NAMAL INSTITUTE MIANWALI

Department of Computer Science

Physics_1 Lab

Lab #02 Manual

Study of Projectile Motion.

Name HABIB UR REHMAN

Roll No. NUM-BSCS-2023-12

Marks Obtained

Date Performed

Instructors Dr. Zia Ur Rehman

Signature

Rev. Date Comment Author

1.0 04/10/2021 Initial draft ZS

1.1 0/10/2023 Modified draft HB

 Objectives: By the end of this section, Students will be able to:

 Calculate and understand the properties of a projectile, such as acceleration

due to gravity, range, maximum height, and trajectory.
 Determine the location and velocity of a projectile at different points in its
trajectory

Introduction:

Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the
acceleration of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory.

Only one force acts on the a projectile-the gravity force. Air resistance is always omitted.

The applications of projectile motion in physics and engineering are numerous. Some examples
include meteors as they enter Earth’s atmosphere, fireworks, and the motion of any ball in sports.

The key to analyzing two-dimensional projectile motion is to break it into two motions: one along
the horizontal axis and the other along the vertical. (This choice of axes is the most sensible
because acceleration resulting from gravity is vertical; thus, there is no acceleration along the
horizontal axis the x-axis and the vertical axis when air is negligible.) As is customary, we Call the
horizontal axis axis the x-axis and the vertical axis the y-axis. It is not required that we use this
choice of axes; it is simply convenient in the case of gravitational acceleration.

Fig below shows the projectile motion with important terms.

V-velocity

Vx-horizontal velocity

Vy-vertical velocity

α-angle of launch
h-initial height
t-time of flight
d-distance(range)

hmax-maximum height

Important Equations in Projectile Motion:

1)When Launching the Object with initial height h=0

o Horizontal velocity component:Vx=V*cos(α)

o Vertical velocity component:V =V*sin(α)

o Time of flight:t=2 * VY/g

o Range of projectile: R=2*Vx *Vy/g
o Maximum Height: hmax=Vy2 /(2*g)

2) When Launching the Object with some initial height h>0

o Horizontal velocity component: Vx=V* cos(α)

o Vertical velocity component: Vy=V* sin(α)
o Time of flight: t= [Vy *(VY2+2*g*h)1/2]/g
o Range of the projectile: R=Vx *[ Vy +( Vy2 +2 *g*h)1/2]/g
o Maximum height: hmax=h+V y 2 /¿*g)

Part(1)

Online Resources for Projectile Motion Calculation:

https://amesweb.info/Physics/Projectile-Motion-Calculator.aspx

https://calculator-online.net/projectile-motion-calculator/

https://ophysics.com/k8.html

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Vectors-and-Projectiles/Projectile-
Simulator/Projectile-Simulator-Interactive

LAB TASK#1 (20 pt)

Problem Statement: A projectile is launched at ground level with an initial speed of 50.0 m/s at an angle
of 30.0 o above the horizontal. What are the x and y distances from where the projectile was launched to
where it lands? Also Plot the graph between (a) Vertical distance VS time

b) Vertical velocity VS time (c) Horizontal position VS launch angle

Procedure:

1) Open any suitable Calculator from online resources provided above.

2) Select suitable units and input parameters to deal with.
3) Calculate the desired parameters and obtain the graphs.
4) Note down the values in given table and place the graph in the provided space.
 Input Table:

Parameter Value Unit

Initial velocity 50 m/s

Launch angle 20 Deg

Gravity -9.8 m/s^2

Results:
Parameter Value Unit

Initial velocity 50 m/s

Initial horizantle velocity 43.3 m/s

Initial verticle velocity 25 m/s

Final velocity 50 m/s

Maximum height 31.06 M

Flight duration 5.09 S

Launch angle 30 Deg

Landing angle -30 Deg

Part(2)
Projectile Motion Simulation LAB
 Online Resource:

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-motion en.html

Equipment:

Computer capable of running html simulation

Objective: The objective of this lab is to investigate projectile motion, first when a projectile is fired
horizontally, and then when a projectile is fired from a non-zero angle of elevation.

PROCEDURE

Solution

Part 1: Horizontal Launch (θ=0°)1.Open the Projectile Motion simulation in your browser and select the
"Lab" option. Ensure gravity is set to 9.80 m/s2 and the “air resistance" box is unmarked.

2.Set the initial height of the object as 5m by clicking and dragging the crosshairs at the back of the cannon.

3. Set the launch angle to Oe by clicking and dragging the front of the cannon.

4. Choose the origin of your coordinate system. You will need to decide whether the origin is at the launch
position or at the ground, and which direction is positive and which is negative. Record your decision below:(5
points)
 Origin is at ground and direction is positive."
5.Set the initial launch velocity to10m/s by clicking the arrows or dragging the slider under “Initial Speed"

.6.Predict the time of flight and landing position using the kinematic equations and record them in the table on the
next page(x(m) (calc) and t(s) calc)), show your work here. (15 points)

Solution:

R=gV02sin2θ

θ=0∘\theta = 0^\circθ=0∘

T=2V0sin⁡θgT = \frac{2V_0 \sin \theta}{g}T=g2V0sinθ

T=2(10)sin⁡θ9.8T = \frac{2(10) \sin \theta}{9.8}T=9.82(10)sinθ

T=0

7.Fire the cannon by clicking the red fire button. Drag the investigation device from the top right of t screen and
measure the time of flight and landing position of the projectile by placing the crosshairs at t landing position. Record
these values in the table.
8. Compare your calculated and experimental values for time of flight and landing position and record percent error
in the table.

9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 for initial velocities of 15 m/s and 20 m/s.

 Horizontal Fire Data (10 points)
t(s)(meas) t(s)(%
x(m) x(m)(% 1(s)(calc)
x(m)(calc) crror)
(meas error)
v0(m/s)
)
10 0 10.1m 100 0 1.03s 100

15 0 15m 100 0 1.02s 100

20 0 20m 100 0 1.01s 100

10. a) Does the time of flight change as the initial velocity is increased? b) Is this the result you would have

expected? Why or why not? (5 points)

Solution
A. No, time of fight remain constant
B. No,this is expected results bcz time of flight depends upon the initial velocity .

11. Mark the "air resistance" box and fire the projectile at the same three initial velocities and investigate
changes. Does the time of flight change from no air resistance? Does the time of flight now differ when the
velocity is increased from 10 m/s to 15 m/s and 20 m/s?(5 points)

Solution
No , the time of flight does not change
Part 2: Launch from non-zero angle of elevation
12. Reset the Projectile Motion simulation in your browser by clicking the reset button on the bottom right of the
screen. Ensure gravity is set to 9.80 m/s2 and the "air resistance" box is unmarked.

13. Set the initial height of the object as 5m by clicking and dragging the crosshairs at the back of the cannon.
 14. Set the launch angle to 30° by clicking and dragging the front of the cannon.

15. Choose the origin of your coordinate system. You will need to decide whether the origin is at the launch position
or at the ground,and which direction is positive and which is negative. Record your decision below (5 points)

Origin is at ground and direction is positive.”

16- Set the initial launch velocity to 10 m/s by clicking the arrows or dragging the slider under "Initial Speed".

table on the next page (x(m) (calc) and t(s) calc)), show your work here.(15 points)

For V=10 m/sV = 10 \, \text{m/s}V=10m/s:

1. Range (R):
o Formula: R=V02sin⁡(2θ)gR = \frac{V_0^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}R=gV02sin(2θ)
o R=(10)2×0.8669.8R = \frac{(10)^2 \times 0.866}{9.8}R=9.8(10)2×0.866
o R≈8.77 mR \approx 8.77 \, \text{m}R≈8.77m
2. Time of flight (T):
o Formula: T=2V0sin⁡(θ)gT = \frac{2V_0 \sin(\theta)}{g}T=g2V0sin(θ)
o T=2(10)×0.59.8T = \frac{2(10) \times 0.5}{9.8}T=9.82(10)×0.5
o T≈1.025 sT \approx(meas
1.025 \, \text{s}T≈1.025s
)
For V=15 m/sV = 15 \, \text{m/s}V=15m/s:

1. Range (R):
o Formula: R=V02sin⁡(2θ)gR = \frac{V_0^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}R=gV02sin(2θ)
o R=(15)2×0.8669.8R = \frac{(15)^2 \times 0.866}{9.8}R=9.8(15)2×0.866
o R≈19.74 mR \approx 19.74 \, \text{m}R≈19.74m
2. Time of flight (T):
o Formula: T=2V0sin⁡(θ)gT = \frac{2V_0 \sin(\theta)}{g}T=g2V0sin(θ)
o T=2(15)×0.59.8T = \frac{2(15) \times 0.5}{9.8}T=9.82(15)×0.5
o T≈1.535 sT \approx 1.535 \, \text{s}T≈1.535s
 18. Fire the cannon by clicking the red fire button. Drag the investigation device from the top right of the
screen and measure the time of flight and landing position of the projectile by placing the crosshairs at the
landing position. Record these values in the table.
19. Compare your calculated and experimental values for time of flight and landing position and record the
percent error in the table.

20. Repeat steps 12 through 19 for initial velocities of 15 m/s and 18 m/s.

Non-horizontal Fire Data (10 points)

v0(m/s) x(m)(calc) x(m) x(m)(% t (s)(calc) t(s)(meas) t(s)(%

error) error)

10 8.77 14 38 1.03 1.66 37

15 19.74 26 25 1.5 2.03 24

20 28 35 0 1,8 2.23 19
 21. a) Does the time of flight change as the initial velocity is increased? b) Is this the result you would have
expected? Why or why not? (5 points)

Solution
A. No, time of fight remain constant
B. Yes ,this is expected results bcz time of flight does not depends upon the initial
velocity .

22. Mark the "air resistance" box and fire the projectile at the same three initial velocities and investigate changes. Does
the time of flight change from no air resistance? Does the time of flight now differ when the velocity is increased from
10m/s to 15 m/s and 18 m/s?(5 points)

SOLUTION
Time of flight does not change with air resistance