Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Bamboo encompasses a wide variety of species with unique structural
and mechanical properties, like different types of wood. It emphasizes that
even within a single bamboo species, variations in age, moisture content,
growing conditions, and the specific section of the bamboo culm
significantly affect its mechanical properties (The mechanical, n.d.). While
(Muhammad, Muhammad, Wajid, & Saeed, 2022) defined bamboo as a fast-
growing and abundant resource, that offers a sustainable alternative to
traditional construction materials. It boasts varying mechanical properties
depending on species and growing conditions, making it suitable for various
applications, from engineered bamboo for roofing and flooring to structural
members and reinforcement in concrete. Standardized testing procedures
and specifications are crucial to expanding bamboo's use in construction.
The study of (Stamm, 2000) state that Bamboo's strength is
characterized by its exceptional bending resistance, exceeding the solid
round bars due to its unique hollow, tubular structure. Its compressive
strength is directly linked to lignin content, with higher levels leading to
greater resistance. Bamboo also demonstrates superior tensile strength
compared to compression, especially in slim tubes where the outer skin's
elastic fibers contribute significantly. Similarly, the findings of (Mechanical
Properties of Bamboo, 2012) claims examine bamboo's strength
characteristics, emphasizing its potential as a building material due to
superior compressive, tensile, and shear strength compared to traditional
timbers. However, the lack of standardized building codes globally impedes
its widespread adoption. It underscores the impact of age, moisture content,
and stem location on bamboo's mechanical properties, calling for more
research and standardized codes to encourage its use in construction.
This study of (Chaowana, Wisadsatorn, & Chaowana, 2021) found that
bamboo culm size significantly impacts its load-bearing capacity. While
Dendrocalamus asper supports the most weight, Phyllostachys makinoi
exhibits the best mechanical properties. This study highlights the
importance of selecting the right bamboo species for construction and
emphasizes its sustainability.
In some cases, researchers investigate the seismic performance of a
3-story engineered bamboo frame structure using numerical analysis. The
study of (Zhao & Qiu, 2023) used a simplified modeling approach for
bamboo joints was proposed and validated, demonstrating its ability to
accurately capture the joint's behavior under seismic loads. The analysis
showed that the bamboo frame structure met target performance levels,
providing evidence for the safety and feasibility of using engineered bamboo
in seismic regions. The comparison between bamboo scrimber and timber
was investigated by (Sylvayanti, Nugroho, & Bahtiar, 2023) it shows that
Bamboo scrimber outperforms timber in strength and stiffness, especially in
compression. It is denser, more water-resistant, but weaker in tension.
However, its higher ductility provides a warning before failure, unlike brittle
timber.
The enhancing treatment of bamboo was discussed by (Bacosa &
Loretero, 2023) and stated that both seawater and mango polyphenol
treatments significantly increased its flexural strength. Additionally, (Boity,
Bhandari, & Shukla, 2022) compares the tensile and compressive strength
of treated and untreated bamboo to concrete and steel using a Universal
Testing Machine (UTM). The results show bamboo's potential as a
sustainable building material due to its low embodied energy, ease of
growth, and ability to reduce carbon footprints.
This study of (Bhagat, Bhalla, & West, 2021) Used a fiber-reinforced
bamboo composite (FRBC) material to address the limitations of single
bamboo culms and offer a sustainable alternative to steel and concrete. The
FRBC is created by bonding multiple bamboo culms with polypropylene
fibers and epoxy resin. Flexural tests validate its strength and a theoretical
model aligns with experimental results, offering potential for design
calculations. This research presents FRBC as a promising green structural
material.
References
Bacosa, C. j., & Loretero, M. E. (2023). Flexural Strength of Reinforced - Bamboo Concrete Infill Structural
Beam Subjected to Concentrated Load at Midspan. American Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research and Innovation (AJMRI), 108.
Bhagat, D., Bhalla, S., & West, R. P. (2021). Fabrication and structural evaluation of fibre reinforced
bamboo composite beams as green structural elements. Composites Part C: Open Access,
100176.
Boity, A. K., Bhandari, H., & Shukla, S. (2022). Bamboo as a sustainable building construction material.
materialstoday:proceeding, 306-311.
Chaowana, K., Wisadsatorn, S., & Chaowana, P. (2021). Bamboo as a Sustainable Building Material—
Culm Characteristics and Properties. MDPI, 13.
Mechanical Properties of Bamboo. (2012, November 17 ). Retrieved from guaduabamboo.com:
https://www.guaduabamboo.com/blog/mechanical-properties-of-bamboo
Muhammad, F., Muhammad, H., Wajid, K., & Saeed, Z. (2022). Bamboo as a Construction Material:
Prospects and Challenges. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 165-175.
Retrieved from yadda.icm.edu.p.
Stamm, J. (2000, June). Mechanical properties of bamboo. Retrieved from bambus.rwth-aachen.de:
https://bambus.rwth-aachen.de/eng/reports/mechanical_properties/referat2.html
Sylvayanti, S. P., Nugroho, N., & Bahtiar, E. T. (2023). Bamboo Scrimber’s Physical and Mechanical
Properties in Comparison to Four Structural Timber Species. MDPI, 146.
The mechanical. (n.d.). Retrieved from Bamboo Import Europe:
https://bambooimport.com/en/pages/the-mechanical-properties-of-bamboo
Zhao, J.-C., & Qiu, H.-X. (2023). Seismic performance assessment of a multi-story bamboo frame
structure. Advances in Bamboo Science.
