Departemen Teknik Elektro-Program S1

Fakultas Teknologi Elektro - ITS

Tabel untuk digunakan saat

ETS/EAS PSD Gasal 2024/2025

Rumus-rumus
∞
X
jω
X(e ) = x[n]e−jωn
n=∞

N −1 N −1
1 X j 2π
X 2π
x̃[n] = kn
X̃[k]e N ↔ X̃[k] = x̃[n]e−j N kn
N n=0
k=0

(P
N −1
n=0 x[n]WNkn , k ∈ [0, N − 1]
X[k] =
0 k∈/ [0, N − 1]
( P
N −1
1
N k=0 X[k]WN−kn , n ∈ [0, N − 1]
x[n] =
0 n∈/ [0, N − 1]
WN = e−j(2π/N )

log10 [(10−k1 /10 − 1)/(10−k2 /10 − 1)]

n=d e
2 log10 (1/Ωr )
Ωc = Ωu /(10−K1 /10 − 1)1/2n
Ωc = Ω0r /(10−K2 /10 − 1)1/2n

l log [g + (g 2 − 1)1/2 ] m
10
n= 2 1/2
; g = [(A2 − 1)/2 ]1/2 ; A = 1/|Hn (jΩr )|
log10 [Ωr + (Ωr − 1) ]
PSD S1 ETS - Page 2 of 6 17/10/2024

Standard form
Bn (s) = an sn + an−1 sn−1 + · · · + a1 s + a0
a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 n
1√ 1 1
1 2 1 2
1 2 2 1 3
1 2.613 3.414 2.613 1 4
1 3.236 5.236 5.236 3.236 1 5
1 3.864 7.464 9.141 7.464 3.864 1 6
1 4.494 10.103 14.606 14.606 10.103 4.494 1 7
1 5.126 13.138 21.848 25.691 21.848 13.138 5.126 1 8
Factored form
Bn (s) n

2
√ s+1 1
s + 2s + 1 2
(s2 + s + 1)(s + 1) 3
(s2 + 0.76536s + 1)(s2 + 1.84776s + 1) 4
(s + 1)(s2 + 0.6180s + 1)(s2 + 1.6180s + 1) 5
(s + 0.5176s + 1)(s2 + 2s + 1)(s2 + 1.9318s + 1)
2 6
(s + 1)(s2 + 0.4450s + 1)(s2 + 1.2456s + 1)(s2 + 1.8022s + 1) 7
(s + 0.3986s + 1)(s2 + 1.1110s + 1)(s2 + 1.6630s + 1)(s2 + 1.9622s + 1)
2 8
Butterworth filter
1
Hn (s) = an sn +an−1 sn−1 +···+a1 s+1
= Bn1(s)

Table 1: Finite-Length Sequence and N-point DFT

No Finite-Length Sequence (Length N) N-point DFT (Length N)
1 x[n] X[k]
2 x1 [n], x2 [n] X1 [k], X2 [k]
3 ax1 [n] + bx2 [n] aX1 [k] + bX2 [k]
4 X[n] N x[((−k))N ]
5 x[(n − m))N ] WNkm X[k]
−`n
6 WN x[n] X[((k − `))N ]
PN −1
7 m=0 x1 [m]x2 [((n − m))N ] X1 [k]X2 [k]
1 PN −1
8 x1 [n]x2 [n] N `=0 X1 [`]X2 [((` − k))N ]
9 x∗ [n] X[((−k))N ]
10 x∗ [((−n))N ] X ∗ [k]
11 Re {x[n]} Xep [k] = 12 X[((k))N ] + X ∗ [((−k))N ]
12 jIm {x[n]} Xop [k] = 12 X[((k))N ] − X ∗ [((−k))N ]
13 xep [n] = 2 (x[n] + x∗ [((−n))N ])
1
Re {X[k]}
14 xop [n] = 21 (x[n] − x∗ [((−n))N ]) jIm {X[k]}
PSD S1 ETS - Page 3 of 6 17/10/2024

Tabel Koefisien Polinomial Vn (s) (

b0 /(1 + 2 )1/2 n genap
Filter Chebyshev Hn (s) = VK n
n (s)
, K n =
b0 n ganjil
Vn (s) = sn + bn−1 sn−1 + · · · + b1 s + b0
n b0 b1 b2
1
a. Ripple 2 dB ( = 0.3493114, 2 = 0.1220184)
1 2.8627752
2 1.5162026 1.4256245
3 0.7156938 1.5348954 1.2529130
b. Ripple 1 dB ( = 0.5088471, 2 = 0.2589254)
1 1.9652267
2 1.1025103 1.0977343
3 0.4913067 1.2384092 0.9883412
c. Ripple 2− dB ( = 0.7647831, 2 = 0.5848932)
1 1.3075603
2 0.6367681 0.8038164
3 0.3268901 1.0221903 0.7378216
d. Ripple 3− dB ( = 0.9976283, 2 = 0.9952623)
1 1.0023773
2 0.7079478 0.6448996
3 0.2505943 0.9283480 0.5972404
PSD S1 ETS - Page 4 of 6 17/10/2024

ƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚ ŝŐŝƚĂůĨŝůƚĞƌ
߱௜ ൌ ȳ௜ ܶ ƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŝŐŝƚĂůĞƐŝŐŶ
ĂŶĂůŽŐƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ
ɘଵ ǡ ߱ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ߱ே  ‫ܪ‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ
ȳଵ ǡ ȳଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ȳே 
DĞƚŽĚĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ
‫ܭ‬௜ ൌ ‫ܭ‬௜  ‫ܭ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ே 
‫ܭ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ே  ďŝůŝŶŝĞƌ;ůŝŚĂƚĚŝĂŐƌĂŵĚŝďĂǁĂŚͿ

^ƚĞƉϯ
^ƚĞƉϭ ^ƚĞƉϮ
ܶ ൌ ͳ
WƌĞǁƌĂƉĞĚ
ŝŐŝƚĂůƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĞƐŝŐŶ ƉƉůLJŝůŝŶĞĂƌ
WƌĞǁĂƌƉ ĂŶĂůŽŐƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ
ŶĂůŽŐĨŝůƚĞƌ dƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ
ܶ ൌ ͳ ĞƐŝƌĞĚ
߱ଵ ǡ ߱ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ߱ே  ȳଵᇱ ǡ ȳᇱଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ȳᇱே  
‫ܪ‬௔ሺܵሻ ‫ܪ‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ
‫ܭ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ே  ଶ൫ଵି௭ షభ ൯
ȳᇱ௜ ൌ ʹ –ƒሺ߱௜ Ȁʹሻ ‫ܭ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ܭ‬ே  ܵ՜ 
ሺଵା௭ షభ ሻ

ͳǡ Ͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ܰ െ ͳ
ZĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ‫ݓ‬ோ ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ቄ  
Ͳǡ ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡

ʹ݊Ȁሺܰ െ ͳǡ ሻ Ͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ሺܰ െ ͳሻȀʹ
ଶ௡ ሺேିଵሻ
ĂƌůĞƚ ‫ݓ‬஻ ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ቐʹ െ ǡ ൑ ݊ ൑ ܰ െ ͳ
ሺேିଵሻ ଶ
Ͳ ‡Ž•‡™Š”‡

ሼͳ െ ‘•ሾʹߨ݊Ȁሺܰ െ ͳሻሿሽȀʹǡ Ͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ܰ െ ͳ
,ĂŶŶŝŶŐ ‫ݓ‬ ƒ ሺ݊ሻ ൌ൜  
Ͳǡ ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡

ͲǤͷͶ െ ͲǤͶ͸ ‘•ሾʹߨ݊Ȁሺܰ െ ͳሻሿǡ Ͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ܰ െ ͳ

,ĂŵŵŝŶŐ ‫ݓ‬ ƒ ሺ݊ሻ ൌ൜  
Ͳǡ ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡

ͲǤͶʹ െ ͲǤͷ ‘•ሾʹߨ݊Ȁሺܰ െ ͳሻሿ ൅ ͲǤͲͺ ‘•ሾͶߨ݊Ȁሺܰ െ ͳሻሿǡ Ͳ൑݊൑ܰെͳ

ůĂĐŬŵĂŶ ‫ Žݓ‬ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ൜  
Ͳǡ ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡

>ŽǁƉĂƐƐ͗

݁ ି௝ఠఈ ǡ ȁ߱ȁ ൑ ߱௖   ͖݄ ሺ݊ሻ ୱ୧୬ሾఠ೎ ሺ௡ିఈሻሿ

‫ܪ‬ௗ ൫݁ ௝ఠ ൯ ൌ ൜  ௗ ൌ గሺ௡ିఈሻ ͖݄ௗ ሺߙሻ ൌ ߱௖ Ȁߨ
Ͳǡ ߱௖ ൑ ȁ߱ȁ ൑ ߨ

݄ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ݄ௗ ሺ݊ሻ‫ݓ‬ሺ݊ሻ͖ߙ ൌ ሺܰ െ ͳሻȀʹ͖ܰ ൒ ݇ ή ʹߨȀሺ߱ଶ െ ߱ଵ ሻ͖

ಿ
ିଵ ሺேିଵሻ
‫ܪ‬൫݁ ௝ఠ ൯ ൌ ݁ ି௝ఠሺேିଵሻȀଶ σ௡ୀ଴
మ
ʹ݄ሺ݊ሻ ‘• ቄ߱ ቂ݊ െ ଶ
ቃቅ ǡܰĞǀĞŶ͘

ಿషయ
ேିଵ ሺேିଵሻ
‫ܪ‬൫݁ ௝ఠ ൯ ൌ ݁ ି௝ఠሺேିଵሻȀଶ ቊ݄ ቀ ቁ൅ σ௡ୀ଴
మ
ʹ݄ሺ݊ሻ ‘• ቄ߱ ቂ݊ െ ቃቅቋǡܰŽĚĚ͘
ଶ ଶ

^/'Ed>&KZ&/Z>KtW^^&/>dZ^/'E

dƌĂŶƐŝƚŝŽŶǁŝĚƚŚ DŝŶŝŵƵŵƐƚŽƉďĂŶĚĂƚƚĞŶƵĂƚŝŽŶ
ZĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ͶߨȀܰ ͲϮϭĚ
ĂƌůĞƚ ͺߨȀܰ ͲϮϱĚ
,ĂŶŶŝŶŐ ͺߨȀܰ ͲϰϰĚ
,ĂŵŵŝŶŐ ͺߨȀܰ ͲϱϯĚ
ůĂĐŬŵĂŶ ͳʹߨȀܰ ͲϳϰĚ
PSD S1 ETS - Page 5 of 6 17/10/2024

Prototype Response Transformed Filter Response Design Equations

20 log |G(jΩ)| 20 log |H(jΩ)|

0 0
K1 K1
Forward : Ω0r = Ωr Ωu

K2 K2 Backward : Ωr = Ω0r /Ωu

0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ωu Ω0r Ω
Low-pass G(s) s → s/Ωu Low-pass H(s)

20 log |G(jΩ)| 20 log |H(jΩ)|

0 0
K1 K1
Forward : Ω0r = Ωu /Ωr

K2 K2 Backward : Ωr = Ωu /Ω0r

0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ω0r Ωu Ω
Low-pass G(s) s → Ωu /s High-pass H(s)

20 log |G(jΩ)| 20 log |H(jΩ)|

0 0
K1 K1 Forward : Ωav = (Ωu − Ωl )/2
p
Ω1 = Ω2r Ω2av + Ωl Ωu − Ωav Ωr
p
K2 K2 Ω2 = Ω2r Ω2av + Ωl Ωu + Ωav Ωr
0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ω1 Ωl Ωu Ω2 Ω Backward : Ωr = min{|A|, |B|}
Low-pass G(s) Band-pass H(s) A = (−Ω21 + Ωl Ωu )/[Ω1 (Ωu − Ωl )]
s2+ Ω l Ωu B = (+Ω22 − Ωl Ωu )/[Ω2 (Ωu − Ωl )]
s→
s(Ωu − Ωl )

20 log |G(jΩ)| 20 log |H(jΩ)|

0 0
K1 K1 Forward : Ωav = (Ωu − Ωl )/2
p
Ω1 = (Ωav /Ωr )2 + Ωl Ωu − Ωav /Ωr
p
K2 K2 Ω2 = (Ωav /Ωr )2 + Ωl Ωu + Ωav /Ωr
0 1 Ωr Ω 0 0 Ωl Ω1 Ω2 Ωu
Backward : Ωr = min{|A|, |B|}
Low-pass G(s) Band-stop H(s) A = Ω1 (Ωu − Ωl )/[−Ω21 + Ωl Ωu ]
s(Ωu − Ωl ) B = Ω2 (Ωu − Ωl )/[−Ω22 + Ωl Ωu ]
s→
s2 + Ωl Ωu

−k1 /10 −1)/(10−k2 /10 −1)]

n = d log10 [(10 2 log10 (1/Ωr ) e ; Ωc = Ωu /(10−K1 /10 − 1)1/2n ; Ωc = Ω0r /(10−K2 /10 − 1)1/2n
PSD S1 ETS - Page 6 of 6 17/10/2024

Prototype Response Transformed Filter Response Design Equations

|G(jΩ)|2 |H(jΩ)|2
1 1
1 1
1+2 1+2
Forward : Ω0r = Ωr Ωu

1 1 Backward : Ωr = Ω0r /Ωu

A2 A2

0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ωu Ω0r Ω
Low-pass G(s) s → s/Ωu Low-pass H(s)

|G(jΩ)|2 |H(jΩ)|2
1 1
1 1
1+2 1+2
Forward : Ω0r = Ωu /Ωr

1 1 Backward : Ωr = Ωu /Ω0r
A2 A2

0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ω0r Ωu Ω
Low-pass G(s) s → Ωu /s High-pass H(s)

|G(jΩ)|2 |H(jΩ)|2
1 1
1 1
1+2 1+2 Forward : Ωav = (Ωu − Ωl )/2
p
Ω1 = Ω2r Ω2av + Ωl Ωu − Ωav Ωr
1 1
p
A2 A2 Ω2 = Ω2r Ω2av + Ωl Ωu + Ωav Ωr
0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ω1 Ωl Ωu Ω2 Ω Backward : Ωr = min{|A|, |B|}
Low-pass G(s) Band-pass H(s) A = (−Ω21 + Ωl Ωu )/[Ω1 (Ωu − Ωl )]
s2 + Ω l Ωu B = (+Ω22 − Ωl Ωu )/[Ω2 (Ωu − Ωl )]
s→
s(Ωu − Ωl )

|G(jΩ)|2 |H(jΩ)|2
1 1
1 1
1+2 1+2 Forward : Ωav = (Ωu − Ωl )/2
p
Ω1 = (Ωav /Ωr )2 + Ωl Ωu − Ωav /Ωr
1 1
p
A2 A2 Ω2 = (Ωav /Ωr )2 + Ωl Ωu + Ωav /Ωr
0 1 Ωr Ω 0 Ωl Ω1 Ω2 Ωu Ω
Backward : Ωr = min{|A|, |B|}
Low-pass G(s) Band-stop H(s) A = Ω1 (Ωu − Ωl )/[−Ω21 + Ωl Ωu ]
s(Ωu − Ωl ) B = Ω2 (Ωu − Ωl )/[−Ω22 + Ωl Ωu ]
s→
s2 + Ωl Ωu