Engineering Mechanics II

ME 2201

Md. Faruque Hossain

Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sonargaon University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: faruque.su@gmail.com
Cell: +88 01955529875
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 Engineering Mechanics II
ME 2201
Credits: 3.00
Contact hours: 3.0 hrs/week

Course Content:
Kinematics of Particles: Rectilinear Motion of Particles; Uniform Rectilinear
Motion; Curvilinear Motion of Particles; Kinetics of particles: Newton’s second
law of motion; Principles of work, energy, impulse and momentum; System of
particles; Kinematics of rigid bodies; Kinetics of plane motion of rigid bodies:
forces and acceleration; Principles of work and energy.
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 Engineering Mechanics II
ME 2201

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

CLO1: Remember and understand the basic kinematic and kinetics
relationships between position, velocity, force, acceleration, mass, and time.
CLO2: Apply various method using these basic kinematic and kinetics
relationships and calculus or graphical methods to solve problems.
CLO3: Analyze the relative motion of multiple particles by using a translating
coordinate system.
CLO4: Evaluate the appropriate principle to apply when solving a particle
dynamics problem.
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 What is Mechanics?

 Mechanics is defined as the science that describes and predicts the

conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces.

 It consists of the mechanics of rigid bodies, mechanics of deformable

bodies, and mechanics of fluids.

 The mechanics of rigid bodies is subdivided into statics and dynamics.

 Statics deals with bodies at rest.

 Dynamics deals with bodies in motion.

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 Kinematics of Particles
Dynamics includes two broad areas of study:

1. Kinematics, which is the study of the geometry of motion. The principles

of kinematics relate the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time of a
body’s motion, without reference to the cause of the motion.

2. Kinetics, which is the study of the relation between the forces acting on a
body, the mass of the body, and the motion of the body. We use kinetics to
predict the motion caused by given forces or to determine the forces
required to produce a given motion.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
 A particle moving along a straight line is said to be in rectilinear motion.

 The only variables we need to describe this motion are the time, t, and the
distance along the line, x, as a function of time.

 With these variables, we can define the particle’s position, velocity, and
acceleration, which completely describe the particle’s motion.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Position:

To define the particle’s position P, we choose

a fixed origin O on the straight line and a
positive direction along the line. We measure
the distance x from O to P and record it with a
plus or minus sign, according to whether we
reach P from O by moving along the line in
the positive or negative direction. The distance
x, with the appropriate sign, completely
defines the position of the particle; it is called
the position coordinate of the particle.
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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Velocity of a particle along a line:

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Acceleration of a particle along a line:

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Consider a particle moving in a straight line, and assume that its position is
defined by, x = 6t2 - t3. Determine velocity and acceleration at time t = 5 sec.

Velocity,

Acceleration,

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Sample Problem 11.1
The position of a particle moving along a straight line is defined by the relation
x = t3 - 6t2 - 15t + 40, where x is expressed in feet and t in seconds. Determine
(a) the time at which the velocity is zero, (b) the position and distance traveled
by the particle at that time, (c) the acceleration of the particle at that time, (d)
the distance traveled by the particle from t = 4 s to t = 6 s.

Solution:
Taking the derivative
of position, we obtain

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Three common classes of motion
1. a = f(t). The Acceleration is a Given Function of t.
Initial conditions t = 0 and v = vo
t = t and v = v
This gives us

2. a = f(x). The Acceleration is a Given Function of x.

3. a = f(v). The Acceleration is a Given Function of v. 14
 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Sample Problem 11.2
You throw a ball vertically upward with a velocity of 10 m/s from a window located 20 m
above the ground. Knowing that the acceleration of the ball is constant and equal to 9.81
m/s2 downward, determine (a) the velocity v and elevation y of the ball above the ground at
any time t, (b) the highest elevation reached by the ball and the corresponding value of t, (c)
the time when the ball hits the ground and the corresponding velocity.
Solution:

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Uniform Rectilinear Motion:

This equation can be used only if

the velocity of the particle is
known to be constant.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion:
 In this case, the acceleration a of the particle is constant.

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Relative Motion of Two Particles.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Relative Motion of Two Particles.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Sample Problem 11.5
In an elevator shaft, a ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 18 m/s from
a height of 12 m above ground. At the same instant, an open-platform elevator passes the 5-
m level, moving upward with a constant velocity of 2 m/s. Determine (a) when and where
the ball hits the elevator (b) the relative velocity of the ball with respect to the elevator when
the ball hits the elevator.

Solution:

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Motion of Ball.

Motion of Elevator.

Ball Hits Elevator.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles

Relative Velocity.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
Dependent Motion of Particles: Sometimes, the position of a particle depends
upon the position of another particle or of several other particles. These motions
are called dependent.

Since only one of the two coordinates xA

and xB can be chosen arbitrarily, we say that
the system shown in Fig. 11.8 has one
degree of freedom.

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles

Since two of the coordinates can be

chosen arbitrarily, we say that the system
shown in Fig. 11.9 has two degrees of
freedom.

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS:

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 Rectilinear Motion of Particles
GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS:

 The area under an a–t curve equals the change in

velocity during that time interval.

 The area under the v–t curve equals the change in

position during that time interval.

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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Rectilinear Motion of Particles

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
 When a particle moves along a curve other than a straight line, we say that
the particle is in curvilinear motion.

 We can use position, velocity, and acceleration to describe the motion, but
now we must treat these quantities as vectors because they can have
directions in two or three dimensions.

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Rectangular Components of Velocity and Acceleration:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Rectangular Components of Velocity and Acceleration:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Motion of a projectile:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Motion of a projectile:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Motion Relative to a Frame in Translation:

 If one of the frames is attached to the earth, it is called a fixed frame of

reference, and the other frames are referred to as moving frames of
reference.

 You should recognize, however, that the selection of a fixed frame of

reference is purely arbitrary.

 Any frame can be designated as “fixed”; all other frames not rigidly attached
to this frame are then described as “moving.”
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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Sample Problem 11.10
A projectile is fired from the edge of a 150-m cliff with an initial velocity of 180 m/s at an
angle of 30° with the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance, find (a) the horizontal distance
from the gun to the point where the projectile strikes the ground, (b) the greatest elevation
above the ground reached by the projectile.

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Non-rectangular Components:

 Sometimes it is useful to analyze the motion of a particle in a coordinate

system that is not rectangular.

 In this section, we introduce two common and important systems.

 The first system is based on the path of the particle.

 The second system is based on the radial distance and angular displacement
of the particle.

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Tangential and Normal Components:

Now, since the velocity v of the particle is tangent

to the path, we can express it as the product of the
scalar v and the unit vector et. We have

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Tangential and Normal Components:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Tangential and Normal Components:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Sample Problem 11.16
A motorist is traveling on a curved section of highway with a radius of 2500 ft at a speed of
60 mi/h. The motorist suddenly applies the brakes, causing the automobile to slow down at a
constant rate. If the speed has been reduced to 45 mi/h after 8 s, determine the acceleration of
the automobile immediately after the brakes have been applied.

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Radial and Transverse Components:

 In some situations in planar motion, the position of particle P is defined by its

polar coordinates r and θ.

 It is then convenient to resolve the velocity and acceleration of the particle

into components parallel and perpendicular to the radial line OP.

 These components are called radial and transverse components.

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Sample Problem 11.18
The rotation of the 0.9-m arm OA about O is defined by the relation θ = 0.15t2, where θ is
expressed in radians and t in seconds. Collar B slides along the arm in such a way that its
distance from O is r = 0.9 - 0.12t2, where r is expressed in meters and t in seconds. After the
arm OA has rotated through 30°, determine (a) the total velocity of the collar, (b) the total
acceleration of the collar, (c) the relative acceleration of the collar with respect to the arm.

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Solution:

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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 Curvilinear Motion Of Particles
Sample Problem 11.20
At the instant shown, the length of the boom AB is being decreased at the constant rate of 0.2
m/s, and the boom is being lowered at the constant rate of 0.08 rad/s. Determine (a) the
velocity of point B, (b) the acceleration of point B.

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Curvilinear Motion Of Particles

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