The Foolproof Beginners Guide To Sourdough Ebook
The Foolproof Beginners Guide To Sourdough Ebook
SOURDOUGH
The Southern Sourdough Co.
Contents
Introduction: Welcome to Sourdough Bread Baking
Glossary of Terms
-Understanding all the sourdough lingo
Introduction
Welcome to
Sourdough Bread Baking
Welcome to the wonderful world of sourdough! If you've ever dreamed of
creating your own delicious, crusty, and aromatic bread from scratch, you're in
for a treat – and a few laughs along the way.
Sourdough baking isn't just about flour, water, and a pinch of salt; it's a
journey filled with bubbling starter pets, dough that refuses to behave, and
triumphant, mouthwatering successes. In this guide, we'll take you by the hand
(figuratively, of course) and lead you through every step of the sourdough
process, all while sharing a healthy dose of humor to keep things light and
entertaining.
You might be wondering, "Why sourdough?" Well, for starters, there's nothing
quite like the satisfaction of pulling a perfectly baked loaf of bread from your
own oven. The intoxicating aroma alone is worth the effort. Plus, sourdough is
a timeless tradition that connects bakers across generations and continents. It's
a journey that, once embarked upon, becomes a lifelong pursuit of the perfect
crust and crumb.
In this guide, we'll start from the very beginning, explaining the science of
sourdough in a way that won't make your head spin. You'll learn to create your
own starter, mix and knead the dough, and watch it transform into a work of
art as it bakes. Along the way, we'll share personal stories of sourdough
mishaps and moments of sheer triumph to remind you that, yes, even the most
seasoned bakers have their doughy disasters.
So, whether you're a complete novice or a seasoned home baker looking to dive
into the world of sourdough, this guide is for you. Get ready to embrace the
doughy delight that is sourdough baking, armed with foolproof instructions, a
sprinkle of humor, and the knowledge that your kitchen is about to become a
place of magic and deliciousness. Let's embark on this floury adventure
together, one doughy tale at a time!
Chapter 1
Getting Acquainted
with Sourdough
Welcome to the enchanting world of sourdough! In this chapter, we'll start our
sourdough journey by getting to know the basics. Sourdough is more than just
bread; it's a living, breathing entity that will become your companion in the
kitchen. So, let's dive in and discover what makes sourdough so special.
Sourdough is more than just a type of bread; it's a unique and ancient method of
breadmaking that predates modern commercial yeast. At its core, sourdough is
made using just three simple ingredients: flour, water, and salt. But the secret
ingredient that sets sourdough apart is wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria,
which create a naturally fermented starter. This starter gives sourdough its
characteristic flavor, chewy texture, and delightful tanginess.
Sourdough has a history as rich as its flavor. It's believed to have been
discovered by our resourceful ancestors who left a mixture of flour and water
out, only to find it bubbling and leavened the next day. This discovery led to the
development of sourdough as a reliable method of bread making, especially in
regions with limited access to commercial yeast. From Gold Rush prospectors
carrying sourdough starters in their pockets to ancient Egyptians crafting
sourdough-like loaves, this bread has stood the test of time.
The Science of Sourdough (It's like a delicious science experiment)
Sourdough is equal parts art and science. Here's a simplified breakdown: when you
create a sourdough starter, you're capturing wild yeast from your environment.
This yeast ferments the flour and water mixture, creating carbon dioxide gas and
lactic acid. The gas makes your dough rise, while the lactic acid gives sourdough its
characteristic tangy flavor.
Understanding this science will help demystify the sourdough process and allow
you to troubleshoot when things don't go as planned. Don't worry; we'll explore
this in more detail as we progress through the chapters.
If the science behind sourdough seems a bit intimidating, fear not! We won't delve
too deep into the intricacies in this beginner's guide. Our focus is on practical,
hands-on experience. You'll learn by doing, and before you know it, you'll be a
sourdough expert in the making.
So, there you have it—a brief introduction to the magical world of sourdough. In
the chapters to come, we'll roll up our sleeves, get our hands floury, and take your
first steps into the sourdough baking adventure. Get ready; it's going to be a
deliciously fun ride!
Chapter 2
Gather Your
Sourdough Arsenal
Now that we're acquainted with the fascinating world of sourdough, it's time to
assemble your sourdough toolkit. Baking sourdough is an art, and every artist
needs their tools. Don't worry; you won't need a fancy, high-tech kitchen to get
started. Here's what you'll need to kick off your sourdough adventure.
1. Flour:
Flour is the foundation of your sourdough bread. You'll primarily use
unbleached all-purpose or bread flour, but experimenting with other flours like
whole wheat or rye can add unique flavors and textures to your loaves.
2. Water:
Water is a critical component of your dough. It hydrates the flour and activates
the natural fermentation process in your starter. You’ll want to use filtered,
room temperature water if possible to eliminate chlorine and contaminants that
can be found in most tap water. Bottled water will work too!
3. Salt:
Salt enhances the flavor of your bread, strengthens the dough, and controls
fermentation. It's a small but essential ingredient.
4. Sourdough Starter:
Your sourdough starter is your ticket to tangy, flavorful bread. If you haven't
already, follow the instructions in Chapter 3 to create your own starter. You
can also obtain a starter from a friend or reputable source.
Your Trusty Kitchen Tools
I have put together a full list on Amazon to make your shopping easy.
Sourdough Baking Essentials Shopping List
1. Mixing Bowl:
A sturdy mixing bowl large enough to accommodate your dough is crucial.
Glass or stainless steel bowls work well.
2. Measuring Tools:
Precise measurements are essential in baking. Invest in a kitchen scale for
accurate flour and water measurements. You'll also need measuring cups and
spoons for other ingredients.
9. Parchment Paper:
This makes transferring your shaped dough into the hot Dutch oven a breeze
and prevents sticking.
1. Seeds:
Add flaxseeds, sesame seeds, or poppy seeds for extra flavor and texture.
2. Herbs:
Rosemary, thyme, or basil can elevate your sourdough with a hint of freshness.
3. Cheese:
Grated or cubed cheddar, parmesan, or blue cheese can make your bread
downright irresistible. The options are endless when it comes to cheesy
creations.
4. Dried Fruits:
Raisins, cranberries, or apricots add a touch of sweetness to your loaf.
Building Your
Sourdough Starter
Congratulations on making it this far on your sourdough journey! Now, it's time
to create your very own sourdough starter, the heart and soul of your bread.
Think of it as adopting a pet, one that's incredibly low-maintenance but
provides a lifetime of joy (and bread). Let's dive into the process of nurturing
and growing your starter from scratch.
Just like a pet, your sourdough starter needs love, attention, and a good name.
My girl’s name is Eve. Naming your starter adds a personal touch to your
baking adventure. It's also fun to have conversations with it (yes, really, some
bakers do that!). Pick a name that makes you smile or reflects your starter's
personality. Maybe it's "Sourcy," "Doughy McDoughface," or "Yeastie Boy."
Creating Your Starter from Scratch (Like magic, but not really)
You will need a glass jar to be the home of your new starter. This can be a jar
you purchase or even an old pickle jar (that’s cleaned throughly of course).
Make sure your jar is at least 16oz in size.
Ingredients:
- 1 cup unbleached all-purpose flour, unbleached bread flour or whole wheat
flour
- 1/2 cup room temperature filtered water (around 75-80°F or 24-27°C)
Day 1:
1. In your glass jar, combine 1 cup of flour and 1/2 cup of water until you have
a thick, pancake batter-like consistency. If your starter is too thick you can
gradually add a little bit of water until you reach the desired thick pancake
batter consistency.
2. Cover it loosely with a clean kitchen towel or plastic wrap, secured with a
rubber band. You can also place the lid on top (just be sure not to close it
tightly)
Day 2:
1. Check your starter. You may notice tiny bubbles starting to form on the
surface.
2. Discard half of the mixture (about half a cup) to make room for the feeding.
This is called a "discard" and is normal.
3. Add another half cup of flour and 1/4 cup of room temperature filtered water
to the remaining mixture. Stir until well combined.
4. Cover loosely again.
Day 3:
1. By now, you should see more bubbles, and your starter may have doubled in
size.
2. Again, discard half (about half a cup) of the mixture.
3. Feed it with another half cup of flour and 1/4 cup of lukewarm water.
4. Cover it loosely.
Day 4-7:
1. Continue with the daily discard-and-feed routine.
2. By the end of this week, your starter should be bubbly, have a pleasant tangy
aroma, and rise predictably 4-8 hours after feeding. It's ready to use!
Remember, patience is key during this process. It may take a few days for your
starter to show signs of life, but once it does, you'll be on your way to baking
beautiful sourdough loaves. My starter Eve that I made took 2 full weeks to
become fully active and ready to use. Trust the process.
Daily Feeding Rituals (Don't forget to talk to your starter)
1. Take your starter out of the fridge and let it come to room temperature.
2. Discard half (about half a cup) of the starter.
3. Feed it with the usual half cup of flour and 1/4 cup of room temperature
filtered water.
4. Allow it to sit at room temperature for a few hours or until it becomes bubbly
before returning it to the fridge.
If you plan to maintain your starter at room temperature, it will need to be fed
on a daily basis with the same flour to water ratios above.
Remember, your starter is resilient. If you forget to feed it for a while, it's not
the end of the world. With a little TLC, it can often be revived.
If your starter isn't behaving as expected, don't panic. It's common to encounter
a few hiccups along the way. Here are some common issues and how to address
them:
No Bubbles: If you don't see any bubbles after several days, try moving your
starter to a warmer spot in your kitchen, or use whole wheat flour for a few
feedings to give it a boost.
Funky Smells: A starter can develop odd odors, especially early on. If it smells
like nail polish remover, don't be alarmed; it's just going through an acetone
phase. Continue with the daily feedings, and it should mellow out.
Hooch (Liquid on Top): Sometimes, a clear or dark liquid forms on top of the
starter. This is called "hooch" and is a sign that your starter is hungry. Pour off
the hooch (or mix in for an extra sour kick) and proceed with the regular
feeding.
Ingredients:
1/2 cup (100grams) of active, bubbly sourdough starter
3 cups (500grams) of unbleached bread flour (King Arthur brand is my
favorite)
1 1/2 cups (350 grams) room temperature water
2 teaspoons (10 grams) of salt
Over the next few hours, you'll perform a series of stretch and fold motions to
strengthen your dough. This process replaces traditional kneading and is
gentler on the dough.
1. Uncover your dough and perform a "stretch and fold" To do this, wet your
hands to prevent sticking, then grab one side of the dough, stretch it up gently,
and fold it over the center. Repeat this process from all four sides of the dough.
2. Cover the bowl and let the dough rest for 30 minutes.
3. Repeat the fold and stretch process three more times, with 30-minute rests in
between. This gives your dough structure and encourages fermentation.
By the end of these folds, your dough should be smoother and feel elastic.
Congratulations!
You've successfully mixed, folded, and stretched your dough into a state of
readiness. At this point, your dough is like a slumbering giant, full of potential.
In the next chapter, we'll delve into bulk fermentation, where your dough will
come alive with fermentation and flavor. Get ready for the exciting rise of your
sourdough!
Chapter 5
Bulk fermentation is the period during which your dough undergoes its primary
rise. During this time, the natural yeast and lactic acid bacteria in your
sourdough starter work their wonders, fermenting the dough and creating those
characteristic bubbles and tangy flavors.
1. The Dough Bowl: Keep your dough in the same bowl you've been using.
Cover it with plastic wrap or a damp kitchen or flour sack towel to prevent it
from drying out. It's time for the dough to shine.
2. The Wait Begins: Your dough will need to rest and rise for an extended
period. This can range from 3.5 to 12 hours, depending on factors like room
temperature and the strength of your starter. A warmer room will speed up
fermentation, while a cooler room will slow it down. Aim for a temperature
around 70-75°F (21-24°C) for the best results.
3. Patience Is Key: As the hours pass, you'll notice your dough gradually
rising. You're looking for your dough to approximately double in size.
4. The Poke Test: To check if your dough is ready, use the "poke" test. A
gentle poke should leave a slight impression that fills back in slowly. Your
dough will also be forming some small bubble across the top and sides.
5.Wrap It Up: Once your dough has completed bulk fermentation, it's time to
move on to the next step. Cover your bowl again and get ready to shape your
dough.
Humidity Matters
Troubleshooting
If your dough doesn't rise as expected during bulk fermentation, don't worry.
There are many factors that can affect fermentation, including the strength of
your starter and the temperature of your kitchen. You can extend the
fermentation time, increase room temperature, or adjust the ratio of starter to
flour in future bakes to achieve different results.
Now that bulk rise/fermentation is complete it’s time to shape your dough. We
are going to start with a boule (pronounced “bool”), This is a ball shaped dough.
Turn your dough out onto a clean/lightly floured surface (tilt your bowl and let
gravity slide your dough out rather than pulling it out of the bowl as this can
cause is to deflate). Gently pat your down down into a rough
square/rectangular shape. From here you’re going to pick up one side of the
dough and fold it to the middle, repeat with the other side. You’re going for a
long burrito like shape here. After, you will start at one end of your burrito
shaped dough and roll the dough up to the other side. It’ll look a little like a big
cinnamon roll from the side. Now, cup your hands around the dough and gently
rotate it on the countertop while tucking the edges underneath. Think of a push
and pull motion. (I have some examples on my TikTok page if you need help
with this step). Continue this process until you have a nicely shaped, smooth,
round ball of dough. Place your dough ball seam side up (upside down) in a well
floured banneton proofing basket or a towel lined bowl, also liberally floured.
The Second Rise (It's like dough's beauty sleep)
After shaping, your dough needs a bit more time to rise before baking. This is
the second rise, also known as the proofing stage.
1.Cover and Rest:Gently cover your shaped dough with a kitchen towel or
plastic bowl cover. Let it rest for 30 minutes to an hour at room temperature.
Your dough will give you subtle hints when it's ready for baking:
Volume Increase:It should visibly expand during the second rise. It won't
double in size like it did during bulk fermentation, but you'll notice a noticeable
increase in volume.
Finger Poke Test: Gently press a floured finger into the dough. If it leaves an
impression that fills back in slowly, your dough is ready. If it springs back
quickly, it needs more time.
With your dough shaped, risen, and ready for its final transformation in the
oven, you're now on the brink of baking a delicious and nutricious artisan loaf of
sourdough. In the next chapter, we'll delve into the exciting world of baking
your sourdough, creating that mouthwatering crust, and enjoying the fruits of
your labor.
Chapter 6
Before you even think about placing your dough in the oven, you must ensure
it's properly preheated. The right oven temperature is crucial for achieving that
perfect rise and crust.
1. Preheat Your Oven: Turn your oven to the desired baking temperature
(usually around 450°F or 230°C for most sourdough recipes) and place a
Dutch oven, bread oven or a baking stone on the middle rack. Preheating should
take about 30 minutes to ensure even heat distribution.
- It allows the dough to expand and release steam, preventing unsightly cracks.
- It gives your bread a distinctive look, adding to its visual appeal.
- It directs the way your dough will rise, helping you achieve the desired shape.
1. Carefully remove the preheated Dutch oven, bread oven or baking stone from
the oven using oven mitts or pot holders.
2. Place your parchment paper with the shaped dough directly into the hot
Dutch oven, bread oven or onto the hot baking stone.
3. With a sharp blade, a lame, or even a very sharp knife, make your desired
cuts on the surface of the dough. Common patterns include a simple "X" across
the top, a square grid, or a swirl. A single score across one side of your loaf will
create the “ear” that I always refer to in my videos.
Don't rush this step. Confident, deliberate strokes work best, and you can get
creative with your designs. Just be careful not to deflate your dough too much
while scoring.
If you are wanting to create a decorative design, make sure the decorative
scores are more shallow than your main score.
Into the Oven (Cue the dramatic music)
Now comes the thrilling moment when your dough enters the scorching hot
oven. Here's how to do it:
1. With your scored dough safely in the hot Dutch oven, bread oven or on the
baking stone, cover it with the lid (if using a Dutch oven or bread oven).
2. Carefully slide the Dutch oven, bread oven or stone back into the preheated
oven. If your oven setup allows, you can also use a steam-generating method,
like placing a pan of hot water on the lower rack, to create a steamy
environment when baking on an open stone or by adding a few ice cubes to your
Dutch or bread oven. Steam helps form a beautiful crust.
Bake your loaf at 450°F or 230°C with the lid on for 30 minutes. Then remove
the lid and continue to bake for 15 minutes until the crust is golden brown.
As your dough bakes, your kitchen will be filled with the irresistible aroma of
fresh bread. This is where your hard work and patience pay off. Here's what to
expect:
1. Oven Spring: During the first few minutes of baking, your dough will
undergo a phenomenon known as "oven spring." The high heat causes a rapid
rise, and you'll notice your dough expanding and opening up its cuts.
2. Golden Crust: The crust will gradually turn a beautiful golden brown color,
and you may see your scored patterns opening up even more.
3. The Music of Crust: Listen for a hollow sound when you tap the bottom of
your loaf. This is a sign that it's done.
Humidity Matters
You can achieve this by using a Dutch oven with a lid or spraying your dough
and oven walls with water right before closing the oven door. Remember to
follow safety precautions when dealing with steam.
Success Is Sweet
The sweet smell of success permeates your kitchen as you gaze upon your
freshly baked sourdough masterpiece. In the next chapter, we'll explore the final
steps of cooling, slicing, and savoring your creation. Get ready to enjoy the
fruits of your labor!
Chapter 7
Your bread has emerged from the oven, golden and fragrant. Now, it's crucial
to exercise a little more patience during the cooling process. Rushing this step
can lead to a gummy interior, so resist the urge to slice into your bread while
it's still hot.
2. Let It Rest: Allow your bread to cool for at least an hour, ideally longer if
you can resist. This time allows the crumb structure to set, ensuring a desirable
texture when you finally slice into it.
Slicing sourdough bread is both an art and a science. Achieving the perfect slice
takes practice, but it's oh-so-rewarding.
1. Use a Bread Knife: A serrated bread knife is your best friend when it comes
to slicing sourdough. The teeth of the knife cut through the crust without
compressing the delicate interior.
2. Hold Steady: Place your loaf on a cutting board or another flat surface. Hold
it steady with one hand while gently sawing through the bread with the knife in
the other.
3. Desired Thickness: Slice your bread to your desired thickness. For
sandwiches, you may want thinner slices, while thicker slices are excellent for
toasting and slathering with butter or jam.
4. Mind the Crust: The crust is one of the highlights of sourdough. Embrace its
crackling texture as you slice through it.
Now comes the moment you've been waiting for – tasting your homemade
sourdough bread.
1. Keep It Simple: Enjoy the first slice plain or with a touch of high-quality
butter. This allows you to savor the true flavor of your bread.
2. Get Creative: Experiment with toppings like avocado, cream cheese, smoked
salmon, or artisanal cheeses. The possibilities are endless.
3. Toast It: Toasting slices of sourdough can unlock a world of flavor. Top with
avocado, poached eggs, or your favorite spread for a delectable breakfast or
snack.
As you savor each bite of your homemade sourdough bread, take a moment to
reflect on your sourdough journey. From the creation of your starter to the
final, perfect slice, you've embarked on a culinary adventure filled with learning,
patience, and, of course, delicious rewards.
Your newfound sourdough skills are a valuable gift, one that you can continue
to hone and share for years to come. So, keep experimenting, keep sharing, and
most importantly, keep enjoying the delightful world of sourdough baking.
Congratulations on your sourdough success!
Chapter 8
Sourdough Bloopers
and Blunders
Every sourdough baker, no matter how experienced, has a story of a bread gone
wrong. In this chapter, we'll explore the art of embracing your failures, common
sourdough mistakes, and how to fix them. Plus, we'll share some hilarious home
baker stories to remind you that even the best bakers have their moments.
Sourdough baking is a journey filled with ups and downs, and failures are an
integral part of that journey. Don't be discouraged; instead, view them as
valuable lessons.
1. Learn and Adapt: Each mistake is an opportunity to learn and refine your
skills. Analyze what went wrong and use that knowledge to improve.
2. Persistence Pays: The best bakers often have a trail of "bread corpses" in
their kitchens. Don't give up. Keep experimenting and pushing your boundaries.
3. Share the Fun: Many hilarious baking stories come from mishaps. Laugh at
yourself, share your tales with fellow bakers, and you'll find camaraderie in
your shared experiences.
Let's explore some of the most common sourdough mistakes and how to turn
them around:
Fix: Shorten the bulk fermentation time, use a stronger starter, and ensure your
dough rises adequately during the second rise.
2. Excessive Sourdough Tang
Fix: Reduce bulk fermentation time, use less starter, or opt for shorter rises
during bulk and proofing.
3. Sticky Dough
Fix: Adjust the hydration in your recipe or ferment for a shorter period of time
during the bulk fermentation.
Fix: Ensure your Dutch oven is thoroughly preheated, and always use
parchment paper to prevent sticking.
Mistake: Overbaking.
7. Gummy Crumb
Fix: Increase baking time until your bread achieves the desired internal
temperature (around 200°F or 93°C) or wait at least one hour for the bread to
cool before slicing.
Hilarious Home Baker Stories
To remind you that even the pros have their share of mishaps, here are a few
funny sourdough stories from fellow home bakers:
The Overzealous Oven: One baker preheated the oven, only to realize they left
their proofing basket inside. It emerged as a "bread hat" on their loaf.
The Moldy Starter: Another baker forgot their starter in the pantry for weeks,
and it grew a colorful garden of mold. After a thorough cleaning, they
resurrected it with a fresh start.
And my personal favorite: When I baked my very first loaf it came out of the
oven looking like a hockey puck. Dense was an understatement!
Remember, these stories are all part of the learning process. The most
important thing is to have fun and enjoy the delicious, ever-evolving world of
sourdough baking.
With the lessons learned from your mistakes and the joy of your successes,
you're well-equipped to continue your sourdough journey. Keep baking, keep
laughing, and most importantly, keep savoring the delightful flavors of
homemade sourdough bread.
Chapter 9
Your sourdough starter is a versatile companion, and it can be the starting point
for various culinary experiments:
3. Sourdough Crackers:
- Create savory crackers by combining your starter with herbs, spices, and
seeds. They make a delightful accompaniment to cheese or dips.
4. Sourdough Pastries:
- Experiment with croissants, cinnamon rolls, or Danish pastries infused with
sourdough flavor.
5. Sourdough Pretzels:
- Craft chewy, golden pretzels with the distinctive tang of sourdough. Don't
forget the dipping sauces!
1. Teach Others:
- Host sourdough baking workshops or share your knowledge with friends and
family who want to embark on their own sourdough adventure.
Happy baking!
Chapter 10
Parting Words of
Yeasty Wisdom
As we come to the final chapter of your sourdough journey, it's important to
remember that baking sourdough is not just about perfect loaves; it's about the
joy, the process, and the sense of accomplishment it brings. Here are some
parting words of yeasty wisdom to keep in your heart as you continue your
sourdough adventure:
While achieving that perfect loaf of sourdough bread can be a rewarding goal,
don't forget to have fun along the way. Baking should bring joy, not stress. If a
loaf doesn't turn out as planned, embrace it as an opportunity to learn and
grow. After all, even the quirkiest loaves have their own unique charm.
Sourdough baking is not just about creating a delicious loaf; it's about the entire
experience. It's the joy of nurturing a living starter, the satisfaction of kneading
and shaping dough, and the anticipation of that first slice of freshly baked
bread. It's the aroma that fills your kitchen and the smiles it brings to those you
share it with. Embrace these moments of pure happiness in your sourdough
journey.
Keep Baking
So, as you close this chapter on your sourdough journey, I encourage you to
carry the lessons you've learned and the joy you've experienced into every
aspect of your life. Embrace imperfections, savor the process, and, above all,
keep baking. Whether you're sharing a loaf with a loved one or simply savoring
a slice with a cup of coffee, let the magic of sourdough continue to enrich your
life.
Thank you for allowing me to be part of your sourdough adventure. May your
future bakes be filled with love, creativity, and the delicious aroma of freshly
baked bread. Keep the yeasty spirit alive, and may your kitchen always be a
place of warmth and happiness.
Happy baking and may your sourdough journey be as fulfilling and delightful as
you've imagined.
Jennifer Jewett
The Southern Sourdough Co.
Appendix
Helpful Resources
Amazon Shopping Link for Sourdough Baking Essentials
Autolyse: A resting period after combining flour and water in the initial dough
mix. This allows for gluten development and improved dough hydration.
Bulk Fermentation: The initial rise of the dough after mixing all ingredients,
where fermentation and gluten development occur. It can last from a few hours
to overnight.
Crumb: The interior of the bread, consisting of the air pockets and structure
created during fermentation and baking.
Dutch Oven: A heavy, lidded pot used for baking sourdough bread. It traps
steam, creating a moist environment that aids oven spring and crust formation.
Fermentation: The process by which yeast and lactic acid bacteria metabolize
sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide, which causes the dough to rise,
and organic acids, giving the bread its signature tangy flavor.
Lame: A razor blade or special bread-slashing tool used for scoring the surface
of the dough before baking, allowing it to expand and release steam during
baking.
Levain: A mixture of sourdough starter, flour, and water used as a pre-ferment
in sourdough recipes, contributing to flavor, rise, and texture.
Proof: The final rise of the shaped dough before baking. It allows the dough to
relax and develop flavor. Also known as the second rise.
Scoring: The process of making shallow cuts or patterns on the surface of the
dough just before baking. It controls expansion and creates an attractive design.
Sourdough Starter: A mixture of flour and water populated by wild yeast and
lactic acid bacteria. It serves as the leavening agent in sourdough bread and
provides its unique flavor.
Starter Feeding: The process of adding fresh flour and water to the sourdough
starter to refresh its activity and maintain its health.
Stretch and Fold: A technique used during bulk fermentation to strengthen the
dough's gluten and evenly distribute fermentation by gently lifting and folding
the dough.