Practical 1
Aim: To study SQL and Features of SQL.
SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.
What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language
SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987
What Can SQL do?
SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
SQL can create new tables in a database
SQL can create stored procedures in a database
SQL can create views in a database
SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
Features of Structured Query Language (SQL)
1. Data Definition Language (DDL): SQL provides a set of commands to define and modify the
structure of a database, including creating tables, modifying table structure, and dropping
tables.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML): SQL provides a set of commands to manipulate data
within a database, including adding, modifying, and deleting data.
3. Query Language: SQL provides a rich set of commands for querying a database to retrieve
data, including the ability to filter, sort, group, and join data from multiple tables.
4. Transaction Control: SQL supports transaction processing, which allows users to group a set
of database operations into a single transaction that can be rolled back in case of failure.
5. Data Integrity: SQL includes features to enforce data integrity, such as the ability to specify
constraints on the values that can be inserted or updated in a table, and to enforce
referential integrity between tables.
6. User Access Control: SQL provides mechanisms to control user access to a database,
including the ability to grant and revoke privileges to perform certain operations on the
database.
7. Portability: SQL is a standardized language, meaning that SQL code written for one database
management system can be used on another system with minimal modification.
