 and 13x – 3y = 165. L.H.S. = 15
Choose (1, 0) in the shaded region. R.H.S. = –30
(i) Put (1, 0) into 3y = 2x. ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 0 ∴ 3x  5y – 35 is one of the inequalities.
R.H.S. = 2 (ii) Put (5, 1) into 3x + 5y = 15.
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. L.H.S. = 20
∴ 3y < 2x is one of the inequalities. R.H.S. = 15
(ii) Put (1, 0) into x + 4y = 0. ∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 1 ∴ 3x + 5y  15 is one of the inequalities.
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. The required system of inequalities is .
∴ x + 4y > 0 is one of the inequalities.
(iii) Put (1, 0) into 13x – 3y = 165.
L.H.S. = 13 15. (a) 3x + 4y = 24
R.H.S. = 165
y= x+6
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ 13x – 3y  165 is one of the inequalities. x 0 4 8
y 6 3 0
The required system of inequalities is .
y=x–1

x 0 2 4
y –1 1 3

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 15

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

y The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x = 10, L1 and L2.

 x  10 is one of the inequalities in the system.
6
3x + 4y = 24 y=x–1
 Choose (10, 5) in the shaded region.
4 (i) Put (10, 5) into 5y = 3x.
L.H.S. = 25
2
y=1 R.H.S. = 30
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
x
0 ∴ 5y  3x is one of the inequalities.
2 4 6 8
–2
(ii) Put (10, 5) into y = x.

(b) Possible integral solutions are: L.H.S. = 5

(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3), R.H.S. = 4
(2, 4), (3, 3)
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.

16. (a) 3y = 2x + 7 ∴ y x is one of the inequalities.

y = The required system of inequalities is

x 1 2.5 4
.
y 3 4 5

2y = 5x – 10

y = x–5
18. Slope of L2 =
x 2 3 4
y 0 2.5 5 =

y x=1
The equation of L2 is y = x + 4.
3y = 2x + 7
4
The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x = 3, L1 and L2.
3  x  3 is one of the inequalities in the system.
 Choose (3, 4) in the shaded region.
2y = 5x – 10
2 (i) Put (3, 4) into 8x + 9y = 72.
L.H.S. = 8(3) + 9(4) = 60
1
R.H.S. = 72
x ∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
0 1 2 3 4 ∴ 8x + 9y  72 is one of the inequalities.

(b) Possible integral solutions are: (ii) Put (3, 4) into y = x + 4.

(2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)
L.H.S. = 4

R.H.S. =
17. Slope of L2 =
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
=
∴ y x + 4 is one of the inequalities.

The equation of L2 is y = x. The required system of inequalities is

16 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 17

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

19. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines y – 2x = –2,

x + y = 4 and y = 0.
 y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system. The solution of the system of inequalities can

 Choose (2, 0) in the shaded region. (x-intercept of y

– 2x = –2 is 1.) be represented by:
(i) Put (2, 0) into y – 2x = –2. y
L.H.S. = –4 x=8 x – 2y = 0
F
R.H.S. = –2 4 y=4
E
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. C B
2
∴ y – 2x  –2 is one of the inequalities.
A D x
(ii) Put (2, 0) into x + y = 4. O 2 4 6 8
L.H.S. = 2
i.e. △ODE is the required region.
∴
R.H.S. = 4
The answer is B.
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ x + y  4 is one of the inequalities.

22. The solution of the system of inequalities can

The required system of inequalities is .
be represented by:
y
∴ The answer is C.
x–y=0
2 (2, 2)
20. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines 7x – 8y = 0,
x + y = 6 and x = 0. II
 x  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
1 III
 Choose (0, 1) in the shaded region.
I
(i) Put (0, 1) into 7x – 8y = 0. IV
L.H.S. = –8 x
O 2
x + 2y = 2
R.H.S. = 0
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S. ∴ The answer is A.
∴ 7x – 8y  0 is one of the inequalities.
(ii) Put (0, 1) into x + y = 6.
L.H.S. = 1 23. The solution of the system of inequalities can
R.H.S. = 6
be represented by:
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
y
∴ x + y  6 is one of the inequalities. x–y=0
2y – x = 6
6
(6, 6)
The required system of inequalities is . III
I
3 IV
∴ The answer is B. II

21. Put (2, 0) into x – 2y = 0. x

O 3
L.H.S. = 2

∴
2x + y = 6
R.H.S. = 0
The answer is D.
Since L.H.S. > R.H.S., the half-plane containing (2, 0) is
the solution region.

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

24. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines y = x + 4,

Exercise D17.3 (p.17.32)
y = 8 – 2x and x = 4.
1. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (0, 0),
 x  4 is one of the inequalities in the system.
(3, 0), (4, 2) and (1, 2).
 Choose (4, 1) in the shaded region.
At (0, 0), P = 2(0) + 0 = 0
(i) Put (4, 1) into y = x + 4.
At (3, 0), P = 2(3) + 0 = 6
L.H.S. = 1
At (4, 2), P = 2(4) + 2 = 10
R.H.S. = 8
At (1, 2), P = 2(1) + 2 = 4
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ Maximum value of P = 10
∴ y  x + 4 is one of the inequalities.
Minimum value of P = 0
(ii) Put (4, 1) into y = 8 – 2x.
L.H.S. = 1 2. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (–1, –2),
R.H.S. = 0 (–1, 3) and (3, 0).
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. At (–1, –2), P = –3(–1) + (–2) = 1
∴ y  8 – 2x is one of the inequalities. At (–1, 3), P = –3(–1) + 3 = 6
At (3, 0), P = –3(3) + 0 = –9

The required system of inequalities is . ∴ Maximum value of P = 6

Minimum value of P = –9

Put (h, k) into the inequalities, we have

3. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (1, 0),
(4, 2) and (–1, 3).
At (1, 0), P = 1 – 2(0) = 1
At (4, 2), P = 4 – 2(2) = 0
∴ I, II and III are true.
∴
At (–1, 3), P = –1 – 2(3) = –7
The answer is D. ∴ Maximum value of P = 1
Minimum value of P = –7
25. The region is bounded by 3 straight lines x + 2y = 8,
x – 3y = 3 and y = 3.
4. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (0, –1),
 y  3 is one of the inequalities in the system. (3, –1), (4, 3) and (–1, 2).
 Note that (3, 3) is a point in the region. At (0, –1), P = –(0) – 4(–1) = 4
(i) Put (3, 3) into x + 2y = 8. At (3, –1), P = –(3) – 4(–1) = 1
L.H.S. = 9 At (4, 3), P = –(4) – 4(3) = –16
R.H.S. = 8 At (–1, 2), P = –(–1) – 4(2) = –7
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S. ∴ Maximum value of P = 4
∴ x + 2y  8 is one of the inequalities. Minimum value of P = –16
(ii) Put (3, 3) into x – 3y = 3.
L.H.S. = –6 5. (a) y x=4
R.H.S. = 3 4x – 5y – 1 = 0
4
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ x – 3y  3 is one of the inequalities.
2

The required system of inequalities is . x

0
–2 2 4 6
–2
Put (a, b) into the inequalities, we have
–4
2x + 5y + 7 = 0

∴ Only I and II are true.

∴ The answer is A.

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 19

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

(b) The vertices of the shaded region are the points

8. Let A = 2x – 3y + 90.
(–1, –1), (4, 3) and (4, –3).
The vertices of the shaded region are the points O, P, Q
At (–1, –1), P = –1 + (–1) = –2
and R.
At (4, 3), P = 4 + 3 = 7
At (4, –3), P = 4 + (–3) = 1
∴ Maximum value of P = 7
Solving the equations, we have x = 5 and y = 3.
Minimum value of P = –2
∴ Coordinates of Q = (5, 3)
Coordinates of P = (0, 4)
6. (a)
y
Coordinates of R = (7, 0)
4 At O(0, 0), A = 2(0) – 3(0) + 90 = 90
At P(0, 4), A = 2(0) – 3(4) + 90 = 78
y=3
3
At Q(5, 3), A = 2(5) – 3(3) + 90 = 91
x + 4y – 9 = 0 x – 3y + 5 = 0 At R(7, 0), A = 2(7) – 3(0) + 90 = 104
2
∴ The required greatest value is 104.
1
9. Let A = 3y – x + 55.
x
0 The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
–4 –2 2 4 and S.
(b) The vertices of the shaded region are the points
(–3, 3), (1, 2) and (4, 3).
At (–3, 3), P = –(–3) + 4(3) = 15
Solving the equations, we have x = 4 and y = 2.
At (1, 2), P = –(1) + 4(2) = 7
∴ Coordinates of Q = (4, 2)
At (4, 3), P = –(4) + 4(3) = 8
Putting y = –2 into 4x – y = 14, we have x = 3.
∴ Maximum value of P = 15
∴ Coordinates of R = (3, –2)
Minimum value of P = 7
Coordinates of P = (0, 8)
Coordinates of S = (0, –2)
7. (a) y
x = –2 At P(0, 8), A = 3(8) – 0 + 55 = 79
6 At Q(4, 2), A = 3(2) – 4 + 55 = 57
At R(3, –2), A = 3(–2) – 3 + 55 = 46
4 At S(0, –2), A = 3(–2) – 0 + 55 = 49
3x + 4y – 14 = 0
∴ The required least value is 46.
2

x 10. Let A = 2x – 3y + 5.
0
–2 –1 1 2 The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
–2 and S.
5x – 4y – 2 = 0 y

T 14
(b) The vertices of the shaded region are the points
(–2, –3), (–2, 5) and (2, 2).
At (–2, –3), P = –5(–2) – 2(–3) = 16 P 7
S
At (–2, 5), P = –5(–2) – 2(5) = 0
At (2, 2), P = –5(2) – 2(2) = –14 Q R
x
∴ Maximum value of P = 16 –20 –10 O

Minimum value of P = –14 ∵ TP = PQ (intercept theorem)

∴ Coordinates of P = ( , 7) = (–10, 7)

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 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

∵ TS = SR (intercept theorem)
Let P = 7x – 5y.

∴ Coordinates of S = ( , 7) = (–5, 7) At (2, –1), P = 7(2) – 5(–1) = 19

At (2, 6), P = 7(2) – 5(6) = –16
At P(–10, 7), A = 2(–10) – 3(7) + 5 = –36 At (5, 3), P = 7(5) – 5(3) = 20
At Q(–20, 0), A = 2(–20) – 3(0) + 5 = –35
∴ The required greatest value is 20.
At R(–10, 0), A = 2(–10) – 3(0) + 5 = –15
At S(–5, 7), A = 2(–5) – 3(7) + 5 = –26 y 6y = 5x + 26
13.
∴ A attains its greatest value at the point R and the 8
greastest value is –15.
6
11. Let A = 4y – 2x – 7.
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R 4 y y = 4x = 4
and S.
4x – 5y – 1 = 0
y x4 + y = 8
2
Q 3x + 2y = 0 x=5
24
2 x
0 2 4 6 8
P x
12 0
R –2 2 4 6
Draw the straight line 3x + 2y = k on the above
S figure, where k is a constant.–2
T
x (a) Refer to the graph, P attains its maximum value
O 11 22
–4
at (5, 8.5) and its minimum value at (2, 6).
∵ TP = PQ (intercept theorem)
2x + 5y + 7 = 0
∴ Maximum value of P = 3(5) + 2(8.5) = 32
∴ Coordinates of P = (11, ) = (11, 12)
Minimum value of P = 3(2) + 2(6) = 18
∵ TS = SR (intercept theorem) (b) Refer to the graph. Since x and y are integers, P
attains its maximum value at (5, 8) and its minimum
value at (2, 6).
∴ Coordinates of S = (11, ) = (11, 6)
∴ Maximum value of P = 3(5) + 2(8) = 31
At P(11, 12), A = 4(12) – 2(11) – 7 = 19 Minimum value of P = 18
At Q(0, 24), A = 4(24) – 2(0) – 7 = 89
y
At R(0, 12), A = 4(12) – 2(0) – 7 = 41 14. –4x + 3y = 0
8
At S(11, 6), A = 4(6) – 2(11) – 7 = –5
∴ A attains its least value at the point S and the least 6
value is –5.

4 10x = 53 – 8y
12. y
2 4x + y = 8
6
3y = 4x – 11
x
4 0 1 2 3 4
5y = 2x – 4
2
x+y=8
Draw the straight line –4x + 3y = k on the above
x figure, where k is a constant.
0
2 4 6 8 (a) Refer to the graph, P attains its maximum value
–2 at (0.5, 6) and its minimum value at (4.5, 1).

x=2 ∴ Maximum value of P = –4(0.5) + 3(6) = 16

The vertices of the shaded region are the points (2, –1), Minimum value of P = –4(4.5) + 3(1) = –15
(2, 6) and (5, 3). (b) Refer to the graph. Since x and y are integers, P
attains its maximum value at (1, 5) and its minimum
value at (4, 1).
∴ Maximum value of P = –4(1) + 3(5) = 11
Minimum value of P = –4(4) + 3(1) = –13

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 21

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

15. Let A = 2x – 7y + 1.
∵ TS = SN (intercept theorem)
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
and S. ∴ Coordinates of S = ( , 10) = (20, 10)
y

∵ SR = RN (intercept theorem)
32 M
Q ∴ Coordinates of R = ( , 5) = (30, 5)

P At P(10, 10), A = 3(10) + 10 + 2 = 42

16
N
R At Q(15, 5), A = 3(15) + 5 + 2 = 52
S At R(30, 5), A = 3(30) + 5 + 2 = 97
T
x At S(20, 10), A = 3(20) + 10 + 2 = 72
O 6 12 24
∵ TP = PM (intercept theorem) ∴ A attains its least value at the point P and the least
value is 42.
∴ Coordinates of P = (12, ) = (12, 16)
17. Let A = –x – 5y – 3.
∵ PQ = QM (intercept theorem)
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
and S.
∴ Coordinates of Q = (6, ) = (6, 24) y

–12 –6
∵ TS = SN (intercept theorem) x
M N O
∴ Coordinates of S = (12, ) = (12, 8) S
P –6
∵ SR = RN (intercept theorem)
R
Q –12
∴ Coordinates of R = (6, ) = (6, 12)
–18
At P(12, 16), A = 2(12) – 7(16) + 1 = –87 T
At Q(6, 24), A = 2(6) – 7(24) + 1 = –155 ∵ TQ = QP = PM (intercept theorem)
At R(6, 12), A = 2(6) – 7(12) + 1 = –71
∴ Coordinates of P = ( , –6)
At S(12, 8), A = 2(12) – 7(8) + 1 = –31
∴ A attains its greatest value at the point S and the = (–8, –6)
greatest value is –31.
Coordinates of Q = ( , –12)
16. Let A = 3x + y + 2. = (–4, –12)
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
∵ TR = RS = SN (intercept theorem)
and S.
y
∴ Coordinates of R = ( , –12)
20 T
= (–2, –12)

Coordinates of S = ( , –6)
10 S
P
= (–4, –6)
5 R
Q At P(–8, –6), A = –(–8) – 5(–6) – 3 = 35
M N x At Q(–4, –12), A = –(–4) – 5(–12) – 3 = 61
O 20 40
At R(–2, –12), A = –(–2) – 5(–12) – 3 = 59
∵ TP = PM (intercept theorem)
At S(–4, –6), A = –(–4) – 5(–6) – 3 = 31
∴ Coordinates of P = ( , 10) = (10, 10) ∴ A attains its least value at the point S and the least
value is 31.
∵ PQ = QM (intercept theorem)

∴ Coordinates of Q = ( , 5) = (15, 5)

22 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

18. Let A = 3x + 2y + 5.
∴ The required greatest value is 95.
The slope of the line A = 5 is , which lies between the ∴ The answer is C.

slopes of PQ and QR.

Sketch the line A = 5 on the given graph as follows. 21. y 5x – 3y = 1
y
10
P
Q 8
5y – 3x = 25
x = 10
6
x
O R
A=5
4
Refer to the graph, A attains its greatest value at Q.
∴
y=3
The answer is C. 2

x
19. Let A = 2y – 3x + 20. 0
2 4 6 8 10
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
and S. The vertices of the shaded region are the points (2, 3),
(10, 3), (10, 11) and (5, 8).
Let P = 4x – 5y + 30.
At (2, 3), P = 4(2) – 5(3) + 30 = 23
Solving the equations, we have x = 4 and y = 2.
At (10, 3), P = 4(10) – 5(3) + 30 = 55
∴ Coordinates of Q = (4, 2)
At (10, 11), P = 4(10) – 5(11) + 30 = 15
Putting y = 4 into 2x + y = 10, we have x = 3.
At (5, 8), P = 4(5) – 5(8) + 30 = 10
∴ Coordinates of R = (3, 4)
∴ The required least value is 10.
∴
Coordinates of P = (0, –2)
The answer is A.
Coordinates of S = (0, 4)
At P(0, –2), A = 2(–2) – 3(0) + 20 = 16
22. Let A = 4x – 7y + 16.
At Q(4, 2), A = 2(2) – 3(4) + 20 = 12
The vertices of the shaded region are the points P, Q, R
At R(3, 4), A = 2(4) – 3(3) + 20 = 19 and S.
y
At S(0, 4), A = 2(4) – 3(0) + 20 = 28
∴ The required least value is 12. 6 N

∴
Q
The answer is A.
3 R
M P
S T
20. x
y O 3 6 9

6
∵ TS = SP = PM (intercept theorem)
3 2x + y – 6 = 0
∴ Coordinates of P = (3, ) = (3, 2)

x
0
–6 –3 3 6 Coordinates of S = (6, ) = (6, 1)
x + 2y + 6 = 0
–3
∵ TR = RQ = QN (intercept theorem)
–6
∴ Coordinates of Q = (3, ) = (3, 4)

The vertices of the shaded region are the points (0, –3),
(0, 6) and (6, –6). Coordinates of R = (6, ) = (6, 2)

Let P = 6x – 5y + 29.
At (0, –3), P = 6(0) – 5(–3) + 29 = 44
At (0, 6), P = 6(0) – 5(6) + 29 = –1
At (6, –6), P = 6(6) – 5(–6) + 29 = 95

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 23

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

At P(3, 2), A = 4(3) – 7(2) + 16 = 14

(c) Denote the total profit by $P.
At Q(3, 4), A = 4(3) – 7(4) + 16 = 0
P = 80 000x + 75 000y
At R(6, 2), A = 4(6) – 7(2) + 16 = 26
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are
At S(6, 1), A = 4(6) – 7(1) + 16 = 33 the points (0, 0), (0, 52), (50, 0) and (20, 36).
∴ 4x – 7y + 16 attains its greatest value at the point S. At (0, 0), P = 80 000(0) + 75 000(0) = 0
∴ The answer is D. At (0, 52), P = 80 000(0) + 75 000(52) = 3 900 000
At (50, 0), P = 80 000(50) + 75 000(0) = 4 000 000
Exercise D17.4 (p.17.44) At (20, 36), P = 80 000(20) + 75 000(36) = 4 300 000
∴ The car factory should produce 20 cars A and
36 cars B in order to get a maximum profit of
1. (a) The constraints are . $4 300 000.

(b) y
3. (a) The constraints are .

3x + 5y = 330

(b)
(0, 50) y

(60, 30)
(0, 17)

x + 3y = 150
3x + 2y = 30
x
O (110, 0) (4, 9)
(c) Denote the total profit for producing alloys by $P.
400x + 250y = 0
Then P = 800x + 1500y.
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are 2x + y = 17
(10, 0)
the points (0, 0), (0, 50), (110, 0) and (60, 30). x
O
At (0, 0), P = 800(0) + 1500(0) = 0
(c) Denote the total cost by $P.
At (0, 50), P = 800(0) + 1500(50) = 75 000
P = 400x + 250y
At (110, 0), P = 800(110) + 1500(0) = 88 000
Draw the straight line 400x + 250y = k on the above
At (60, 30), P = 800(60) + 1500(30) = 93 000
figure, where k is a constant. (Slope of the straight
∴ The manufacturer should make 60 kg of alloy
A and 30 kg of alloy B in order to get a line 400x + 250y = 0 is , which lies between –2
maximum profit of $93 000.
and .)

Refer to the figure, P attains its minimum value at

2. (a) The constraints are (4, 9).
∴ Minimum value of P = 400(4) + 250(9)
. = 3850
(b) y ∴ The manufacturer should use 4 kg of food A
and 9 kg of food B in order to have a
minimum cost of $3850.
6x + 5y = 300
(0, 52)
4. (a) The constraints are
(20, 36)

4x + 5y = 260

x
O (50, 0) .

(Note that the integral points in the shaded region

are the feasible solutions.)

24 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

(b) y Denote the total profit by $P.

P = 400x + 500y
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are the
(0, 20) 200x + 300y = 6000 points (0, 0), (0, 30), (31, 0) and (24, 14).
100x + 400y = 5000 At (0, 0), P = 400(0) + 500(0) = 0
(18, 8)
At (0, 30), P = 400(0) + 500(30) = 15 000
At (31, 0), P = 400(31) + 500(0) = 12 400
(50, 0)
x
O At (24, 14), P = 400(24) + 500(14) = 16 600
∴ The factory should produce 24 table A and 14 table
280 000x + 480 000y = 0
(Note that the integral points in the shaded region B in order to get a maximum profit of $16 600.
are the feasible solutions.)
(c) Denote the total cost by $P. 6. (a) The constraints are
P = 280 000x + 480 000y
Draw the straight line 280 000x + 480 000y = k on
the above figure, where k is a constant. (Slope of the
straight line 280 000x + 480 000y = 0 is ,

which lies between and .)

Refer to the figure, P attains its minimum value at .

(18, 8).
∴ Minimum value of P
= 280 000(18) + 480 000(8) (b) Denote the total daily rental income by $P.
= 8 880 000 P = 800x + 1500y
y x 2
∴ The factory I and factory II should operate for 
y 3
18 days and 8 days respectively in order to
have a minimum cost of $8 880 000.
(15, 75)
(40, 60)
5. Let x and y be the numbers of table A and table B produced (36, 54)
in the factory respectively.

x + y = 90 15x + 25y = 2100

The constraints are x
O
(Note that the integral points in the shaded region
are the feasible solutions.)
.
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are
the points (15, 75), (40, 60) and (36, 54).
At (15, 75), P = 800(15) + 1500(75) = 124 500
y
At (40, 60), P = 800(40) + 1500(60) = 122 000
At (36, 54), P = 800(36) + 1500(54) = 109 800
∴ 15 single rooms and 75 double rooms should
x + 0.5y = 31 be built in order to get a maximum daily
rental income of $124 500.
(0, 30)

(24, 14) 7. (a) (i) Slope of L1 =

2x + 3y = 90
x
(31, 0)points in the shaded region are the
O that the integral
(Note =
feasible solutions.)

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 25

Mathematics in Focus 360 Practice

The equation of L1 is
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are
the points (0, 0), (0, 12), (20, 0) and (14, 4).
y–8= (x – 8)
At (0, 0), P = 40(0) + 65(0) = 0
3y – 24 = –2x + 16 At (0, 12), P = 40(0) + 65(12) = 780
2x + 3y – 40 = 0 At (20, 0), P = 40(20) + 65(0) = 800
(ii)  x  0 and y  0 are inequalities in the At (14, 4), P = 40(14) + 65(4) = 820
∴
system.
The maximum profit is $820.
∴
 Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
The claim is agreed.
(I) Put (0, 0) into 2x + 3y = 40.
L.H.S. = 0
R.H.S. = 40 8. (a) Slope of L2 =
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ 2x + 3y  40 is one of the =
inequalities.
The equation of L2 is
(II) Put (0, 0) into 4x + 7y = 84.
L.H.S. = 0 y–0= (x – 50)
R.H.S. = 84
–3y = x – 50
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
x + 3y – 50 = 0
∴ 4x + 7y  84 is one of the
inequalities.  x  0 and y  0 are inequalities in the system.
The required system of inequalities is  Choose (0, 0) in the shaded region.
(i) Put (0, 0) into x + 3y = 50.
L.H.S. = 0
.
R.H.S. = 50
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
(b) 150x + 225y  3000 ∴ x + 3y  50 is one of the
2x + 3y  40 inequalities.
200x + 350y  4200 (ii) Put (0, 0) into 2x + y = 45.
4x + 7y  84 L.H.S. = 0
The constraints are R.H.S. = 45
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
. ∴ 2x + y  45 is one of the
inequalities.

Denote the total profit for selling all the cookies and
cakes by $P.
The required system of inequalities is .
Then P = 40x + 65y.
y

(b) Let x kg and y kg be the amounts of blend M and

blend N produced respectively.
L1: 2x + 3y = 40
(0, 12) 200x + 600y  10 000
x + 3y  50
800x + 400y  18 000
2x + y  45
(14, 4)

L2: 4x + 7y = 84
Then the constraints are .
x
O (20, 0)
(Note that the integral points in the shaded region
are the feasible solutions.)

26 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Book D Ch 17 Linear Programming

Denote the total profit for selling all the coffee by $P.
(ii) Put (11, 0) into x + y = 12.
Then P = 100x + 160y.
y
L.H.S. = 11
R.H.S. = 12
∴ L.H.S. < R.H.S.
∴ x + y  12 is one of the
L1: 2x + y = 45 inequalities.

The required system of inequalities is .

(0, )
(17, 11)
L2: x + 3y = 50
(b) (i) 20x + 15y  200
x
O (22.5, 0) 4x + 3y  40
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure are Then the constraints are
the points (0, 0), (0, ), ( , 0) and (17, 11).
.
At (0, 0), P = 100(0) + 160(0) = 0

At (0, ), P = 100(0) + 160 = 2666 (ii) Denote the total cost by $A.
Then A = 30x + 20y.
The vertices of the shaded region in the figure
At ( , 0), P = 100 + 160(0) = 2250 are the points P, Q and R.
At P(10, 0), A = 30(10) + 20(0) = 300
At (17, 11), P = 100(17) + 160(11) = 3460
∴
At Q(12, 0), A = 30(12) + 20(0) = 360
The maximum profit is $3460.
∴
At R(4, 8), A = 30(4) + 20(8) = 280
∴
The claim is disagreed.
Jenny should buy 4 boxes A and 8 boxes
B in order to have a minimum cost of
$280.
9. (a) Slope of L2 =

= –1
The equation of L2 is
y – 0 = –(x – 12)
x + y = 12
y

L1: 4x + 3y = 40

R(4, 8)

L2: x + y = 12
x
O P(10, 0) Q(12, 0)
 y  0 is one of the inequalities in the system.
 Choose (11, 0) in the shaded region.
(i) Put (11, 0) into 4x + 3y = 40.
L.H.S. = 44
R.H.S. = 40
∴ L.H.S. > R.H.S.
∴ 4x + 3y  40 is one of the
inequalities.

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 27