What do you understand by
Direct Speech?
Direct speech is a sentence in which the
exact words spoken are reproduced in
speech marks (also known as quotation
marks or inverted commas).
For example: "You'll never guess what I've
just seen!" said Sam, excitedly.
What do you understand by
Indirect Speech?
Indirect speech is speech which tells you what
someone said, but does not use the person's actual
words:
for example,
They said you didn't like it.
I asked her what her plans were.
Citizens complained about the smoke.
LET’S SEE A VIDEO TO UNDERSTAND WHAT DIRECT
& INDIRECT SPEECH IS ABOUT.
https://youtu.be/yML5gg26MUA
EXERCISE ON UNIVERSAL TRUTH
1. He said, “Water boils at 100 c.”
2. He said, “Sun rises in the East.”
3. My father said to me, “There are four directions;
East, West, North and South.”
If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future
tense (e.g., say, will say) there is no change in the
tense of the verb in the indirect speech.
Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (Direct Speech)
Antony says that he eats a mango”.
EXERCISE
1. I say, “I want to sleep.”
2. He says, “I like sweets.”
3. Rahul says, “I play cricket very well.”
❏ Present Simple Tense in the Direct becomes
Simple Past tense.
Example-
Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (Direct Speech)
Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (Indirect Speech)
Simple Present becomes Simple Past
EXERCISE
1. She said" I live in Delhi."
2. He said," She listens to music."
3. She said," I wash my clothes."
4. My sister said," It rains."
5. Radhika said," She works in New York Times."
Present Continuous Tense in the direct
becomes past continuous Tense.
Example-
● John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)
Present Continuous Tense becomes
past continuous Tense.
EXERCISE-
1.Radha said,“I'm sleeping”
2. 'She is waiting for us,' he said.
3. Jenny said, "I'm coming down."
4. Mavis said, "The dog is running after the cat."
5. Jacob said, "Ritesh is checking the computer."
Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.
❏ Kamal said, “I have done my homework”. (D.S)
Kamal said that he had done his homework. (I.S)
Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.
EXERCISE
1. Grandma said, "Your Dad has made breakfast."
2. Zoe said, " I have cleaned the kitchen."
3. Tom said, "She has left the house."
4. Max said, "They haven't written text messages."
5. Anna said, "Richard has never touched a snake."
❏ Present Perfect Continuous in the direct
becomes past perfect continuous.
Example:
He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)
❏ Present Perfect Continuous becomes past perfect
continuous.
EXERCISE
1. They said to me, “We have been waiting here
for a long time.”
2. He said to me, “We haven’t been playing cricket
lately.”
3. The teacher said, "I have been watching you."
4. The lady said, "She has been getting fat."
5. The doctor said, "You have not been taking
medicines."
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH-
PAST TENSE
(SIMPLE PAST TENSE TURNS IN TO
PAST PERFECT TENSE)
Subject + had + past form verb+object
Angel said, “I bought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day
before. (I.S)
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH-
PAST TENSE
EXERCISE
1. He said, "I went to school every day."
2. I said, “He went to Calcutta.”
3. Moumita said to Shampa, “I drew a picture of
you.”
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
ANSWER KEY
1. He said that he had gone to school every day.
2. I said that he had gone to Calcutta.
3. Moumita said to Shampa that she had drawn a
picture of her.
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
Past Continuous Tense in the direct becomes
past perfect continuous Tense in Indirect speech.
Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
EXERCISE
1. My mum said "I was cooking your favourite dish."
2. They said " We were listening to songs on Youtube."
3. The nurse said" The baby was suffering from fever."
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
ANSWER KEY
1. My mum said that she had been cooking my
favourite dish.
2. They said that they had been listening to songs on
YouTube.
3. The nurse said that the baby had been suffering
from fever.
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
Past Perfect Tense in the direct remains
past perfect Tense in Indirect speech. ( No change)
Structure: (Subject had+past participle form verb+
object)
Nelson said, “I had played cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had played cricket. (I.S)
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
EXERCISE
1. I said to him, “They had played cricket.”
2. My brother said "Some birds had eaten the
grains."
3. Peter said to Mary "You had finished reading the
magazine."
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
ANSWER KEY
1. I told him that they had played cricket.
2. My brother said that some birds had eaten the
grains.
3. Peter told Mary she had finished reading the
magazine.
In The Future Tense
‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.
EXAMPLE:
He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)
He said that he would go to London the next day.
(I.S)
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
Future Tense
EXERCISE
1. Shakespeare said, “I will write another drama
tomorrow.”
2. The girl said, “I shall travel the world.’
3. The boy said to me, “You will help me.
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
ANSWER KEY
1. Shakespeare said that he would write another
drama the next day.
2. The girl said that she would travel the world.
3. The boy told me that I would help him.
Let’s review what we have learnt so far
https://youtu.be/RMlexWdwTuM
Imperative Sentence
Let’s See a video to understand it
https://youtu.be/pjE9fxUP_28
Imperative Sentence (Order or Request) Rules:
● Remove the quotation mark in an Imperative sentence.
● Use ‘to’ if it is an affirmative sentence. (without don‘t)
● Use ‘not to’ if the sentence begins with Don‘t. Don‘t use ‘that’
Omit the word ‘please’.
● Use the word ‘request’ instead of ‘say’. If the direct speech
contains a request or a command, the reporting verb (say, said)
change to tell, request, order, command etc. in its correct tense.
Example:
1.Direct speech: “Don‘t talk in the class” said the teacher to the boys.
Indirect speech: The teacher advised the boys not to talk in the class.
2 Direct speech: .“Please give me something to eat. I am hungry” the
old man said to them.
Indirect speech: The old man requested them to give him something
to eat and said that he was hungry.
Example:
3. Direct speech: “Be careful” said he to her.
Indirect speech: He advised her to be careful.
4. Direct speech: “Bring me a cup of tea” said Nelson to Andriya.
Indirect speech: Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea
EXERCISE
Convert the following into indirect speech.
1. Father said to me, "Go home at once."
2. The teacher said to me, "Don't come here."
3. He said to me, 'Please open the door."
ANSWER KEY
1. Father ordered me to go home at once.
2. The teacher ordered me not to go there. Or,
The teacher forbade me to go there.
3. He requested me to open the door. Or,
He told me politely to open the door.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
https://youtu.be/PXfk4oxEE_w?feature=shared
