ASSIGNMENT
Subject: Digital Image Processing (ECPE-71)
Submission date: 18-11-2024
Unit-I
1. Explain elements of digital image processing systems.
2. Discuss elements of human visual system (perception).
3. What are moiré patterns in images?
4. What is Dithering in images?
Unit-II
1. Prove uvT u vT , where u and v are two column vectors.
2. Explain the geometric mean, harmonic mean, and contraharmonic mean spatial
filters.
3. Discuss in brief the following noise distributions: Gaussian, Rayleigh, Erlang
(Gamma), Exponential, and Uniform.
4. Give a single intensity transformation function for spreading the intensities of an
image so that the lowest intensity is 0 and the highest is L-1.
5. Given the following impulse function h and image f :
1 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1
h 2 4 2 f
1 1 1 1
1 2 1
1 1 1 1
Give the convolution of the two. Does your result have a bias?
Unit-III
1. Determine the Fourier transform of the Laplacian kernel.
2. With reference to affine transformations, provide single, composite
transformation functions for performing the following operations:
a) Scaling and translation
b) Scaling, translation, and rotation
3. A linear, space invariant system has the impulse response h( x, y) ( x a, y b) ,
where a and b are constants, and x and y are discrete quantities. Answer the
following, assuming negligible noise in each case:
a) What is the system transfer function in the frequency domain?
b) What would the spatial domain system response be to a constant input,
f ( x, y) K ?
c) What would the spatial domain system response be to an impulse input,
f ( x, y) ( x, y) ?
4. Consider a linear, position-invariant image degradation system with impulse
response
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2
h ( x, y ) e
,
where x and y are continuous variables. Suppose that the input to the system is a
binary image consisting of a white vertical line of infinitesimal width located at
x a , on a black background. Such an image can be modelled as f ( x, y) ( x ).
Assume negligible noise, find the output image, g ( x, y) .
5. Using the transfer function H (u, v) 8 3 2 (u 2 v 2 )e2 ( u 2 v2 )
2 2
, give the expression
for a Wiener filter, assuming that the ratio of power spectra of the noise and un-
degraded signal is a constant, i.e., S (u, v) / S ff (u, v) K .
6. Consider a 3 3 spatial mask that averages the four closest neighbors of a point
(x, y), but excludes the point itself from the average. Find the equivalent filter,
H (u, v) , in the frequency domain. Show that your result is a low-pass filter.
7. Consider image blurring caused by uniform acceleration in the x direction. If
the image is at rest at time t 0 and accelerates with a uniform acceleration
xo (t ) at 2 for a time T , find the blurring function H (u, v) . You may assume that
shutter opening and closing times are negligible.
8. During acquisition, an image undergoes uniform linear motion in the vertical
direction for a time T1 . The direction of motion then switches to the horizontal
direction for a time interval T2 . Assuming that the time it takes the image to
change directions is negligible, and shutter opening and closing times are
negligible also, give an expression for blurring function H (u, v) .
