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Exercise 9.3a - Quizlet

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10/12/24, 3:41 PM Numerical Analysis - 9780538733519 - Exercise 3a | Quizlet

Math Calculus Numerical Analysis (9th Edition)

Exercise 3a
Chapter 9, Section 9-1, Page 568

Numerical Analysis

ISBN: 9780538733519

Table of contents

Solution Verified Answered 1 year ago

Step 1 1 of 2

GersgorianCircleTheorem states that if A is n × n matrix and Ri is ​

defined by

⎧ ⎫
Ri = ⎨z ∈ Z : ∣z − aii ∣ ≤ ∑ ∣aij ∣⎬ ,
n

⎩ ⎭
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ i = 1, ⋯ , n ​ ​
(1) ​


j=1,j=i

Then eigenvalues of A are contained in the union of circles R = ∪ni=1 Ri . ​ ​

Moreover, the union of any k of the circles that do not intersect the remaining
(n − k) contains precisely k (counting multiplicities) of the eigenvalues.

For spectral radius, we choose the maximum possible value of λ in the Gersgorian
circles.

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10/12/24, 3:41 PM Numerical Analysis - 9780538733519 - Exercise 3a | Quizlet

Step 2 2 of 2

Given matrix

1 0 0
​ −1
​ 0 1 ​ ​ ​

−1 −1 2

The Gersgorian circles are given by (1) which we calculate for each row in the given
matrix. By Gersgorian circle theorem, the eigenvalues are contained in the
Gresgorian circles.

3
For i ​

 ∣a1j ∣ = 0. This gives us


= 1, a11 = 1 and ∑j=i ​ ​

R1 = {z ∈ C : ∣z − 1∣ ≤ 0}
​

3
For i ​

 ∣a2j ∣ = 2. This gives us


= 2, a22 = 0 and ∑j=i ​ ​

R2 = {z ∈ C : ∣z − 0∣ ≤ 2}
​

3
For i = 3, a33 = 2 and ∑j=i
​

 ∣a3j ∣ = 2. This gives us


​ ​

R3 = {z ∈ C : ∣z − 2∣ ≤ 2}
​

Thus the eigenvalues are in {λ : ∣λ∣ ≤ 2}} ∪ {λ : ∣λ − 2∣ ≤ 2}} and ∣λ − 2∣ ≤


2 ⟹ ∣λ∣ < 4 hence the spectral radius is ρ(λ) ≤ 4.

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Exercise 2d Exercise 3b

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