Name:Abdelrahman Nasser Taha
ID:120220181
e-mail: abdelrahman.nasser@ejust.edu.eg
ECE
1) Why is the 8086-memory organized into two banks of even
and odd addresses?
The 8086 divides memory into two sections: one for even
addresses and one for odd addresses, which enhances
performance.
16-bit Access (2 bytes): The 8086 can read or write a full 16-bit
word in a single cycle by accessing both memory banks at once,
rather than requiring two cycles for even-numbered addresses.
8-bit Compatibility: It also supports 8-bit (1 byte) operations by
accessing only one of the banks (either even or odd), efficiently
handling both 8-bit and 16-bit data.
Simplified Design: This method streamlines data alignment and
maximizes memory bandwidth, leading to faster data
processing.
2) How are the low-order & high-order memory banks
organized with respect to addresses?
ANS:
Low-Order (Even) Bank: This bank stores bytes at even
addresses and holds the lower byte of 16-bit words when the
CPU accesses memory, corresponding to address lines AD0 to
AD7.
High-Order (Odd) Bank: This bank stores bytes at odd
addresses, corresponding to address lines AD8 to AD15, and
holds the upper byte of 16-bit words.
For a 16-bit word at a given starting address:
If the address is even, the low-order bank provides the
lower byte, and the high-order bank provides the upper
byte, all in a single cycle.
If the address is odd, the 8086 requires two cycles: the first
cycle accesses the odd bank for the lower byte, and the
second accesses the even bank for the upper byte of the
next word.
4o mini
3) Show how is bank selection achieved using the BHE and A0
signals using the truth table?
BHE A0 Indication to
read or write
0 0 Both
0 1 Higher order
bank
1 0 Lower order
bank
0 1 None
6) mov ESI,000010F2h
ANS:
mov AH, [ESI]; AH now contains 5Ah
inc ESI; ESI now contains 10F3H
mov AH, [ESI]; AH now contains 19H
add ESI,4; ESI now contains 10F7H
mov AH, [ESI]; AH now contains 45H
mov AX, ESI; AX now contains 10F7
