Syllabus

Civil Engineering
1. Water Resources Engineering
Water resources systems: components of the system, objectives of water resources development, development,
planning, and design, construction, and operation of water resources systems.
Introduction to drainage problems in different climates: Urbanisation, its effects, and consequences for drainage-
interaction between urban and peri-urban areas.
The Hydrological Cycle: Global Water and Energy Budgets, Philosophy of Mathematical Models of Watershed
Hydrology. Precipitation: Climate impacts of irrigation, Climate change and water resource sustainability, Human-
water-climate interactions, formation and processes, Data availability, Spatial-temporal scale issues. Relationship
between hydrology, meteorology, and climatology, Hydrometeorology, Importance of the study of
hydrometeorology, Hydrometeorological extreme events, Characteristics of extreme events, Climate change
impacts on hydrometeorology.
Dams: Different kinds of dams and the choice criteria, Environmental considerations
Gravity Dams: various forces acting and their analysis and representation, stability requirements, two-dimensional
analysis, distribution of normal and shear stress, principal stresses, joints and their treatment.
Canals: Basic concepts of various canal design theories and their limitations. Design of weirs and canal structures
on permeable foundations, Khosla’s theory and applications. Design of canal falls

Fundamentals of Groundwater Flow: Occurrence of Ground Water, Vertical Distribution of G.W. Darcy’s Law,
Permeability, Porosity, Anisotropic Aquifers, Differential equations of G.W. flow. Potential Flow: Flownets,
Boundary conditions, and Flow-net construction for confined & unconfined flow systems. Irrigation water system
and management.
Concept of the watershed, introduction to watershed management, different stakeholders and their relative
importance, watershed management policies and decision-making,
 2. Environmental Engineering

 Physical,chemicalandbiologicalparameters,standards(drinkingwaterandwastewatereffluent),Gastran
sferprocesses,sedimentation,coagulationflocculation,disinfection,filtrationinwatertreatmentsystem. 

 Water treatment system technologies to purify water.

 Fundamentalsofwastewatertreatmentssystem,detailsofdifferentaerobicprocessesandanaerobicproces
ses

 Solidwaste(E-waste/C&D/biomedical/plastic)managementandtreatmenttechnologies

 Measurementandcontrolofprincipalairpollutants,globalchallengesofairpollution,measurementandcon
trolofnoisepollution

 Concept and application of EIA

 LEED rating and Green Buildings

 Instrumentation for measurement of water/water water/air/noise

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 3. Disaster Assessment and Mitigation (DAM)

Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment

Introduction to Hazard: Definition ofhazard, Hazard estimation, Effect of hazard on structures.
Vulnerability:Definition of vulnerability, Methodologies of vulnerability assessment, Evaluation,
Building Types, Micro & Macro methods, Intensity Scales, Damage probability matrix, Vulnerability
functions.
Risk: Definition and components of risk, Fundamentals of risk analysis, Element at risk and their
attributes, Seismic risk evaluation, Assessment for different disasters, Extreme event analysis.
Disaster: Direct and indirect damages, Ground failures in the past earthquake, Damage to structures,
Associated damage due to fire, flooding and tsunami, Failure of embankments, dams and bridges.
Disaster Mitigation:The collection of data and information, Quantified risk assessment for industrial
accidents; Release of toxics products, Dispersion analysis.

Natural and Manmade Disasters

Introduction to natural resources, Distribution of natural resources, Challenges, Natural disasters and their
classification, Scales of disasters, Disaster Management Act and Policy, Institutional framework and
mechanism, History and status of disaster management in India, Terminology and concepts in disaster
risk management.
Earthquake Physics: Wave propagation, Wave types (compression, shear, surface), Attenuation; Causes:
Tectonic plate motions, Magma movement, Isostatic rebound, subsurface fluid changes; Effects: No
damage or massive damage, Tsunamis, Subsidence, Detection, Seismic network, Warning, Recovery;
Updated building codes, Man mitigate damage. Tsunamis Physics: Pressure, Wave propagation, Causes:
Earthquakes, Underwater landslides; Effects: Sudden rise and fall in sea level, Coastal damage, Loss-of-
life; Detection: Seismic networks, Pressure gauges, Wave-height buoys, Warning, Siren, Recovery:
Hampered by loss of infrastructure; Rebuild with knowledge that it can happen again, Upgrade facilities
and infrastructure. Volcanic Eruptions Physics: Pressure, Density, Causes: Tectonic plate interactions,
Hot spots; Effects: Lahars (hot mud flows), Nue Ardente (firey clouds), Lava flows over roads and
buildings, Ash flows, Earthquakes, Detection: Small seismic network, Tilt meters, Laser ranging.
Landslides Physics: Friction, Causes: Saturated soil, Unstable snow; Effects, Detection: Geologic profiles
identify candidate areas, Snow depth, cohesion, etc. Floods Physics: Response time, Fluid flow, Causes,
Excessive rain upstream, Channelizing Effects: Property loss, Life loss, Sedimentation, Change in course
of river, Detection: Stream gauges, Forecast models of stream flow; Recovery: Move people & buildings,
Build dykes, Flood control. Nuclear accidents (TMI and Chernoble) Physics: Nuclear energy, Half-life,
Causes: Operational mistakes, Poor construction, Poor design; Effects: Radioactive fallout, Radiation
sickness, Increased cancer rate, Detection: Radiation monitors, Radionuclide observations; Recovery:
Clean-up & disposal of contaminated material, Iodine tablets. Droughts: Classification of droughts,
Causes of droughts, Effects of droughts, Preventive measures of droughts, Drought management
strategies.
Spatial Data Collection and Analysis
Basics of map reading, Types and sources of map, Cartographic representation of data, Map coordinate
system, Projections and their types, Guidelines for preparing a base map, Thematic mapping.
Aerial photographs, Mosaic, Image interpretation - Elements and methods, Stereo-model.
Physics of remote sensing: Electromagnetic spectrum and spectral signatures, Types of remote sensing,
Platforms and sensors, Active and passive sensors, Aerial photographs, Satellite images, Radars, Sensor
characteristics, Resolution - spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal, Image interpretation - Elements
and methods, Image correction - Geometric, Digital image enhancement techniques (stretching, filtering),
Classification: supervised and unsupervised, Application of remote sensing techniques in resource and
environment mapping, Monitoring case studies.
Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS): Introduction to the GPS functions, Field operation of GPS and data
collection using GPS, Basic concepts and components of GIS.

Climate Variability and Adaptation

Climate Change Policy Framework: Climate change as a problem, Impacts of climate change, Climate
variability and natural resources, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
Background to the Convention and its aims, Kyoto Protocol and the Flexibility Mechanisms, Emission
trading.
Mitigation: Mitigation and policy evaluation, Strategies and technology options, Climate change case
studies.
Adaptation: Adaptation and policy evaluation, Strategies and technology options, Case studies of
adaptation, Evaluation of the effectiveness of approaches in managing climate change risk, Effectiveness
of policy approaches in reducing climate change and variability risk.

Geoinformatics and Its Applications

Geographical Information System: Components of GIS; Feature types, Spatial data models (raster &
vector) - their advantages and disadvantages; Spatial data creation and management- methods, topology
creation, editing and manipulation, attaching attribute data.
Spatial analysis: Single and multiple layer spatial analysis, Spatial querying; arithmetic and logical
operations, 3D analysis, Spatial data visualization - map design and layout for thematic layers and display
of tables and graphs using GIS software, Application of GIS in natural resources assessment and
inventory, Change detection, Applications of GIS for assessment of disasters, Preparation of vulnerability
maps for different type of disasters, Prioritization analysis for mitigation of different types of disasters.

Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Recovery

Recovery and reconstruction: Introduction, Medium and long term recovery aspects, Community
participation in defining objectives and their priorities, Disaster risk communication.
Rehabilitation: Physical and social infrastructure, Relocation and reconstruction of housing, public
buildings, bridges, dams, archives and monuments, services such as water supply, electricity, waste
management, communication, capacity building for self-help construction, Numerical condition surveys
for foundation, Structural and functional deterioration, Design criteria, Materials and techniques.
Predictive performance models, Repair and retrofitting: Earthquake damages of buildings, their
retrofitting and restoration, Superficial repair, Structural repair, Structural strengthening of habitable
spaces, public buildings, roads, bridges, dams, culverts etc.

Disaster Resilient Structures and Retrofitting

Earthquake effects on the structures, Classification of loads, Seismic methods of analysis, Seismic design
methods, Seismic damages during past earthquakes and effect of irregularities and building architecture
on the performance of structures, Basic design considerations for multistoried RC and steel structure with
foundation as per latest IS:1893, Capacity based design of building, Types of ductility, Factors affecting
ductility, Ductile detailing as per latest IS:13920, Seismic design considerations for masonry buildings.
Fire safety of buildings, Effect of high temperatures on different types of steel and concrete structural
members, Fire resistance by structural detailing, Analytical determination of the ultimate bending
moment, Design of RC members for fire resistance, Introduction of IS:1642.
General characteristics of blast and effects on structures, Blast load on above and below ground
structures, Response of structural elements to blast force, Dynamic strength of materials and design
stresses, Load combinations for design, Introduction of IS:4991.
Sources of weakness in RC and Steel framed buildings, Classification of retrofitting techniques,
Conventional and non-conventional methods, IS code provisions for retrofitting of masonry structures.

Disaster Response and Preparedness

Global Disaster: Global and Indian scenario, Science and policy, Institutional framework for disaster
preparedness and mitigation, Managing natural and anthropogenic disasters, Principles and practice of
disaster response operations and management, Disaster Planning, Public Administration/Policy and
Emergency management, Incident command center, Training need analysis and human resource
development plan, Corporate/public agency coordination, Human element in preparedness planning,
Current trends in disaster preparedness. Hazard monitoring, tracking and modelling, Early warning
systems, Warning protocols, Indian disaster resource network, Public health aspects of disaster
management and emergency services systems, Urban hazards and disaster planning, Fire services
preparedness, Emergency sanitation, Shelter environments, Conceptual and Applied Issues in Emergency
Management: Operational decision making, Introduction to emergency management and planning,
Organization and structure of emergency management, Emergency management research methods and
analysis, Public information for emergency management, Principles and practice of disaster relief and
recovery, Logistic support system, Computer applications in emergency management. Principles of
natural hazard reduction, Toxicology and biohazards in emergency management, Terrorism Preparedness:
Critical infrastructure and emergency management, Emergency preparedness, response, and planning for
hazardous materials, Terrorism, WMD and other contemporary issues, Incident management systems and
emergency operations center, Contingency planning, Community emergency response team, Community
relations for environmental and emergency managers, Contingency planning for business and industry,
International disasters.

Disasters and Special Structures

Introduction to Special Structures and Their Uses: Bridges, Dams, Nuclear power plants, Thermal power
plants.
Underground Structures: Tunnels, Subways and Storage Tanks, Pipelines, Railways, Roads, Retaining
structures, Liquid storage tanks, Waterways, Reservoirs, Wastewater infrastructure and Offshore
structures.
Performance of special structures during past disaster, Vulnerability of special structures, Health
monitoring, Operations and maintenance, Potential threats and risk assessments, National and
international policies, Environmental impact due to damage of special structures, Case study, Emergency
plan and risk reduction, Post-Disaster recovery and reconstruction.

Geohazards and Mitigation Measures

Sudden Geologic Hazards: Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Liquefaction, Volcanic eruptions, Pyroclastic flows
and Ash falls, Landslides and Avalanches, Rock falls and Debris flow, Glacial bursts, Flash floods,
Geomagnetic storms.
Gradual Geologic Hazards: Geogenic groundwater contamination (arsenic, fluoride, etc.), Stream
erosion, Coastal erosion, Alluvial fans, Salt water intrusion, Ground settlement, Ground subsidence and
sink holes, Sand dune migration and desertification.
Mitigation Measures: Geosynthetics in hazard prevention and containment, Hazard warning systems,
Engineering and construction measures in hazard mitigation, Adaptive urban planning in hazard
mitigation.

Hydrometeorological Disasters, Adaptation and Mitigation

Hydrologic cycle, Relationship between hydrology, meteorology and climatology, Hydrometeorology,
Importance of study of hydrometeorology, Hydrometeorological extreme events, Characteristics of
extreme events, Climate change impacts on hydrometeorology, Hydrometeorological hazards and
disasters, Flood, Drought, Storms and Heat & Cold Waves, Causes, effects and their impacts,
Hydrometeorological hazard monitoring and forecasting, Early warning systems, Risk assessment and
Socioeconomic responses, Resilience of communities to hydrometeorological hazards, Adaptation and
Mitigation measures and considerations, Hydrometeorological hazard studies, their mapping and impact
assessment.

Introduction to Sustainable Development

Introduction: Definitions of Sustainable development, Pillars, Principles, Evolution and parameters of
sustainable development, Issues and challenges to sustainable development, MDGs, SDGs.
Tools for Sustainability: Environment management, Environmental legislations, ISO 14000, Life cycle
assessment, Environmental impact assessment case studies,
Sustainable Engineering: Overview of Sustainable Engineering, Case studies in sustainable engineering,
Sustainable waste water treatment, Solid waste, Sanitation practices/ methods, Nexus between technology
and sustainable development, Financial sustainability.
Innovative Practices: Applications of sustainability, Sustainable development in urban system, Water
conservation, Sustainable transport systems, Sustainable habitats.

Lifeline Services and Disasters

Water and Sanitation: Availability and supply of water, Water quality, Disinfection of water sources,
Rehabilitating water distribution systems, Emergency treatment of drinking-water, Cleaning wells after
seawater flooding, Hygiene promotion in emergencies, Measuring chlorine levels in water supplies,
Planning for excreta disposal in emergencies, Technical options for excreta disposal in emergencies.
Power Sector: Generation, Transmission and Distribution System, Grid disturbance and disasters,
Blackout, Causes of disaster in Power Sector, Major areas prone to disaster, Power system restoration,
System Security, Safety of equipment for disasters, Hazardous and toxic materials and their management
in power sector, Cyber Threats, Cyber security for Power Grid, Disaster Management in power sector.
Transportation System: Transport Infrastructure Systems, Interdependencies, Vulnerable systems,
Potential threats and risks, Transportation disruption, Transportation disaster planning, Risk assessment,
Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery, Transportation Resilience, Monitoring and assessment,
Emergency response and risk reduction, Pre-disaster risk assessment and management, Policies,
Institutions, and Processes, Technical-planning, operations and maintenance, Post-Disaster recovery and
reconstruction.

Socio-Economics of Disasters and Disaster Finance

Disasters and the macro-economy, Public finance and disasters, Funding for Disaster Management – State
Disaster Mitigation fund, State Disaster response fund (SDRF), National Disaster Response Fund
(NDRF), Prime Minister National Relief Fund (PMNRF), Chief Minister Relief Fund and Role,
Financing the cost of future disasters.
Information on Natural Hazards and Disaster Reduction, Financial management of disaster risks,
Assessment of disaster risks, Financial vulnerabilities and the impact of disasters.
Insurance Policies for Disaster Management: Evaluation of risk funding and risk transfer policies,
Catastrophe insurance pool, Reserve funds and contingent credit policies, Role of Government and
market participants, Insurance policy design, Fiscal cost of relief and reconstruction, Grants and low
interest loan for reconstruction.
Legal Considerations for Disaster Financial Management.
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 4. Geotechnical Engineering

Soil Mechanics:Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; Unified and Indian
standard soil classification system; Permeability – one dimensional flow, Seepage through soils –
two – dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity, seepage force; Principle of
effective stress and quicksand condition; Compaction of soils; One- dimensional consolidation, time
rate of consolidation; Shear Strength, Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear strength parameters,
Stress-Strain characteristics of clays and sand; Stress paths.

Foundation Engineering:Sub-surface investigations – Drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test,
standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories – Rankine and Coulomb;
Stability of slopes –Finite and infinite slopes, Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils –
Boussinesq’s theory; Pressure bulbs, Shallow foundations – Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing
capacity theories, effect of water table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure;
Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations – dynamic and static formulae, Axial load
capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency,
negative skin friction.
 5. Transportation Engineering

Highway Materials

Soil: classification, nomenclature, desirable properties, laboratory and field test, IRC/MORT&H standards,
materials for low-cost roads, stabilized soil, lime, fly ash, and cement and soil-bitumen stabilization. Aggregate:
classification, gradation, physical properties test, soil-aggregate and aggregate bitumen mixes, sub base, base and
wearing course materials, quality manufacture of aggregates with respect to IRC/MORT&H specifications (clause
400) BM, soft aggregates, artificial aggregates, industrial waste as road aggregate, blending of aggregate by
triangular chart, trial and error proportioning methods. Bitumen: origin, extraction, physical properties test,
various terms related to tar and bitumen, uses and application of different bituminous material in highway
construction, bitumen chemistry, constituents structure, ageing, rheology of bituminous binders, Adhesion,
failures, weathering of bituminous road materials, bituminous mixes, requirements of bituminous mixes, Marshall
and other methods of bituminous mix design, IRC/ MORT&H specifications (clause 500), bitumen modification.
Cement: constituents, environmental issues concrete, properties of cement in fresh and hardened state, test
methods, durability properties, mineral admixtures, material specifications, Concrete Mix Design.

Pavement Analysis and Design

Components of pavement structure, importance of sub-grade soil properties on Pavement performance.

Functions of sub-grade, sub-base, base course and Wearing course. Effects of dual wheels and tandem axles, area
of contact, tire pressure, CBR value of different layers, design methods for flexible pavement: sustainable cost-
effective options for roads. Elements in design of rigid pavements: Wheel load, stresses, basic properties of
concrete elasticity, shrinkage & creep, durability of Concrete, dry lean concrete, rigid pavement design, concrete
mix design, admixture. Temperature stresses: Effect of temperature variations on concrete pavements.
Combination of stresses due to different causes, Types of distress: structural and functional, serviceability, fatigue
cracking, pavement deformation and low temperature shrinkage cracking, factors affecting performance.
Pavement overlays: Flexible overlays and Rigid overlays. Micro surfacing, gap grading, cold mixes using emulsion
and foam Bitumen etc. recycled material.

Intersection Analysis and Design

Type of intersection, general considerations for the location of various intersection types, principles of
intersection design, types of maneuvers, relative speed, conflict points and areas, design surveys for intersection,
intersection geometrics for various types including approach and exit details. Capacity and performance analysis
of various types of intersections for various types of operation-capacity level of service, intersection delay,
uncontrolled priority controlled and roundabout intersection- their capacity and delay analysis, and overall
design. Design and operational evaluation of weaving sections. Design of speed change lanes and median lanes.
Grade separated intersection and interchanges-types, suitability and economic justifications. Design of
intersection controls-signalization design and analysis, turn control, general traffic control by islands, pedestrian
control, signs, markings, intersections lighting etc. Road Safety Audit – Introduction, Case studies.

Transportation Planning

Transportation planning methodology, hierarchical levels of planning-statewide, regional, urban passenger and
goods transportation. General concept and process of transportation planning. Urbantransportation planning,
urban travel characteristics: private and public, travel behavior analysis. Travel demand estimation and
forecasting. Transportation Analysis Zone Design; Travel demand Analysis; Land use – Transportation Modelling;
Route Planning; Decision support for Transportation Planning. Trip classification and socio-economic variable in
trip making, trip generation; multiple regression analysis, category analysis, comparative study. Modal split
analysis- traditional analysis, behavioralapproach to mode choice, two-stage modal split models. Trip distribution:
Growth factor method, gravity model. Intervening opportunity and competing opportunity models, comparative
study. Traffic assignment network assignment, capacity restrained.Land-use transport planning: Land-use
transport intersections, transport related land use models and their use in transportation planning

Highway Construction

Classification of types of highway construction, Suitability of each type under Indian conditions, selection of base
course and surface course. Earth work & Soiling: Selection of soils, construction of embankments, excavation and
compaction equipment’s. Field and laboratory tests for quality control. Stone soiling, brick soiling, current
practices. Construction of earth roads, gravel roads, soil stabilized roads; water bound macadam, paved roads,
bricks, stones. Bituminous construction: properties, requirements and specifications of materials, equipment’s
and plants. Detailed construction procedure of each type. Field and laboratory tests for quality control. Choice of
binders under different conditions. IRC and MORTH specifications. Recommendations under Indian conditions:
Bituminous surface treatments, interface treatments – primecoat and tack-coat, surface dressing and sealcoat,
grouted or penetration macadam, bituminous bound macadam, bituminous concrete, mastic asphalt. Cement
Concrete Road Construction: Necessity of providing a base course under cement concrete road. Selection of
materials, construction methods, Quality control tests (lab. and field), Construction equipment’s. Joints in cement
concrete pavements: Classification of various types of joints, necessity, method of construction, load transfer
devices, dowel bars, tie bars. Joint filler and sealer materials, IRC specifications. Reinforced Cement Concrete
Road Construction:

Traffic Engineering

Introduction: definitions and normal scope of study within traffic engineering. Traffic characteristic: Review of
road user characteristics and vehicular characteristics. Various traffic studies: i. Spot speed studies - data analysis
and interpretations ii. Speed and delay studies- Purpose, course of delay, various methods of speed and delay
studies. iii. Traffic volume studies and characteristics iv. Origin and destination studies: Various methods of O and
D studies and sampling. v. Traffic capacity studies- Volume and density relationships, critical density, basic,
possible and practical capacities. Factors affecting possible and practical capacities. vi. Parking studies and
characteristics – Public interest in parking studies, cordon count, space inventory, parking practices. Evaluation of
parking controls. vii. Accident studies and characteristics – Course of accidents, accident studies and records,
reports, application of accident studies, preventive measures. Traffic controls and operations, a. Traffic
regulations and various means of traffic control, traffic islands, rotaries & signals. b. Traffic management-
Techniques and applications. c. Roadway Lighting-Design and layout.
 6. Structural Engineering

Bending moment and shear force diagram; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames;
Stiffness and Flexibility methods; Design of concrete and steel structures; Concrete mix design; Codal
provisions; Working stress and Limit state design of beams, slabs and columns; Construction
Management; Seismic analysis.