Introduction
Agenda
In this session, you will learn about:
• Overview of Compute Service
• Virtualization Vs Containerization
• What is Docker?
• Why Docker Containers?
• Docker Terminologies
• Docker Editions
• Docker Internals
Overview of Compute Service
• Bare Metal Infrastructure
• Virtualized Infrastructure
• Containerized Infrastructure
Bare-Metal Servers
• Bare-metal servers are 'physical' servers. Which is a single-tenant
physical server.
Disadvantages of Bare-Metal Servers
• One-App One-Server
• More expensive
• Mis-match of capacity
• Expensive maintenance
What is Virtualization?
• Virtualization is the technique of virtualizing the
underlying Infrastructure, such as Memory, CPU,
Storage…
• Guest operating systems run on top of a Host
operating system (Hypervisor).
• We can run different flavors of operating systems in
different virtual machines all running on the same
Infrastructure.
• Virtualization eliminates the need for extra hardware
resource.
Hypervisors
• Hypervisor: Also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is
software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).
• A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest VMs
by virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing.
• Types of Hypervisor:
• Type-1 Hypervisors – Runs directly on top of Hardware.
• KVM, Xen, Hyper-V, ESX/ESXi…
• Type-2 Hypervisors – Runs on top of Host OS.
• Oracle VB, VMware Workstation…
Hypervisors…
Disadvantages of Virtualization
• Each guest OS will have its own kernel and set of libraries and dependencies.
• Since each VM includes an OS and a virtual copy of all the hardware the OS requires,
VMs require significant RAM and CPU resources.
• VMs incur a lot of overhead beyond what is being consumed by your application logic.
• Since each VM has its own dedicated OS, License cost is involved.
• Patching, Upgrades, Security, Hardening requires larger team and time.
• Boot up process is longer and takes more time.
Containerization
• Containers are a method of operating system
virtualization.
• Containers allow you to run an application and its
dependencies in resource-isolated processes.
• No guest OS overhead and utilizes a host’s operating
system.
• Containers share relevant libraries & resources as and
when needed unlike virtual machines.
• Containers are Lightweight and Faster than Virtual
Machines.
• Containers can also run on top of VMs.
Virtualization vs Containerization
Containers
VMs
Virtualization Containerization
• Method of Hardware level Virtualization • Method of OS level Virtualization
• Each VM needs dedicated Guest OS • Containers share container image
• Larger in size • Smaller in size
• Dedicated Kernel • Share the Host kernel
• Each VM will have its own Libraries and • Share relevant Libraries and Binaries
Binaries
• Longer boot process • Shorter boot process
• Takes more time for creating • Takes seconds
• Consumes more resources • Consume less resources
• Migrating virtualized application is • Migrating Containerized application is much
challenging due to hardware incompatibility easier
• Takes more time of Developer to setup • Increases the Developer productivity
Environment
What is Docker?
• Docker is an open source platform for developing, shipping, and
running applications.
• Docker enables you to separate your applications from your
infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly.
• Docker manages the lifecycle of the container.
• The use of containers to deploy applications is called containerization.
History
• Developed using Linux core components, in 2013.
• It was developed as an internal project at a platform-as-a-service company called
dotCloud and later renamed as Docker.
Docker Terminologies
How Docker works?
Docker Editions
• Docker Community Edition (CE) is ideal for individual developers and
small teams looking to get started with Docker and experimenting
with container-based apps.
• Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) is designed for enterprise
development and IT teams who build, ship, and run business critical
applications in production at scale.
Time-based Release Schedule
• Starting with Docker 18.03, Docker uses a time-based release
schedule.
• Docker CE Edge - Monthly.
• Docker CE Stable - Quarterly, with patch releases as needed.
• Docker EE - Twice a year, with patch releases as needed.
Understanding the Docker Internals
Drawbacks of Docker
• Managing a large number of containers is challenging – especially when it comes
to clustering containers.
• Solutions:
• Docker SWARM
• Kubernetes
• RANCHER
• OpenShift
