OCR Maths FP1

Topic Questions from Papers

Summation of Series

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 following in the form x + iy, showing clearly how you obtain your answers.
2 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(i) " + 5w, 2 [2]
n n
"*wstandard
, where "results ¤the ¤xr2+ toiy,of ", that, for all positive integers n,
(i) Express (1 + 8i)(2 − i) in
1 Use
(ii) the * is thefor r and
complex conjugate show [3]
1 form showing clearly how you obtain your answer. [2]
r=1 r=1
1
(iii) . 1 + 8i [2]
2 x + iy.
n
in the (6
¤ r + 2r + 1) = n(2n + 4n + 3). [6]
w
2+i
(ii) Hence express form 2 [3]
r=1

Use an algebraic method to find the square roots of the complex number 21 − 20i.
(Q1, June 2005)
4 [6]
n
2 Prove by induction that, for n ≥ 1, ∑ r2 =1 16 n2(n + 1)(2n +11). 0 [5]
225 The
(i) matrices
Show that A and I are given by A = ! " and I = !
r=1
" respectively.
1 3 0 1
r+1
− = [2]
r 1
(i) Find A and verify that A = 4A − I.r + 1 (r + 1)(r + 2)
2 r2+ 21 3
2
.
The matrix M is given by M = ! 1 2 1 ".
[4]
3
1 A1−1 3= 4I − A.
(ii) Hence,
(ii) or otherwise,
Hence find showin
an expression, that
terms of n, for [2]
(i) Find the value of the determinant
1 of1M. [3]
+ + + ... + [4]
1 1
The complex numbers 2 + 3i 6and 12 4 − i20 (nby " and
+ 1)( n + 2)
.
3 are denoted w respectively. Express each of the
following in the form x + iy, showing clearly how you obtain your answers.
(ii) State, giving a brief reason, whether M is singular or non-singular. [1]

(i) " + 5w, ∞ [2]

x = the
u +value
¤
1
(ii) "*w, where "* is the complex conjugate of r",+ 2)
(r + 1)(
4 Use
(iii) the substitution
Hence write down 2 to find
of the exact value of. the real root of the equation [1]
[3]
r=1
1 x3 − 6x2 + 12 3 x − 13 = 0. [5]
(Q5, June 2005)
(iii) . [2]
! ".
w
T = by
2 0
0 −2
86 loci C1Tand
The matrix C2 arebygiven
is given
PMT
|" −r,2i| =square |" complex
+ 1| = |" + all 21 − 20i.
n n n
4
3
5 Use the
an algebraic
(i) Drawstandard methodfor
results
a diagram showing∑thethe
to find ∑ 22
∑andr 3 of
and roots
unitr square to the
and its show
image that,
underfor i| positive
number integers
the transformation n,
represented
[6]
by T.
r=1 r=1 r=1
respectively. 2 [3]
n
(8rby −matrix
r2 + r)Cis= equivalent
n3 (n 1+ 1).1 [6]
givenr∑ ! " = !C2 . to ".a transformation A, followed by[5]a
5 (i) Show that 3
=
64the 2T
1loci 2and
+
(ii) The transformation represented
0 .−1 transformations A and
Sketch,
(i) matrices on a single
B areArgand diagram,
=1
1 The A and by A and B
− descriptions
0 2= [2]
r 1 r 1 1
transformation B. Give geometrical of possible B,Jan
and 2006)
state
+ + ( + +
(Q5,
matrices that represent r
them. 2 r 1 r 1)( r 2)
(ii) Hence write down the complex numbers represented by the points of intersection of C1 and C[6]
the
(i) Find A + 3B. 2
.
[2]
[2]
− B1by= kC I, = # 2 I is $. the identity matrix and k is a constant whose value should be
(ii) Hence find an expression, in 1 terms
2 of n, for
− =
6 The
(ii) matrix
Show that C isA 1given where
3 8.
r r + 2 r (1r + 2)1
4
9 (i) Show that [2]
+ + + ... + [4]
stated. 1 1 [2]
6 12 20 4725/S05 (n + 1)(n + 2)
.
(i) Find C−1 . [2]
(ii) Hence find an expression, in terms of n, for
in which the image of the point (1, 1) is the
# $,
2 The transformation S is a shear parallel 2 to 1 the x-axis
point (0, 1). = = ∞ −1
1+ 3 1 + ... + [5]
(ii) Given that C AB , where A 2 2 find B . 2 [5]
(iii) Hence write down the value1of ¤
×3 2×4
(r + 1)(r + 2)
. n(n + 2)
r=1 of the unit square under S.
.
[1]
(i) Draw a diagram showing the image [2]
∗
7 The complex
(a) Hence
(iii) value of3 + 2i is denoted by w and the complex conjugate of w is denoted by w .
find thenumber
Write down the matrix that represents S.
(ii) Find [2]
6 The loci C∞ and C2 are given by
∑
1
2
r (r + 2) |" − 2i| =22 |" + 1| = |" + i|
(i) the modulus, of w,
(a) [1]
∗ , givingx your+ pxanswer
+ q = 0,
and
One root =1 where p correct
and q are
3 (ii) of
thethe quadratic equation to 2real, is theplaces.
complex number
r
−
argument of w in radians, decimal [3]
2 3i.
respectively. ∞

∑ u given that u + 2u∗ = 3 + 2i.

2
( +
(b) (b)Find the complex .
number [2]
[4]
r r 2)
r=n+1
(i) Write
(i) Sketch, down the other root.
on a single Argand diagram, the loci C1 and C2 . [1]
[5]
(Q9, Jan 2006)
(c) Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the locus given by |$ + 1| = |$|. [2]
(ii) Find
(ii) Hencethe values
write down of ptheand q.
complex numbers represented by the points of intersection of C1 and C[4] .
2
10 The roots of the equation [2]
n x3 −n 9x + 27x − 29 = 0
2

54 Use the standard results for ∑ r3 and ∑ r2 to show that, for all positive integers n,
are denoted by α , β and γ , where r=1
α is rreal
=1
and β and γ are complex.
4725/S05

+ β + γ.
4725/Jan06
ofnα
∑ (r3 + r2) = 121 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(3n + 1). [5]
(i) Write down the value [1]
=1
(ii) It is given that β = p + irq, where q > 0. Find the value of p, in terms of α . [4]
(Q4, June 2006)

(iii) Write down the value of αβγ . [1]

 [4]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

PMT 69 (i) Use the method of differences to show that

∑ %(r + 1)3 − r32& = (n + 1)3 − 1.

n
[2]
r=1

−1
A=! " and B = ! ".
2 1 a
(ii) Show that (r + 1) − r ≡ 3r + 3r + 1. −3 −2
1 The matrices A and B 3are given
3
by
2 3 2 [2]

= ! (i) and
2A +inBparts ", write down the value of a.
1 1 n
Given
(i) Use
(iii) thethat
results 3 2 (ii) and the standard result for ∑ r to show that [1]
r=1
7 −4
(ii) Given instead that AB = ! ", find the value of a.
9 3−7
n
∑ r2 = 12 n(n + 1)(2n + 1). [6]
[2]
r=1
(Q9, June 2006)
2 Use an algebraic method to find the square roots of the complex number 15 + 8i. [6]
10 The cubic equation x3 − 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .

∑αr +andβ +∑γ ,r3αβto +find

βγ + γ α and αβγ .
n n
73 Write
(i) the
Use down results
standard the values
for of [3]
r=1 r=1
The cubic equation x3 + px + 10x + q =
2
n 0, where p and q are constants, has roots α + 1, β + 1 and
γ + 1. ∑ r(r − 1)(r + 1),
r=1
PMT (ii) Find the value of p. [3]
expressing your answer in a fully factorised form. [6]
PMT (iii) Find the value of q. [5]
(Q3, Jan 2007)
√
2
4 given by |" − 1 + i| = 2.
(i) Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the locus4725/S06 [3]
The complex number a + ib is denoted by !. Given 3 that |!| = 4 and arg ! = 13 π , find a and b.
√
1 [4]
by 1 ≤ |" − 1 + i| ≤ 2.
(i) Show that (r + 2)! − (r + 1)! = (r + 1)2 × r !.
(ii) Shade on your diagram the region given [3]
88 [3]
n
that, for n ≥in1,2terms
∑ =n
r 3 of 1 2
(n + 1)2 .
(i) Verify that " − 8 = (" − 2)(" r+ =12" + 4).
2 Prove by induction
(ii) Hence find an
3 expression, 4
n, for [5]
5 [1]
PMT
22 × 1! + 32 × 2! + 42 × 3! + . . . + (n + 1)2 × n!. [4]
(ii) Solve the quadratic equation "2 + 2" + 4 = 0, giving your answers exactly in the form x + iy.
Show clearly how you obtainn your n answers. [3]
∑ whether ∑ r2theto series
2
3 Use the standard results for
(iii) State, giving a brief reason, r and show that, for all positive integers n,
r=1 r=1
Show onnumber
(iii) complex an Arganda +diagram the roots
ib is denoted by 2!.ofGiven
the cubic |!| = 4 and
equation "3 arg
− 8 !==0.1 π , find a and b. [3]
2 × 1! n+ 3 × 2! + 4 × 3! + . . .
1 The 2
that
2 3
[4]

∑ (3r2 − 3r + 1) = n3 . [6]
6 converges.
The sequence u1 , u2 , u3 , . . . is definedn r =1
by un = n + 3n, for all positive integers n.
2 [1]
2 Prove by induction that, for n ≥ 1, ∑ r = 4 n (n + 1) .
3 1 2 2
[5]
(Q8, Jan 2007)
(i) Show that un+1 − un = 2n + 4. r =1 [3]
The matrix C is given by C = ! 1 1 ".
0 3
−1 0".
by A = !that
9
4 The
(ii) matrix
Hence A is given
prove by induction each
n 3 5 n term of the sequence is divisible by 2. [5]
93 Use the standard results
(i) Draw a diagram showing for ∑the unit∑
r and r 2
to show that, for all positive integers n,
square and its image under the transformation represented by C.
(i) Find A−1 . r=1 r=1 [2]
7 The quadratic equation x2 + 5x + 10 =n0 has roots α and β .
1 (31ris
B−1 is given by B−1 = !by∑C ". − equivalent
3r + 1) = n3to [6]
2
The matrix
transformation represented . a rotation, R, followed by another
(i) Write downS.the values of α + β4 rand =1−1
The
transformation, αβ . [2]
(Q3, June 2007)
(ii) Show
Find (AB α 2. +the
)−1
thatfully
Describe = 5.
β 2 rotation R and write down the matrix that represents R. [2]
[4]
[3]

A= ! ". α the matrix

β
1 1
4 (iii) Describe
(iii) matrix
The Hence A
findfully
is theby
given transformation
a quadratic equation S andhas
which write down
roots and . that represents S. [4]
[4]
(i) Show that 3 5 β α
105
(i) Find A−1 . −0 = [1]
1 1 1
r r + 1 r(r + 1)
a 2 . [2]
10 The matrix D is given by D = # 3 1 2 $, where a ≠ 2.
−1
is given by B = !
−1 0 1−1 11
".
4 −1
The
contmatrix
on nextB page
(ii) Hence find an expression, in terms of n, for
(i) Find D−1 .
(ii) Find (AB)−1 .
[7]
+ + 4725/01+ . Jan07
.. + [3]
© OCR 2007 1 1 1 1 [4]
.
 −= [1]
rax+ +1 3y r=(r1,+ 1)
.
r PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
PMT −2x + y = −1. [5]
(ii) Hence find an expression, in terms of n, for

+ + + + [3]
1 1 1 2 1
8 The sequence u1 , u2 , u3 , . . . is defined
2 6 by12 u1 = 1 andnu(nn+1+ =1)u. n + 2n + 1.
. . .
1 The transformation S is a shear with the y-axis invariant (i.e. a shear parallel to the y-axis). It is given
Show
(i) the
that thatof
image = 16.
u4the point (1, 1) is the point (1, 0). [2]
∞

∑
1
r (r +
(iii) Henceasuggest
(i) Hence
(ii) Draw find the an
diagram value of the image
expression
showing for . of. the unit square under the transformation S.
un1) [3]
[1]
[2]
r=n+1
(Q5, June 2007)
Write
(ii) Use
(iii) down thetomatrix
induction prove that represents
your answer S. to part (ii) is correct. [2]
[4]
PMT
6 The cubic equation 3x3 − 9x2 + 6x + 2 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
(i) Show that α 23 + β 3 = (α +2β )3 − 3αβ (α + β ).
n
∑ (ardown
+ b)the
≡ nvalues
(2n +of3nα−+2),
β +find + βγof+the
9 [2]
112 Given thatWrite
(i) (a) γ and
2 αβ
the values γ α .constants a and b. [5]
[2]
r=1
of αx2 +− 4β52x1++γ 72 .= 0 has roots α and β . Find a quadratic equation
! " and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Find
2 (Q2,with
Jan 2008)
=
(ii) The
(b) quadratic
Find the value equation roots
[2]
1 The matrix A is given by A
α and β .
3 3
5 2 [6]
PMT
3 The A − 3Use
(i) cubic
(ii) (a) Iequation 2x − 3x +x 24
3
, the substitution
2
= x +to7 find
1 = 0 has α , β andinγu. with integer coefficients.
rootsequation
a cubic [2]
u
A−1 . that 2 − 1 − 1 3r + 4
=find a cubic equation
1
=
1210 (ii) [2]
r + 1 to r+ ( + + + +
(i) Show
(i) Use the substitution x to 2 . 1 integer
u with
in of 1 1 coefficients. [2]
[2]
(b) Use your r answer part
u 2 (ii)
r (a)
r to
1)(find
r the
2) value . [2]
α β γ
= ! " ×
4 1
3 + 4i
1 The matrix A is given by A and I is the 2 2 identity matrix. Find
+ +
Hence find an expression,
(ii) complex
The in
5 terms
2 by of an.,1for 1 1
2 (ii) Hence, ornumber otherwise, is denoted
find the value of . [2]
αβ βγ γ α
(i) A − 3I, 3r + 4
(i) Find | a | and arg a.
n

∑
[2]
[6]
[2]
r (r + 1)(r + 2)
.
(ii) A−1 . r=1 4725/01 Jun07
− 4i is denoted the#.loci by answers in the form x + iy, and showing
© OCR 2007 [2]
4 The
(ii) complex
Sketch onnumber a single3 Argand diagram by Giving
given your
(a) |# − a | = | a |,
clearly how you obtain them, find
∞
*,number 3 + 4i is denoted by a. 3r + 4
[2]
+
∑
2 The complex
− 3) = arg
(i) 2# 5# [2]
r (r + 1)(r + 2)
(iii) Hence
(b) arg(# write down thea.value of . [1]
[3]
(i) (#
(ii) Find | 2
|
− i)a, and arg a. r =1 [2]
[3]
∞
3 1 3r + 4diagram
that − ∑ = = . , find the value of N .
r
#
(ii) Sketch
(iii) . on a1single Argand 7the loci given by [3]
r ! (r (+r 1)!
+ 1)(r(+r 2)
+ 1)! 10
3 (i) Given
(iv) Show that [4]
[2]
(a) |# − a |r==N|+1
a |, [2]
(Q10, Jan 2008)
(ii) Hence find−an
(b) arg(# = arg a. in terms of n, 3for
3)expression, [3]
4
= ! ", = ! 0n" and C = (2 −1). Find
+ + 2+ . . . + 3 [4]
5 The matrices A, B and C are given1 by A
2 3 1 B 4
(n + 1)!
.
2!r 3! 4!
, r ! − (r + 1)! = (r + 1)! .
1 1
PMT 133 (i) A
(i) − 4Bthat
Show [2]
[2]
(ii) BC, [4]
CA. A is given by A = ! 0 1 ". Prove by induction that, for n ≥ 1,
(ii) Hence find an expression, in 1 of n, for2
3 terms
4 The matrix
(iii) [2]
+ + clearly
+ 1. . .how
+ you obtain [4]
2 + 3i 1 2 3 n
(1)
n + 1)!
.
(3 −
1 Express in the form x + iy2!
, showing your answer. [4]
A =# $.
3! 3 n
4! n
[6]
5−i n 2
6 The loci C1 and C2 are given by (Q3, June 2008)
0 1

The matrix A is given by A =|#| !3= |#

2 0− 4i| arg # = 16 π
". Find and
The matrix A is given by A = ! a 5". Prove induction that, for n ≥ 1,
2 1
4OCR 2008
© byJan08
4725/01
n 0 1
r2, (r − 1), expressing your answer inna fully
respectively.
(i) ∑A−1
(3 − 1)
145 Find 1 nfactorised form. [2]
[6]
r=1 A = #the loci C and C $ .. [6]
n 3
(ii) 2A − ! ".
2
(i) Sketch, 1 on a2single Argand diagram, 11 2
[5]
(Q5, June 2008)
0 [2]
0 4
(ii) Hence find, in the form x + iy, the complex number represented by the point of intersection of C1
6 The cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are real, has roots (3 + i) and 2.
and C2 . [3]
nn
∑∑r(42 (rdown
r −+1),
(i) Write 3 2 other root of the equation.
1553 Find
Find 6rthe + 2r ), expressing
expressing your answer
your answer in factorised
in a fully a fully factorised
form. form. [1]
[6]
[6]
r=1
r=1
(Q3, Jan 2009)
(ii) Find the values of a, b and c. [6]

The cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are real, has roots (3 + i) and 2.
4 Given that A and B are 2 × 2 non-singular matrices and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix, simplify
6
B(AB)−1 A − I.
© OCR 2008 4725/01 Jan08
[4]
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
PMT 5 The cubic equation x3 + 5x2 + 7 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
1 1 4
169 (i) Show that − = . [2]
2r − 3 2r + √1 4r 2 − 4r − 3
(i) Use the substitution x = u to find a cubic equation in u with integer coefficients. [3]
(ii) Hence find an expression, in terms of n, for 2
(ii) Hence find the value of α 2 β 2 + β 2 γ 2 + γ 2 α 2 . [2]
The matrix A is given by A = ! " and I is the
a 2 n
1 4 2 × 2 identity matrix.
3 4 ∑ 4r 2 − 4r − 3
. [6]
6 The complex number 3 − 3i is denoted by r=2a.
(i) Find A − 4I. [2]
(i) Find | a | and∞arg a. [2]
4 4 value of a.
PMT
(iii) Given that
(ii) Show
∑
that A is singular,
(ii) Sketch on ar=2 4 r 2 − 4r − 3
find
= the
3
.
single Argand diagram the loci given by
[3]
[1]
(Q9, Jan 2009)
√
2 (a) |"equation
The cubic − a | = 32x2, + 3x − 3 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
3 [3]
2 √
PMT 10 Use an
(i) (b) arg("algebraic
− a) = 14method
π .x = u to find the square roots of the complex number 2 + i 5. Give your [3]
Use the
(i) answers substitution −
in the form x + iy, where 1 to find a cubic
x and y are equation u with integer coefficients.
exact realinnumbers. [3]
[6]
250
171 (iii) Hence∑find,
Evaluate
(ii) Indicate, r3 .the
by shading, the(α
region)(of
β +the
1x)(Argand . diagram
γ +2y1)are for which [3]
(ii) Hence find
r=101
value
in the formof x + +iy1where and exact real numbers, the roots of the equation [2]
√ (Q1, June 2009)
|" − a | ≥ 3 2 4 and 2 0 ≤ arg(" − a) ≤ 14 π . [3]
A = ! the equation
" and I is# the
a 2 % − 4% + 9 = 0. [4]
1
3 The
The matrix
complex is given by
A number # satisfies + 2i2#×*2= identity
12 + 9i. matrix.
Find #, giving your answer in the
x + iy. A and B are given by A = ! " and B = ! " and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
3 4 3 0 5 0
2 The
formmatrices [5]
(iii) Show, on an Argand diagram, the roots0 of1the equation 0in part2 (ii). [1]
187 (i)
Find Find
(i) Use A −method
the
the values 4of
I. theofconstants
differences to show
a and that aA + bB = I.
b for which [2]
[4]
(iv) n
(ii) Given that α
Ar is the root of the equation
n the in part
. a (ii) such that 0 < arg α < 12 π , sketch on the same
Given that is singular, find value4 of 4ain [3]
4 Find ∑ diagram the locus given
Argand
r ( r + 1)( − 2), expressing ∑ your
{(rby answer
+ 1)
|% −
4
(n + 1)factorised
−αr| }= =|%|.fully − 1. form. [6]
[[3]
2]
3 The complex numbers " and w rare
r =1 =1 given by " = 5 − 2i and w = 3 + 7i. Giving your answers in the
form x + iy and showing clearly how you obtain them, find
2 The cubic equation 2x3 + 3x − 3 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
! in u with
". integer
(i) 4" − 3w , (r + 1)4 − r4 ≡ 4r3 + 6r 2 + 4r + 1. 0 −1 [2]
5 (i) Show
(ii)
(i) The
Use the
that
transformation
substitution T x =is urepresented
− 1 to find abycubic
the matrix
equation Give a coefficients. [2]
geometrical description
[3]
1 0
(ii) "of*wT.. [2]
[2]
(iii) Hence show that
(ii) Hence find the value of (α + 1)(β +n1)(γ + 1). [2]
3 2 2
(ii) The transformation T is equivalent 4 ∑ rto =anreflection
(n + 1) . in the line y = −x followed by another [6]
2 1 1
4 transformation
The roots S. Give
of the quadratic a geometrical
equation x −description
x +r=1 8 = 0 are pofand S and find the
q. Find the value
matrixofthat
p +represents
+ .S.2009)
+ June
q(Q7, [4]
3 The complex number # satisfies the equation # + 2i#* = 12 + 9i. Find #, giving your answer p q in the
form x + iy. [5]
© OCR 2009 3 2 4725 Jun09
6 One root of the cubic3 equation 2
x + px + 6x + q = 0, where p and q are real, is the complex number
5 The cubic
5 − i. n equation x + 5 x + 7 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
194 Find ∑ r(r + 1)(r − 2), expressing √ your answer in a fully factorised form. [6]
(i) Use
r=1 the
Find thesubstitution = cubic
real root of xthe u to find a cubic equation in u with integer coefficients.
equation. [3]
PMT (Q4, Jan 2010)
(ii) Hence find
Find the the value
values of αq2.β 2 + β 2 γ 2 + γ 2 α 2 .
of p and [2]
[4]
2 matrix ! 1 ". Give a geometrical description
0 −1
5 (i) The transformation T is represented by the
0
of T. 1 1 2rn+ 1by a. [2]
6
207
The
(i) complex
Show that number − 3 − 3i2is≡denoted . [1]
1 Prove by induction 2
1) n ≥ r1,(r∑+r1()r + 1) = 3 n(n + 1)(n + 2).
(r +for
r that, 2 2 1
[5]
(ii) The |transformation
(i) Find a | and arg a. T is equivalent r =1 to a reflection in the line y = −x followed by another [2]
transformation S. Give a geometrical description n of S and find the matrix that represents S. [4]
2r + 1
© OCR 2009
(ii) Hence find
(ii) Sketch on a an expression,
single Argand in terms of
diagram ∑
thenloci
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. [4]
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(a)
root of|" − A
thea,|cubic
B
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2, −2 is2the complex number [3]
∞
5 − i. 2r + 1
(i) AB, ∑
Find arg(" 2− a) = 142π. .
(iii) (b)
r (r + 1)
r=2 real root of the cubic equation.
[3]
[2]
[2]
(i) Find the [3]
(Q7, Jan 2010)
(iii) Indicate,
(ii) BA − 4C. by shading, the region of the Argand diagram for which [4]
(ii) Find the values of p and q. 2
√ 1
[4]
8 The complex number a is such |" − athat
|≥a 3 = − 12i. 0 ≤ arg(" − a) ≤ 4 π .
2 5 and [3]
n
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Find ∑(2an
(i) Use
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r −algebraic
that −
method
1 to find
your
≡ 2
r +the
1 two
2answer
.
in apossible values of
fully factorised a.
form. [5]
[6]
[1]
r=1 r 2
(r + 1) 2
r (r + 1 )2
(i) Use theonmethod of differences to show (Q3, June 2010)
7 (ii) Sketch a single Argand diagram thethat
two possible loci given by |# − a | = | a |. [4]
n
n +4=
2r b 1 1 − 3i. Showing clearly how you obtain
4 The
(ii) complex
© OCR 2010
numbers
Hence find
your answers, find
a and b are
an expression, in
∑ given
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3 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii)
(i) AC , that p = 56 .
Show [2]
[4]
√ √
1 r + 2 − r
PMT 228 (iii)
(i) CB
(ii)
. that √
Show
Find the value of q. √ ≡ . [3]
[2]
[5]
r+2+ r 2

Hence find
(ii) complex an expression, in terms
" and w are of n, for2
2 The numbers agiven−a by 1" = 4 + 3i and w = 6 − i. Giving your answers in the form
x + iy and showing clearly how ⎛ ⎞ find
The matrix M is given by M = ⎜ ⎝3 a 2n 1a⎟ ⎠. 1
you obtain them,
2 0 11r + 2 + r=. ! 4 1 ". I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
! √ " and B
9 2 a
1 The matrices
(i) 3" − 4w, A and B are given by4 A = ∑r=1
√ [6]
[2]
Find "*
(ii) . in terms of a, the determinant of M.
(i) Find, [3]
[4]
(i) A w + 3B − 4I, ∞ [3]
1
(ii) Hence
(ii) State,
(iii) find the values of a for which M does not √
AB. giving a brief reason, whether the series
−1
∑ exist. √ converges.
r+2+ r
[3]
[1]
[2]
PMT 3 r =1
The sequence u1 , u2 , u3 , . . . is defined by u1 = 2, and un+1 = 2un − 1 for n ≥ 1. Prove by induction
(iii) Determine whether the simultaneous equations (Q8, June 2010)
that un = 2n−1 + 1. [4]
n
6 x −
1 6 y + " = n 3 k ,
2 Prove by induction that, for n ⎛ ≥a1, a −1 ⎞ 2=
∑ . [5]
9 The matrix A n is given by A = ⎝
⎜ 0 a
r=1
r3(xr2++⎟⎠61.y) + "n=+0,1
2341 Given that ∑A
The matrices
3
(arand +B ) ≡given
brare n(n −by1)(An2=+ !1 x21+
4)( n+ 2ay2"+ "find
),and =B ,= !values
kthe ". I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
2 a of the constants a and b. [6]
r=1 0 1 4 1
3 Find
By where
(i) using ink terms
Find,the is a non-zero
of a, the
determinant ofconstant, have
an appropriate
determinant of A amatrix,
.uniquefind solution, no solution
the values of k fororwhich the(Q4,
an infinite Jan 2011)
number
simultaneousof
[3]
solutions,
equations justifying your answer. [3]
5 Given + 3B
(i) Athat A −and
4I, B are non-singular square matrices, simplify [3]
(ii) Three simultaneous equations are shown kx + below.
8y = 1,
(ii) AB. −1
(+Aky −1 [2]
1 2 1 axAB 2+2xay − B=%)3,= .−1 [3]
2410 (i) Show that − + ≡ . [2]
do not have a unique + 1 r + 2 r(r + 1)(ay
r r solution. r ++ 22)% = 2a [3]
n
x+ 1 2yfor+ %n =1
62 (ii)
Prove Hence
For
find
on aan
by induction
(i) Sketch expression,
for n ≥in
that,Argand
single
2n each of the following values
∑1,terms of
diagram then,loci =given by
r(r + 1) n + 1
.
r = 1 n of a, determine whether the equations are consistent or
[5]

4 ∑#3|"|
Find (a)
inconsistent. $, −expressing
r2 −= 12|" 8If|, the equations
your answer
∑ are in 2 factorised
a fully
consistent, determine
.
form. [2]
[6]
whether or not there is a unique
[6]
r =1
solution. r(r + 1)(r + 2)
3 (b) arg
By using the(" + 2i) = 14 π . of an appropriate
determinant
r=1
matrix, find the values of k for which the simultaneous [3]
%
(a)
equations a = 0
Indicate by
(ii) complex shading
∞
1 +the
i 23region of theby Argand diagram for which
5 The number is denoted kxa1+. 8y = 1,
(b) athat
(iii) Show =1
∑ r(r + 1|"|)(r ≤+ |"
=
2)− 8 (| n +and
2 1)(
x + nky
0+≤
=
.
2)arg
3, (" + 2i ) ≤ 1π.
[3]
[3]
Find a| a=| and
(i) (c) 2 r=narg+1 a. 4 [2]
(Q10, Jan 2011)
do not have a unique solution. [3]
[6]
(ii) Sketch on a single Argand diagram the loci given by |$ − a | = | a | and arg($ − a) = 12 π . [6]
7 (i) Write down the matrix, A, that represents a shear with x-axis invariant in which the image of the
Find ∑#3r − 12 $, expressing youraanswer
2n
10 The complex 1) is (4,%1, )where
point (21, number . 0 < arg % < 12 π , is such that %2 = 3 + 4i. [2]
254 1 #0in a fully factorised form. [6]
⎛ ⎞
PMT by C = ⎜ ⎝ 1 %2. 13 ⎟ ⎠,#where
r=1
(ii) The matrix B is given by B = ! ". Describe fully the geometrical transformation
6 Use anCalgebraic
(i) matrix
The is given method to find 0 a ≠ 1. Find C . −1 (Q4, June 2011)
[5]
[7]
%
−1 3 04 3
3
5 (ii) Show that
represented % by= 2
B .+ 11i.
The complex number 1 + i 3 is denoted by a. 2 [1]
[2]

by≡C = ! . ". is denoted by z. Given that !z! = 13, find the value of a and
is 2positive,
The complex number
andC1arg w is1the roota2of the6equation
261
7 The
(i) complex
(i)
(iii) Findmatrix
The
Show |number
| athat isagiven
−+. 5i, where
a [2]
[1]
hence find arg z. r − 1 r + 1 r − 10 62 2
[4]
w − 4w3 + 125 = 0
Sketch
(ii) (a) on a single Argand
Draw a diagram showing the unit diagram thesquare
loci given
and
n
|$ − aunder
byimage
its | = | a |the arg($ − a) = 12 represented
andtransformation π. [6]
for which − 1
π < arg w < 0. 2
" #∑ " #
(ii) Hence by2findC. an expression, in terms of3 n, for 4 4. 6 [3]
[5]
2 The matrices A and B are given by A = and rB2 −=1 , and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
2 − 3 r =2 3 − 5
Find Write
(iii) (b) down the determinant a 1 of 0 C and explain briefly how this value relates to the
⎛ ⎞
w. [5]
6 Given
The matrix transformation
that pA C +isqB = I, by
given find∞Cthe=⎜⎝2
represented
values
1 by
of
2 C
the
1. ⎠
⎟
constants
, where p
a and
≠ q.
1. Find C −1
. [2]
[5]
[7]
(iii) Find the value of
© OCR 2011
∑r = 1000
−1. 3 4
r2 − 1 4725 Jan11
[3]
© OCR 2011 4725 Jan11 (Q7, June 2011)
3 Use an algebraic method to find the square roots of 3 + (6 2)i. Give your answers in the form x + iy, where
x and y are exact real 1 numbers. 1 2 [6]
7 (i) Show that − ≡ 2 . [1]
r−1 r+1 r −1
n
274 Find Σ r (r 2 − 3), expressing your answer in a fully factorised
n
2 form. [6]
(ii) rHence
© OCR 2010 =1 find an expression, in terms of n,4725
forJun10 2
r =2
r∑− 1
. [5]
(Q4, Jan 2012)
5 (a) Find the matrix that represents a reflection in the line y = −x. [2]
∞
2
(iii) Find the value of ∑
r = 1000
r 2
− 11
.
0
[3]
© OCR 2011 . 4725 Jun11
 # −

#
(iii) Use
r =1induction to prove that your answer to part (ii) is correct.
3 [4]
n PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(i) z + 3w, [2]
56 Prove by induction that, for n 1, 4×3r = 6(3n − 1). [5]
z . that r r − 1 y
≡ 1
288 (ii)
(i) Show − r =1 . [3]
[2]
w r+1 r r(r + 1)
6 The
(ii) quadratic equation
Hence find 2x2 + x in
an expression, + 5terms
= 0 has 1 α and β. 1 0
2 n,roots
of for
2 The matrices A and B are given1by A =
(i) Use the substitution x =
41 31
to 1obtain
+ + a
! and B =
+ ... +
quadratic
" 31 2
equation
!
. Find "
. u with integer coefficients.
in [3]
[4]
u + 1 2 6 12 n(n + 1)
(i) AB, C B [2]
1 1
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of ! − 1" ! − 1".

$
[3]
−1 −1 ∞ α β
(ii) B A . B [3]
(iii) Hence find 1 C . [2]
7 arer(r
The loci C1 and Cr =2n+1 + 1)by $ z 3 4i $ = 4 and $ z $ = $ z 8i $ respectively.
given − − − (Q8, Jan 2012)
3 One root of the quadratic equation x2 + ax + b = 0, where a and b are real, is the complex number 4 – 3i.
O A x
(i) Sketch,
Find on of
the values a single
a and Argand
b. diagram, the loci C1 and C2. [6]
[4]

294
The
Find #
(ii) diagram
Hencen find
(3r
shows
2
following coordinates:−
the the
3r
complex
+ 2),
numbers
unit square
expressing
OABC, represented
your answer in
by theOAB′C′
and its image
A(1, 0), B(1, 1), C(0, 1), B′(3, 2) and C′(2, 2).a fully
points of
factorised
intersection
after of C1 andThe
a transformation.
form.
C2.points have [2]
the
[7]

#
(iii) Indicate,
r =1 by shading, the region of the Argand diagram for which
n
(Q4, June 2012)
(i) Write down the matrix, X, for this transformation.
© OCR 2012 4725 Jan12 [2]
5 Prove by induction that, for n 1, $ z − 34×3 − 4i=$ 6(3
r
4 nand $ z $ $ z − 8i $ .
− 1). [2]
[5]
(ii) The transformation represented r =1
by X is equivalent to a transformation P followed by a transformation
PMT
Q. Give geometrical
1 1 2 descriptions
2 of a pair of possible transformations P and Q and state the matrices
3086 (i) quadratic
The Show that −
equation
that represent 2x ≡ + x + 5 = . 0 has roots α and β. [1]
r them. [6]

#
PMT r + 2 r(r + 2)
1 2n
(i) Use
(iii) Findthe the substitution
matrix that xrepresents
= totransformation
obtain a quadratic equation in u with integer coefficients. [3]
of n, for Q followed. by transformation P. [2]
u +in1terms 2
(ii) Hence find an expression, [6]

#
a 1 2 r(r + 2)
= dthe value n , where 1 r1
1=1
of ! −a1"≠! 4 ,−and
β "
1 The
(ii) matrix
Hence,Aorisotherwise,
given
∞ by Afind 1 . I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Find [3]
2 1 11 4 α 1
17 (iii) (i) complex
The Sketchthat
Given on a single
number 3 +Argand
ai, where=diagrama, find the
theloci
is real, given
isvalue
denoted of N.byby z. Given that arg z = 6 r, find the value [4]
(i) 2A – 3I, r =N+1 r(r + 2) 30 [3]
7 Thea loci C1zand C2 are $ z − 3 − 4i $ = 4 and $ z $ = $ z − 8i $ respectively. (Q8, June 2012)
of (a) hence
and =find
2, z given
and z*by – 3. [2]
[6]
(ii) A–1. [2]
(i) Sketch,
(b) arg(z on –a 3single
– i) =Argand
π. diagram, the loci C1 and C2. [6]
[3]
C = d n.
n 3
3122 The
Find
(ii)
matrices
/ (r -find
(ii) Hence
Indicate,
A,(rB+and
1)
by the 1),Cgiving
complex
shading,
are given
the yourby
numbers
region of
A = (5in a1),
answer
represented
the ArgandfullyB =factorised
by
(2 –5) and
the points
diagram for form. 2
of intersection
which of C1 and C2. [6]
[2]
r =1
(i) Find 3A – 4B. (Q2, Jan 2013)
[2]
(iii) Indicate, by shading, the region z of the
2 andArgand
0 diagram
arg (z – 3 for
– i)which
π. [2]
PMT 3 The complex number 2 – i is denoted by z.
© OCR 2012 4725 Jun12

(ii) Find CB. Determine whether CB is singular or non-singular, giving a reason for your answer. [5]
$ z − 3 − 4i $ 4 and $ z $ $ z − 8i $ . [2]
(i) Find z and arg z. [2]
1 3 2 2- r
328 (i) Show that - + / 3 . [2]
3 Use an algebraic r1method
r +1 1 to findr +22the squarer (r + 1)roots
(r + of 2) 11 + (12 5) i. Give your answers in the form x + iy,
(ii) Given thatthat az + bz* = 4 – 8i, find . the values of the real constants a and b. [5]
8 (i) Show
where x and they matrix − thatreal
arer exact ≡ numbers. [1]
[6]

#
7 (i) Find r +n2represents
r(r + 2)a rotation through 90° clockwise about the origin. [2]

4
(ii) Hence show that
(ii) quadratic
The
(ii) Find
Hencethefind matrix
equation
/
thatx 2represents
an expression,
r =1 + x +
2-r
r (r + 1) (ra +
k
in = 0
terms has
=
2) (n +
reflection
roots
of n, forain
and
n
n
1the
b
+ 22)
) (nx-axis.
.
.
.
[5]
[2]
[6]

#/
3M= d n . Prove by induction
2 2 r(r + 2)
4 The matrix M is given ∞ by r =1 that, for n 1,
(iii)
(i) Hence find the of
matrix x2=that 2+ -
0 1 r obtain
2u represents
Use
Findthe the substitution
value 111 to .a rotation
a quadratic through 90° clockwise
equation in u. about the origin, followed by[2]a
Given thatin the x-axis.r (r +
(iii) reflection = 1) (,rfind + 2)the value of N. [4]
[2]
r(r
r = 2 + 2) 30 2 n 2 nb+1--12
af - 1 d p
r =N+1 n (Q8, Jan 2013)
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of d 0 n 1 n in terms of k.
M = . [6]
[2]
(iv) Describe a single transformation that is represented 2 2by your answer to part (iii). [2]

n
335
85 Find / (4the
By using
The cubic
3
- 3r 2 +kxr3) +
requation
determinant , giving
of xyour
–3= answer
6x2an+ appropriate in a kfully
matrix,
0 , where is a factorised
find non-zero form.
of λ forhas
the valuesconstant, which theasimultaneous
roots [6]
, b and c. equations
r =1
(Q5, June 2013)
Find the value of (a + 1)(b + 1) + (b + 1)(c3x+ +1)2y+ +(c4z+ =1)(5,a + 1) in terms of k. [6]
λy + z = 1,
6© OCR 2012 4725 Jun12

imaginary x + λy + λz = 4,
1 1 3
349 do(i)not
Show
havethat
a unique - / . l [2]
3r - 1solution
3r +for
2 x, (y3rand
- 1z.) (3r + 2) [6]
Turn over
/
© OCR 2013 2n 4725/01 Jan13
1 n
(ii) Hence show that = . [6]
(3r - 1) (3r + 2) 2 (3n + 1)
r =1
(Q9, June 2013)
C