National Service Training Program ➔ Care for Health

➔ Environment
NSTP-CWTS ML01
Graduates of ROTC are organized into the Citizen Armed Force.
LESSON 1: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BASES OF NSTP Graduates of the LTS and CWTS program components are organized
Service into the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) administered by the
● doing something voluntarily for the benefit of others DND, the CHED, and TESDA.
● the action of helping or doing work for someone
LEGAL PRECEDENTS TO NSTP ACT OF 2001
TRADITIONAL FILIPINO SERVICE Commonwealth Act No. 1 Commonwealth Act No. 1
Bayanihan ● “National Defense Act of 1935”
● tradition among Filipinos shows community participation, ● enacted by the National Assembly of the Philippines on 21
democracy and cooperation December 1935
● provided for obligatory military service for all male citizens of
SPANISH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION ages between 18 and 30
Polos y servicios
● these policies or practices were used to compel the Filipinos Presidential Decree No. 1706
to work in public works ● “National Service Law”
● polistas constructed churches, casas reales, roads, and built ● signed into law on 8 August 1980
or repaired ships ● It made national service obligatory for all Filipino citizens and
● able-bodied men 16-60 years of age were obliged to render specified three categories of national service: civic welfare
services as polistas service, law enforcement service and military service

THE CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE Republic Act 7077

1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 4 ● “Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act”
● The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the ● enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines on 27 June
people. The Government may call upon the people to defend 1991
the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be ● provided for organization, training and utilization of reservists,
required, under conditions provided by law, to render referred to in the Act as "Citizen Soldiers"
personal military or civil service. ● primary pool of manpower – graduates of the Reserve
Officers' Training Corps basic and advanced courses
1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 13
● The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in LESSON 2: PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION, PREAMBLE, AND
nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, BILL OF RIGHTS
moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God,
encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government
that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
NATIONAL SERVICE COMES INTO EXISTENCE SPECIFICALLY … good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure ourselves and
National Service Training Program (NSTP) posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule
● civic education and defense preparedness program students of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
instituted by the Government of the Philippines on 5 January do ordain and promulgate this constitution”
2000
● Republic Act 9163 – National Service Training Program (NSTP) BILL OF RIGHTS (Article III of 1987 Philippine Constitution)
Act of 2001 Section 1: Right to Life, Liberty, and Property
● Ex: If the government wants to take a person's land for a
Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) public project, they must follow legal procedures.
➔ to provide students with activities contributory to
the general welfare and betterment of life of the Section 2: Right Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
members of the community especially those ● If police enter a home without a search warrant and seize
developed to improve social welfare services evidence, that evidence cannot be used in court as it was
obtained illegally.
Literacy Training Service (LTS)
➔ designed to train students in teaching literacy and Section 3: Privacy of Communication
numeracy skills to schoolchildren and ● Wiretapping someone’s phone without their consent or a
out-of-school youths court order is a violation and any information gathered
cannot be used in legal proceedings.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)
➔ designed to provide military education and Section 4: Freedom of Speech, Expression, and Press
training for students to mobilize them for national ● Every individual has the right to free speech and expression,
defense preparedness as long as it doesn’t violate laws.

WHO WILL TAKE THE NSTP PROGRAM? Section 5: Freedom of Religion

➔ both male and female college students of any
baccalaureate degree course or technical Section 6: Liberty of Abode and Travel
vocational course (public or private) ● Citizens have the right to choose their residence and to travel
freely.
DIMENSIONS OF NSTP
➔ Safety and Security Section 7: Right to Information
➔ Education ● Citizens have the right to access information on matters of
➔ Recreation public concern.
➔ Values Formation
➔ Industry and Entrepreneurship
Section 8: Freedom of Association 6. To exercise rights responsible and with due regard for the
● People have the right to form associations or unions, rights of others
provided they are lawful and not contrary to public interest. 7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote
Section 9: Protection Against Expropriation
● Private property cannot be taken for public use without just DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
compensation. DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
➔ to vote honestly and wisely
Section 10: Obligation of Contracts ➔ to obey the laws of the land
● The government cannot pass laws that interfere with existing ➔ to respect public authority
contracts. ➔ to be loyal to the Republic
➔ to defend the Motherland
➔ to pay taxes to the government
Section 11: Access to Courts and Justice ➔ to take active interest in local, national and
● Every person has the right to access courts and other legal international affairs
means to seek justice.
● Legal assistance must be provided to those who cannot RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE
afford it. Natural Rights
➔ conferred upon human beings by God which
Section 12: Rights of Persons Under Investigation cannot be taken away
● A person under investigation has the right to remain silent ➔ Ex: right to life, right to love, right to marry
and have a lawyer.
● Miranda Rights Civil Rights
➔ granted by the State for the promotion of common
Section 13: Right to Bail welfare of individual citizens
● All persons, except those charged with capital offenses where ➔ Ex: right to own property, right to seek justice
evidence is strong, have the right to bail.
Political Rights
Section 14: Right to Due Process in Criminal Cases ➔ conferred by the state to the people so that they
● Accused individuals must be informed of the charges against may participate in government
them and have the right to a fair, speedy, and public trial. ➔ Ex: right to citizenship, right to suffrage, freedom of
speech
Section 15: Writ of Habeas Corpus
● Ex: If a person is detained without a legal basis, their lawyer Constitutional Rights
can file a writ of habeas corpus to demand their release or for ➔ recognized and protected by the constitution and
the government to justify the detention in court. part of the fundamental law of the land
➔ Ex: freedom from slavery, freedom to choose one’s
Section 16: Speedy Disposition of Cases residence
● A person who has filed a complaint against a govt agency
should expect their case to be resolved within a reasonable Statutory Rights
time and not face unnecessary delays. ➔ conferred by statutes or law promulgated by a
lawmaking body and can be abolished by the
Section 17: Right Against Self-Incrimination same body
● Ex: In court, an accused person cannot be forced to testify if ➔ Ex: right to inherit property, right to minimum
their testimony could lead to self-incrimination. wage, right to go to strike for higher wages

Section 18: Prohibition Against Detention W/o Legal Grounds LESSON 3: UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN
● Ex: A person cannot be arrested and imprisoned simply for RIGHTS
joining a peaceful protest against the government. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
● translated into 360 languages – the most translated
Section 19: Prohibition Against Cruel Punishment document in the world
● Excessive fines and cruel or inhumane punishment are ● serves as guide to every country in crafting their laws and
forbidden. policies concerning human rights
● The death penalty is abolished, but Congress may reinstate it
for serious crimes. 1. Right to Equality
2. Freedom from Discrimination
Section 20: Protection Against Imprisonment for Debt 3. Right to Life, Liberty, and Personal Security
4. Freedom from Slavery
Section 21: Double Jeopardy 5. Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
● A person cannot be tried again for the same offense after 6. Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law
being acquitted or convicted. 7. Right to Equality before the Law
8. Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal
Section 22: Ex Post Facto Laws and Bills of Attainder 9. Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile
● Laws that punish actions retroactively (ex post facto laws) or 10. Right to a Fair Public Hearing
laws that punish without a trial (bills of attainder) are 11. Presumption of Innocence and Protection against
prohibited. Retrospective Laws
12. Right to Privacy
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZEN 13. Freedom of Movement
1. To be loyal to the Republic 14. Right to Asylum
2. To defend the state 15. Right to a Nationality
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State 16. Right to Marriage and Family
4. To uphold the constitution and obey laws 17. Right to Own Property
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities 18. Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion
 19. Freedom of Opinion and Expression ● Death of President or former President – 10 days
20. Right to Peaceful Assembly and Association ● death of Vice President, Chief Justice, President of the Senate,
21. Right to Participate in Government Speaker of the House of the Representatives – 7 days
22. Right to Social Security ● death of other persons to be determined by the NHCP, for a
23. Right to Work period less than seven days
24. Right to Rest and Leisure
25. Right to Adequate Living Standard PROHIBITED ACTS
26. Right to Education Section 34 of RA 8491, flag cannot be used in the ff:
27. Right to Participate in Cultural Life 1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as a salute,
28. Right to a Social and International Order or adding additional marks on the flag;
29. Duties to the Community 2. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as part of a
30. Freedom from Interference in These Rights costume or a uniform;
3. As a trademark or for commercial or agricultural labels or
LESSON 4: FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PH designs;
Salient Feature of RA No. 8491 of 2002 4. As part of merchandise or in any advertisement or
● Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines infomercial;
5. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor
Philippine Flag vehicles
● symbol of our country
● shows our unity as a people OTHER RULES ON THE DISPLAY OF THE FLAG
● stands for our high ideals and noble heritage 1. Board naval vessels – displayed on the flagstaff at the stern
● symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our country when the ship is at anchor
● the primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie, sovereignty, 2. Aircraft w/ PH registry – displayed horizontally on its fuselage
solidarity and unity with the hoist side pointing the forward direction
3. The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the
Independence Flagpole at the Rizal Park, Manila (107ft)
Flag History
● conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo LESSON 5: GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES
● First flag – sewn in Hongkong by Marcela Agoncillo, her Citizenship
daughter Lorenza, and Dona Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, ● term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society,
niece of Jose Rizal which membership implies
● displayed with the blue field on the top in times of peace, and
with red field on top in times of war Citizen
● 28th of May – National Flag Day ● a person having the title of citizenship
● Rays of the sun: first eight provinces (Manila, Bulacan, ● a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and Cavite) and political rights and its accorded protection inside and
that revolted and fought for independence from the outside the territory of the State
Spanish-rule

Flag Construction
● its length is twice its width, which translate into an aspect Article IV, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution
ratio of 1:2 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the
● length of all sides of the white triangle is equal to the width of adoption of said Constitution;
the flag 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the
● each star is oriented in such manner that one of its tips Philippines; those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
points towards the vertex at which it is located mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the
age of majority;
Flag Protocol 3. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law
● flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official
residence, public plazas, and schools every day throughout ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP
the year 1. Principles: “jus solis” (by blood) and “jus sanguinis” (by
birth)
Section 9 of RA 8491 2. A baby who was born within the air space or within 12
➔ must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at nautical miles from the boarder of the United States will
night at the following: automatically have US citizenship regardless of the parent’s
◆ Malacaňang Palace nationality
◆ The Congress of the Philippine buildings 3. Commonwealth Act No. 473 provides the qualifications and
(Senate and House of Representatives) processes for acquiring Filipino citizenship
◆ Supreme Court of the Philippine
Building LESSON 6: VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
◆ The Rizal Monument 5. Aguinaldo Shrine Election
in Kawit, Cavit ➢ the means by which the people choose their officials for
◆ Barasain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan definite and fixed periods
◆ Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers in La
Union, Libingan ng mga Bayani in TYPES OF ELECTORAL EXERCISES
Makati Regular elections
◆ Mauseleo de los Veteranos de la ➔ national, local, barangay, ARMM, SK
Revolucion ➔ every last Monday of October, every 3 years for
◆ All international ports of entry barangay and SK officials
◆ All other places as may be designated by
the NHCP Special elections
Half-mast ➔ plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall
● may be flown at half-mast as a sign or mourning ➔ every 3 years from March 1993
Suffrage Section 8
● The human right to vote to which, in the Philippines, is ➔ stipulates that the Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
embodied in three documents: shall have the primary mission of administering a
➔ The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) comprehensive National Civil Defense and DRRM
➔ The International Covenant on Civil and Political program by providing leadership in the continuous
Rights development of strategic and systematic
➔ The 1987 Philippine Constitution. approaches as well as measures to reduce the
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage
WHO ARE QUALIFIED TO VOTE IN PH ELECTIONS? the consequences of disasters
● Citizens of the Philippines ➔ 24/7 facility for monitoring and coordination
● Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections ➔ Administrator of the OCD → Executive Director of
● A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or the National Council
municipality wherein he/she proposes to vote for at least six
months before the elections Section 10
➔ provides for the creation of the Regional Disaster
WHO ARE QUALIFIED TO VOTE UNDER THE OFW ABSENTEE VOTING Risk Reduction and Management Council
LAW? (RDRRMC)
● Filipino citizen abroad ➔ Chairperson → Civil defense officer designated as
● Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections Regional Director of the Office of Civil Defense
● Immigrants with affidavit to resume residence in the (OCD)
Philippines ➔ V. Chairperson → Regional Directors of DSWD, DILG,
● Permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume DOST, and NEDA
residence in the Philippines
Section 11
WHO ARE DISQUALIFIED TO VOTE IN PH ELECTIONS ➔ mandates the creation of DRRM councils at the
● Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels.
year ➔ provides for the organization at the Local
● Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the Government Level
anti-subversion and firearms law, or any crime against ➔ Provincial (Governor), City and Municipal (Mayor),
national security or disloyalty to the government Barangay (Captain)
● Insane or incompetent persons

HOW OFTEN ELECTIONS ARE HELD?

● Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local election
● Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and
SK officials
● Every 3 years from March 1993 – ARRM elections

LESSON 8: PH DRRM SYSTEM

SALIENT PROVISIONS OF PDRRM LAW
Section 12
Republic Act 10121
➔ provides for the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
● Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of
Management Office (LDRRMO)
2010
➔ recognizes the importance of local government
● signed into law on May 27, 2010
units (LGUs) in effectively responding to disasters
● Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) was approved on
within their respective jurisdictions
September 27, 2010
● defines the disaster management system in the Philippines
Section 15
➔ provides for the coordination of N/R/P/C/BRRMC
Section 5
during emergencies
➔ provides for the creation of the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council
(NDRRMC)
➔ recognizes the need for a unified and
comprehensive approach to disaster preparedness,
response, and recovery

Section 21
➔ provides for the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund (LDRRMF)
➔ 5% – support disaster risk management activities
such as training, purchasing life-saving rescue
equipment, supplies and medicines
➔ 30% – Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by
fund for relief and recovery programs

Section 22
➔ provides for the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Fund (P19.6 B)
➔ P7.6B – Quick Response Fund of various agencies
such as DSWD, NEDA, DPWH
 Section 23
➔ specifies funding of the OCD as lead agency to
carry out the provisions the PDRRM Act of 2010
(P1B)

LESSON 9: GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE PH

General Information
● located in Southeast Asia (SEA)
● one of the largest island groups in the world with 7,107 islands
and islets
● islands are composed primarily of volcanic rock and coral
● has a total land area of 120,000 sq miles (300,000 sq km) and
stretches about 1,150 miles (1,850 km) from N-S, and its widest
E-W extent, at its southern vase, is some 7000 miles (1,130 km)
● North: Bashi Channel, East: Pacific Ocean, West: South China
LESSON 10: DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PH
Sea, South: Sulu and Celebes Sea
The Philippines is situated along the highly-seismic Pacific Ring of Fire.
● Manila – capital city
● Quezon City – largest and most populous city
Pacific Ring of Fire
● The Filipino is basically of Malay stock with a sprinkling of
● area where the Philippine Sea and Eurasian Tectonic Plates
Chinese, American, Spanish and Arab blood, and other ethnic
meet and is prone to occurrences of earthquakes, tsunamis
minorities
and volcanic eruptions
● Government System: Democratic
● horseshoe-shaped zone of high seismic activity that encircles
● Climate: Tropical and Maritime
the Pacific Ocean basin
● It is characterized by relatively high temperature, high
● 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes and
humidity and abundant rainfall
experiences approximately 80% of the world's largest
● all weather stations in the Philippines, excluding Baguio, the
earthquakes
mean annual temperature is 26.6 C
● coolest month: January with a mean temperature of 25.5 C
The Philippines is also located along the Pacific Typhoon Belt.
● warmest month: May with a mean temperature of 28.3 C
● mean annual rainfall of the PH – 965 to 4,064 mm annually
Pacific Typhoon Belt
● Baguio City, Eastern Samar, and Eastern Surigao receive the
● PAGASA reports that every year, an average 20 tropical
greatest amount of rainfall
cyclones enter the PAR and 5 of which shall be most
● the southern portion of Cotabato receives the least amount
destructive
of rain.
● Philippines – “Exporter of Typhoons”
● General Santos City in Cotabato – average annual rainfall is
● Between 1997 and 2007 – 84 tropical cyclones entered the
only 978 mm
PAR, 13,155 in human casualty and more than 51 million
families have been affected
THREE MAJOR GROUPS
Luzon
● biggest island group
➔ National Capital Region (NCR)
➔ Ilocos Region (Region I)
➔ Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
➔ Cagayan Valley (Region II)
➔ Central Luzon (Region III)
➔ CALABARZON (Region IV-A)
➔ MIMAROPA (Region IV-B)
➔ Bicol Region (Region V)

Visayas
● melting pot of Spanish, Chinese, and Indo-Malayan cultures
➔ Western Visayas (Region VI)
➔ Central Visayas (Region VII)
Earthquakes
➔ Eastern Visayas (VIII)
● 1960 Chile earthquake
● 2011 Japan earthquake
Mindanao
● Chinese and Muslims are predominant
1990 Luzon Earthquake
➔ Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX)
➔ July 16, 1990
➔ Northern Mindanao (Region X)
➔ Magnitude 7.7
➔ Davao Region (Region XI)
1994 Mindoro Earthquake
➔ SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII)
➔ November 15, 1994
➔ Caraga Region (Region XIII)
➔ Magnitude 7.1
➔ Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

2013 Bohol Earthquake

MAJOR SEASONS
➔ October 15, 2013
Rainy Season
➔ Magnitude 7.2
● June to November

2022 Abra Earthquake

Dry Season
➔ July 27, 2022
● Cool Dry: December to February
➔ Magnitude 7.0
● Hot Dry: March to May
Naga Landslides (September 2018) ● Mobilization of responders
● Sitio Sindulan, Barangay Tinaan, Naga City, Cebu ● Humanitarian assistance (e.g. relief distribution)
● City of Naga – State of Calamity thru Resolution No. ● Provision of financial assistance
001-A-2018 on Sept. 21, 2018 ● Management of evacuation centers
● affected 1,972 families or 8,252 persons in barangays, with 77
dead, 7 injured and 57 missing Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
● Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)
Typhoon Mangkhut / Ompong (September 2018) ● Enhancement of policies and plans
● entered the PAR on Sept. 12, 2018 and has made landfall in ● Reconstruction using “build back better” approach
Baggao, Cagayan on Sept. 15, 2018 ● Resettlement
● affected a total of 730,596 families or 3,029,062 persons in ● Provision of new sources of livelihood
5,917 barangays with 82 dead, 138 injured and 2 missing
● destroyed 210,500 houses and damaged a total estimated
amount of P7.2B on infrastructure and P26.8B on agriculture

Volcanic Activity of Mayon Volcano (January 2018)

● Jan. 13, 2018 – phreatic eruption
● Jan. 16, 2018 – Albay Province was declared under the State of
Calamity
● Jan. 22, 2018 – PHIVOLCS raised to Alert Level 4
● Mar. 6, 2018 – from Alert Level 4 to Alert Level 3
● 23,705 families / 90, 742 persons were affected in 61 barangays
in the municipalities /cities of Bacacay, Camalig, Guinobatan,
Ligao City, Daraga, Tabaco City, Malilipot, Santo Domingo
(Libog), and Legazpi City

Typhoon Hagupit or Ruby (December 2014)

LESSON 12: ROLE OF YOUTH IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
● entered the Philippines on Dec. 4, 2014 at 4AM AND MANAGEMENT
● 944,249 families or 4,149,484 persons were affected in 1. They can spread awareness to all about the precautions to be
Regions III, IV-A, IVB, V, VI, VII, VIII, CARAGA and NCR taken at times of disasters.
● it damaged infrastructure and agriculture amounting to 2. They can help to minimize the potential risks by developing
Php5,090,265,462.00 early warning measures.
3. Keep other students or youth informed.
Super Typhoon Yolanda or Haiyan (November 2013)
● entered the PAR on Nov. 6, 2013 and made landfall on (1) The basic role of the student is awareness of what to do before, during
Guiuan, Eastern Samar; (2) Tolosa, Leyte; (3) Daanbantayan, and after disasters.
Cebu; (4) Bantayan Island, Cebu; (5) Conception, Iloilo; and
finally (6) Busuanga, Palawan and left the Philippines on Nov. LESSON 14: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, PROTECTION,
9, 2013 AND MANAGEMENT
● affected a total of 3,424,593 families or 16,078,181 persons in 12, Environmental Education
139 brgys in 44 Prov, 591 Mun, 57 Cities in the Regions of IV-A, ● process of teaching and learning, helping to acquire
IV-B, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 & Caraga understanding, skills and values that makes them active and
informed citizens in the development and maintenance of an
Earthquake in Central Visayas (October 2013) ecological, sustainable and socially just society
● 7.2 magnitude occurred in Region VII on Oct. 15, 2013 at about
8:12AM with an epicenter at Sagbayan, Bohol MUST BE …
● a total of PhP2,257,182.90 worth of damaged roads, bridges, ➔ action-oriented → it should involve finding
flood control, school buildings, hospitals solutions to real environmental problems and
issues.
Taal Volcano Eruption (January 12, 2020) ➔ experiential → it should use variety of approaches
● spewed ashes across Calabarzon, Metro Manila, and some and environments
parts of Central Luzon & Ilocos Region ➔ future-oriented → it must be concerned with the
present and future generations
LESSON 11: FOUR THEMATIC AREAS OF PH DISASTER ➔ globally-oriented → it must consider the whole
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM earth as one ecosystem
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ➔ holistic → it must deal with the natural and
● Early warning systems man-made aspect of the environment
● Flood forecasting and monitoring ➔ interdisciplinary → it must relate to all disciplines
● Hazard and risk mappings ➔ issue-oriented → it must deal with local, regional,
● Structural and non-structural interventions national and global perspectives

Disaster Preparedness Pollution

● Contingency planning ● .alteration of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a product
● Prepositioning and stock-piling of man’s actions, through direct or indirect effects of changes
● Capacitating and organizing responders in every patter of chemical and physical constituents of
● Training, drills and exercises organisms
● Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment
Air Pollution
Disaster Response ➔ physical and chemical alteration of the properties
● Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA) of air, which is harmful to human health,
● Issuance of advisories and situation reports vegetation and animals
● Activation of Response Clusters and Incident Command ◆ Outdoor Pollution → mixture or
System (ICS) collection of additional loads of chemical
 produced by natural events and human ● Everything Must Go Somewhere
activities which react with the natural
components of the atmosphere thereby Finiteness
producing harmful effects to living ● Ours Is a Finite Earth
system
◆ Indoor Pollution → accumulation or Stewardship
build up of chemical, SPM, VOC’s inside ● Nature Is Beautiful and We are All Stewards of God’s Creation
the office, buildings, houses, school,
commercial store that are harmful to ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
health R.A. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
● ensures proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment
Water Pollution and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and
➔ physical or chemical changes in the surface and adaptation of best eco-waste products
groundwater caused by pollutants that can
adversely affect living organisms R.A. 9275 – Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
◆ Point Source → discharges pollutants or ● aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution
any affluent, such as waste water, from land-based sources
through pipes, ditches and sewers into
bodies of water to specific location R.A. 6969 – Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control
◆ Non-point Source → widely scattered Act of 1990
and discharges pollutants over a large ● aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution
area from land-based sources

Solid Wastes/Land Pollution R.A. 8435 – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997
➔ presence in land of any solid waste in such quality, ● DA and other agencies should take into account climate
of such nature and duration, and under such change, weather disturbances and annual productivity cycles
conditions that would injurious to human health or in forecasting and formulating appropriate agricultural and
welfare, animal or plantlike or property fisheries programs

DIVIDE WASTE INTO CATEGORIES R.A. 8749 – Clean Air Act of 1999
◆ combustibles ● moves for an effective air quality management program that
◆ non-combustibles will mitigate the worsening problem of air pollution in the
◆ recyclable country
◆ hazardous wastes
R.A. 9512 – National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of
SOLID WASTE AND DISPOSAL 2008
◆ Landfills ● promotes national awareness on the role of natural resources
◆ Incineration in economic growth and the importance of environmental
◆ Ocean Dumping conservation and ecological balance towards sustained
national development
THE 4R’S OF ECOLOGY
Reduce R.A. 9513 – Renewable Energy Act of 2008
● to reasonably limit or conserve the use of materials for more ● promotes the development, utilization and
important projects commercialization of renewable energy resources

Reuse LESSON 16: FORESTRY PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, AND

● to “use again” the materials that are non-degradable, DEVELOPMENT
reusable and recyclable Urban Forestry
● derived from two – urban which carries the characteristics of
Recycle a city; and forestry which carries the characteristics of a forest
● to reuse after the materials had been reprocessed either to
new products or similar functional products 1988
➔ Pres. Corazon C. Aquino issued Memorandum
Repair Order No. 198 establishing the Metro Greening
● to reconstruct/restructure and reinstall Program and known as the “Luntiang
equipment/appliances/gadgets that are still repairable to its Kamaynilaan Program”
functional state
1989
LESSON 15: SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND ➔ The “Hardin ng Bayan” was conceptualized
LAWS ➔ created to transform Metro Manila into a 4 persons
Balance of Nature per tree for the more 8M Metro Manilans
● Nature Knows Best ➔ inaugurated in the Freedom Park, Makati

Biodiversity
● All forms of Life Are Important 1992
➔ Pres. Fidel V. Ramos launched the Clean and Green
Interconnectedness Program thru Memorandum Circular No. 5
● Everything is Connected to Everything Else
1993
Change ➔ Pres. Fidel V. Ramos also launched the Ecological
● Everything Changes Revolution (EcoRev 93- 98)
➔ The Department of Education, Culture and Sports
Material Cycles (DECS) launched their nationwide tree planting
 drive mobilized millions of grade and high school trees and to identify all kinds of trees that need to be treated
students from more than 33,000 public and private and saved
schools throughout the country ● launched at the PHIL-AM LIFE Subdivision, Quezon City

1988 LESSON 17: WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, SANITATION,

➔ Sec. Antonio H. Cerilles launched the Let’s Go AND CONSERVATION
Green Program with the component projects such ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
as OPLAN SAGIP PUNO and the Green Scout ● Water Problems
Movement ● Groundwater Extraction Rising
● Watershed Management
CATEGORIES OF BENEFITS ● Coastal and Marine Resources
Climatic Amelioration ● Coral Reefs in Poor Conditions
● Trees, shrubs and grass ameliorates air temperature by ● Water Demand Growing Rapidly
controlling solar radiation. ● Agricultures use Dominates
● Leaves of trees intercept, reflect, absorb and transmit solar ● Access to Water Supply varies
radiation.
● Trees and other vegetation also aid in ameliorating summer SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
air temperature through evapotranspiration. Domestic Sewage
● Trees have been called “nature's air conditioner “ ● wastewater discharged from residential commercial,
● 400 liters of water per day = 5 AirCon with a capacity of 2500 institutional, recreational and industrial facilities where
kw/hr. running 20 hours’ day wastes are generated through the use of dining facilities,
shower rooms and toilets
Architectural Uses
● Trees and shrubs can be used to perform the following Industrial Wastewater
functions: space articulation, screening, privacy control and ● discharged by industries after water has been utilized in
anticipation enhancement. production processes

Aesthetic Uses Agricultural Run-off

● Trees and shrubs in frame views soften architectural lines, ● wastewater from farms which often carries fecal materials,
enhance and complement architectural elements, unify soil particles, fertilizers (phosphates and nitrates), and
divergent elements and introduce a naturalness to otherwise pesticides
stark settings.
Storm-water Run-off
Engineering Uses ● results from rainfall and may cause turbidity and
● Trees and plants are also used in solving environmental contamination of receiving water bodies
engineering problems involving not only landscaping but
also for soil erosion, air pollution, noise abatement, traffic Naturally-occuring Sources
control and glare and reflection reduction.
SURFACE WATER QUALITY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
TARGET AREAS FOR URBAN FOREST Untreated Domestic Sewage
● Parks ● leading contributor to water pollution
● Street Right-of-Way
● Public Buildings and Grounds Industrial Wastewater Pollution
● Extraterritorial Lands ● comes mainly from manufacturing processes
● Riparian Areas
● Private Lands Threats from Non-point Pollution Sources
● contribute extraneous materials into watercourses from an
TREE SPECIES extensively wide area
Trees with Bright Colors
● Bottle brush (Callistemon lanceolata) Inefficient Solid Waste Management
● Banaba (Largerstroemi speciosa) ● the indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes particularly in
● Dapdap (Erythrina orientalis) urban areas creates aesthetic, nuisance and health problems

Trees with beautiful foliage or needles

DISASTER EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE AND
● Norfolk pine (Araucaria excelsa)
RESCUE TRAINING
● Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia)
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
● Buri Palm (Corypha elata)
First Aid
● an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or
Shrubs with bright flowers or colorful foliage
suddenly taken ill
● Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
● includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not
● Gumamela (Hibiscus spp.)
available or delayed
● Yellow bell (Solandra hartwegii)

OBJECTIVES
Other species
➔ To alleviate suffering
● Rain tree (Samanea saman)
➔ To prevent further injury or danger
● Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
➔ To prolong life
● Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)
● Rubber tree (Hevea brasilliensis)
First Aider
● Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito)
● bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the
Physician
Oplan Sagip Puno
● aims to raise the level of awareness of Metro Manila residents
on the urgent need to save damaged and injured growing
 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FACTS ABOUT BREATHING AND CIRCULATION
➔ Ensure safety of him/herself and that of the ● 21%, air that enters the lungs which contains oxygen and only
bystanders a trace of carbon dioxide
➔ Gain access to the victim ● Air that is exhaled from the lungs contains about 17% oxygen,
➔ Determine any threats to victim’s life 4% carbon dioxide, and 1% other gases
➔ Activate advanced medical care (Call for Help!) ● Right side of the heart – pumps blood to the lungs, where
➔ Provide needed care to the victim blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
➔ Assist advanced personnel assistance ● All body tissues require oxygen, the brain requires more than
➔ Record all finding and care given to the victim any other tissue

CHARACTERISTICS Clinical Death

1. Gentle → should not cause pain ➔ (-) breathing & circulation
2. Resourceful → should make the best use of things ➔ 0-4 mins – brain damage not likely
at hand ➔ 4-6 minutes – brain damage probable
3. Observant → should notice all signs
4. Tactful → should not alarm the victim Biological Death
5. Emphatic → should be comforting ➔ when the brain has been deprived of oxygenated
6. Respectable → should maintain a professional and blood for a period of 6 mins. or more an irreversible
caring attitude damage probably occurred
➔ 6-10 minutes – brain damage probable
CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ➔ 10 minutes+ – brain damage is certain
Respiratory System Cardiac Arrest
● delivers oxygen to the body, as well as carbon dioxide from ● circulation of blood throughout the body ceases and vital
the body organs are deprived of oxygen
● Respiration – passage of air into and out of the lungs
● Inspiration – inhaling or breathing-in CONDITIONS
● Expiration – exhaling or breathing-out Cardiovascular Collapse
➔ the heart is still beating but its action is so weak
that blood is not being circulated through the
vascular system to the brain body tissues

Ventricular Fibrillation
➔ occurs when the individual fascicles of the heart
beat independently rather than the coordinated,
synchronized manner that produce rhythmic
heartbeat

Cardiac Standstill
➔ the heart has stopped beating

COMMON PULSE SITES

Neck (carotid) Pulse
Circulatory System ● placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s
● delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues and apple
removes waste products
● consist of heart, blood vessels, and blood Groin (femoral) Pulse
● press the tips of two fingers into the middle of the groin
Heart
➔ functions as a pump to circulate the blood Wrist (radial) Pulse
continuously through the blood vessels to all parts ● place your first two fingers on the thumb side of the
of the body casualty’s wrist
➔ tt contracts, forcing the blood from its chambers;
then it relaxes, permitting its chambers to refill Ankle (posterial tibial) Pulse
with blood ● place your first two fingers on the inside of the Ankle
➔ Heartbeat → rhythmical cycle of contraction and
relaxation
➔ 60-80 beats per minute
Basic Life Support ➔ Depth – Adult: 1.5 TO 2 inches, Child & infant: 1/3 to
● an emergency procedure that consists of recognizing 1/2 depth of chest
respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper ➔ Complete chest recoil
application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or ➔ Minimize interruptions < 10 seconds
advanced life support is available ➔ Change Regularly

CHAIN OF SURVIVAL BLEEDING AND SHOCK

➔ FIRST LINK: Early Access Hemorrhage
➔ SECOND LINK: Early CPR ● The critical time is 4 minutes to restore the victim to normal
➔ THIRD LINK: Early Defibrillation before brain damage takes place.
➔ FOURTH LINK: Early Advanced ACLS ● Blood is escaping from arteries, capillary vessels, or veins.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR TYPES

● an emergency procedure for the victim who is not breathing Arterial Bleeding
and whose heart has stopped beating (cardiac arrest) ➔ blood from an open artery
● involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue ➔ bright red colored blood
breathing ➔ blood spurts are synchronized with the pulse

CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR Venous Bleeding

➔ The patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt ➔ blood from an open vein
Resuscitation” (DNAR) order ➔ dark red colored blood
➔ Victim has signs of irreversible death ➔ blood escapes in a slow steady flow
➔ No physiological benefit can be expected Capillary Bleeding
➔ blood from damaged capillaries
DRABC ➔ intermediate between bright and dark red colored
1. Assess for Danger blood
a. Is it safe for me to approach the person? ➔ blood only oozes from the wound
b. Are there threats such as fire, falling
rocks, vehicles, water? HOW TO RECOGNIZE CLINICAL SHOCK
2. Assess for Responsiveness ➔ pale, cold clammy skin
a. For adult and child: Tap the victim’s ➔ thirst
shoulder and shout “Are you OK?” ➔ feels weak and dizzy
b. For infant: Tap the infant’s foot and ➔ blueness around lips or ear lobes
observe ➔ restlessness
3. Open the Airway ➔ fast, shallow breathing
a. Lay Rescuer: head-tilt chin-lift even in
trauma Wounds
b. Health care provider: head-tilt chin-lift ● a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal
and Jaw thrust without head extension or external
4. Check for Breathing
a. Look along the body to see if the chest is CLASSIFICATIONS
moving up and down. Closed Wound
b. Feel for breath on your cheek. ➔ the skin has not been penetrated on both ends
c. Listen for breathing, put your ear close to
the unconscious person’s mouth and Open Wounds
nose. ➔ bone has broken through the skin
5. Check for Circulation
a. Pulse check (for Healthcare Providers CAUSES
only) not more than 10 seconds A. Direct contact with a sharp or blunt object.
b. 30 compressions : 2 breathes B. Direct contact with a rough surface
c. Rate: 100 per minute C. Explosions and gunshot
d. Recheck breathing and pulse every 5
cycles Abrasion
● a wound involving the top layer of the skin mostly with a
wide surface
● results from scraping rough surfaces

Lacerated Wound
● caused by any hard or blunt object

Punctured Wound
WHEN TO STOP CPR? ● a break in the skin with a small opening caused by sharp
➔ Spontaneous breathing and pulse are restored. pointed objects
➔ Victim is turned-over to medical services or Amputation
properly trained and authorized personnel. ● cutting or tearing off of a body part or limbs
➔ Operator (rescuer) is already exhausted and cannot
continue CPR. Avulsion
➔ Physician assumes responsibility (declares death, ● tearing off of a part of skin/tissues
takes over, etc) ● a kind of wound that involves a forcible separation of tissue
from the victim's body
HIGH QUALITY CPR
➔ Rate – push hard, push fast 100/min
Hematoma or Contusions Chest Bandage
● accumulation of blood underneath the skin

Impaled Objects
● injury caused by any object that is embedded in the body

Evisceration
● protrusion of body organ through an open wound

BURNS AND SCALDS

Burn
● an injury that results from heat, chemical agents, or radiation.
It may vary in depth, size, and severity

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BURN DEPTH Hand Bandage

First Degree
➔ the outer skin is reddened and welted or slightly
swollen

Second Degree
➔ the underskin is affected and blisters are formed

Third Degree
➔ the skin is destroyed and tissues underneath are
damaged

Scald
● a burn caused by a liquid
Arm Sling
DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES
Dressing
● a sterile pad, or compress that is applied directly over a
wound to promote healing

PURPOSE
➔ To protect the wound
➔ To control/ stop bleeding
➔ To apply medication
➔ To absorb excess moisture/discharges from the
wound
➔ To prevent infection
➔ To prevent further injury
➔ To promote healing
➔ Provide comfort

Underarm Sling
Bandage
● any material that is used to hold a dressing or compress in
place, to prevent infection of a wound, to apply pressure to
control bleeding, or to support broken bones when used as a
sling
● includes gauze, triangular, elastic, and tubular

Head Top for Head Injuries

Cravat Bandage for Forehead

Cravat Bandage for Cheek

Cravat Bandage for Ear

Cravat Bandage for the Forearm or Arm

Cravat Bandage for Leg or Thigh