CHAPTER 1:

1.1 Definition and role of e-logistics

- E-logistics (Electronic Logistics) refers to the integration of digital technologies into
logistics and supply chain management processes. It involves the use of information and
communication technologies (ICT) to optimize the movement, storage, and flow of
goods, services, and information across the supply chain. E-logistics includes tasks such
as inventory management, transportation, warehousing, order processing, and tracking,
all facilitated by digital platforms and tools.
- Key features of e-logistics include:
o Real-time tracking and monitoring of shipments through GPS, RFID, and IoT
devices.
o Automation of warehousing and distribution processes.
o Digital platforms for order management, such as e-commerce systems and
enterprise resource planning (ERP).
o Data analytics for optimizing routes, inventory levels, and demand forecasting.
o Integration of various supply chain systems for seamless information flow
between suppliers, manufacturers, and customers.
=> E-logistics is a critical component of modern e-commerce to help company to
improve efficiency, reduce costs and customer satisfaction
- The role of e-logistics
o For the overall supply chain
 The physical flow of goods
 The flow of information
 The flow of finances
o For firm value chain
 Benchmarking
 The role of information for e-logistics
1.2 Impact of e-commerce on e-logistics
- Tính thông tin (Information)
o Tiếp cận
o Chất lượng
o Linh hoạt
- Tính tương tác (Interactivity)
o Giao tiếp đa chiều
o Khả năng hợp tác
- Tính cá nhân hóa (Individualigation)
o Nhu cầu khách hang
o Chất lượng dịch vụ
- Change distribution channels
1.3 Model of e-commerce logistics
- E-procurement
o Purchase, inventory
o warehouse
o SRM
o Extranet
o B2B
- E-fulfillment
o Sales, order processing
o Delivery, service
o CRM
o Internet
o B2B, B2C
-The Emerging Internet-Driven Supply Chain
The emerging Internet-driven supply chain operates like a digital logistics nervous system. It
provides multidirectional communication among firms, networks of firms, and emarketplaces so
that entire networks of supply chain partners can immediately adjust inventories, orders, and
capacities.
1.4 Operating model in e-logistics
- Outbound logistics in e-commerce is a part of e-commerce logistics that includes
activities, functions and effective integration processes. The function of outbound
logistics is to ensure that goods are supplied according to an accurate process from the
time the order is received until the goods are delivered to customers.
- Outbound logistics

Traditional logistics model for order

- Outbound logistics in e-commerce
 Logistics model for online order

Quy trình xử lý đơn hàng trong logistics đầu ra

- Inbound logistics in e-commerce includes the process of purchasing goods from
suppliers, issues related to packaging, warehousing and preserving goods.
- Features:
o Purchasing management
o Inventory management
 o Warehouse
o Packaging
- Phân biệt logistics và e-logistics

1.5 Analyzing e-logistics operating models

a. Mô hình lưu kho (Fulfillment by X)

b. Mô hình qua kho (On Demand Fulfillment)

c. Mô hình nhà bán tự vận hành (seller devivery)

d. Mô hình bán hàng đa kênh (Multichannel Fulfillment)

1.6 Overview of logistics
Economic Impacts of Logistics
- Macroeconomic impacts
o Economic utility
o Possession utility
o Form utility
o Place utility (*)
o Time utility (*)

Table 1.1: The Cost of the Business Logistics System in Relation to a Country’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP)
Logistics: What It Is
- Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) definition: “Logistics
management is that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and
controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services,
and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in
order to meet customers’ requirements.”
The Increased Importance of Logistics
- A reduction in economic regulation
- Changes in consumer behavior
- Technological advances
- Advances in retailing
- Globalization of trade
The Systems and Total Cost Approaches to Logistics
- Systems approach
o Compatibility between a company’s goals and objectives and major functional
area goals and objectives
o Interdependence of functional areas
o Interdependence of logistics activities or intra-functional logistics

Figure 1.1: Control Over the Flow of Inbound and Outbound Movements
The Systems and Total Cost Approaches to Logistics
- Total cost approach
o Cost trade-offs: changes to one activity cause some costs to increase and others
to decrease
o Total logistics concept: integration of all activities into a unified whole that seeks
to minimize distribution costs in a manner that supports an organization’s
strategic objectives
Logistical Relationships within the Firm
- Marketing
o Place decisions
o Price decisions
 Landed costs
o Product decisions
 Stockouts
 Sustainable products
o Promotion decisions
- Marketing Channels
o Channel members
 Manufacturers
 Wholesales
  Retailers
- Activities in the Logistical Channel
o Customer service
o Facility location decisions
o Inventory management
o Order management
o Procurement
o Transportation management
o Demand forecasting
o International logistics
o Materials handling
o Packaging
o Reverse logistics
o Warehousing management
- Processes involved e-logistics (B2C)
o 1. Method of payment
o 2. Check product availability
o 3. Arrange shipments
o 4. Insurance
o 5. Replenishment
o 6. Contact with customers
o 7. Returns

o Arrange a method of payment.

Possible payment methods:

 At the time of order: e-payment (e.g. PayPal), credit card
 At the time of delivery: COD
 For electronic payments, a system of verification of payment is needed
before shipping
o Check product availability
 If possible, inform customer of availability before order is placed.
 If out of stock or the product will take time to manufacture, inform
customer of the delay.
o Arrange shipments
 Electronic shipping – quick and immediate
 Physical product – determine best shipping method for level of service
 It is the biggest activity (labor, energy, money, etc.) for E-Logistics
o Insurance
  This option needs to be available for customers since product can be lost
or damaged in the shipping process.
o Replenishment
 This is an overview step. It should be examining all aspects of physical
inventory at a location and reordering as needed:
 Product – product sitting on shelves or material to manufacture
product
 Non-product – shipping materials, parts for machines in process,
items that are part of the shipping process (scanners, totes, carts,
etc.)
o Contact with customer
 With an invisible process (back-door operations), the customer needs to
be informed as much as possible.
 Most common types of communication:
 Order confirmation
 Payment success
 Shipping confirmation
 Tracking information
 Any problems in the process
o Returns
 The flow of product from customer back to the vendor is called reverse
logistics.
 Possible reasons for customers to return or exchange product:
 Damaged
 Doesn’t work
 Don’t like it
 Wrong product/type/color

Chapter 2 LOGISTICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Mục tiêu
2.1 Hạ tầng công nghệ thông tin
• Vai trò của HTTT trong quản trị hậu cần
• Cơ sở hạ tầng CNTT hỗ trợ quản trị hậu cần
• Hệ thống thông tin tổng thể trong TMĐT
• Ảnh hưởng của internet đến hậu cần
2.2 Hạ tầng phân phối vật chất
• Khái quát về mạng lưới cơ sở hậu cần
• Các phương án thiết kế mạng lưới cở sở hậu cần
• Kho bãi trong mạng lưới phân phối vật chất

2.1 Information technology infrastructure for logistics

2.1.1 The role of information system for logistics management
- Lợi ích của việc sử dụng thông tin Hiệu quả và Hiệu suất
o Kiến thức và khả năng hiển thị lớn hơn trên toàn bộ chuỗi cung ứng
o Nhận thức rõ hơn về nhu cầu của khách hàng thông qua dữ liệu điểm bán hàng
o Phối hợp tốt hơn giữa sản xuất, tiếp thị và phân phối
o Xử lý đơn hàng hợp lý và giảm thời gian giao hàng
- Hệ thống phân cấp tổ chức (Organizational Hierarchy)

- General Types of Information Management Systems

- Office automation systems  Provide effective ways to:
o Process personal and organizational business data
o Perform calculations
o Create documents  Include general software packages
o Word processing
o Spreadsheet (most relevant for logisticians)
o Presentation
o Database management applications  Spreadsheet (most relevant for
logisticians)
- Communication systems
o Help stakeholders work together by interacting and sharing information in many
different forms
o Examples of telecommunication technologies
 Fax machines
 Personal computers
 Electronic mail
 Cellular phones
 Tablets
 Smart phones
 o Examples of logistics information technology
 Electronic data interchange (EDI)
 Wireless communication
 Emerged as the measuring stick during the first decade of the
twenty-first century
 Device examples include: - Global positioning systems (GPS) -
Tablets (such as Apple’s iPad)
- Transaction processing systems (TPS)
o Collect and store information about transactions
o Efficient processing of transactions with a choice of either:
 Real-time processing
 Batch processing  Examples include:
 Electronic data interchange (EDI)
 Automatic identification technologies
 Essential component of point-of-sale (POS) systems
 Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
- Management information systems (MIS) and executive information systems (EIS)
o Convert TPS data into information for monitoring performance and managing an
organization
o Objective is to provide managers and executives the information they really
need
o A logistics information system (LIS) can be defined as “the people, equipment,
and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely,
and accurate information to logistics decision makers.
o Structure and Function of a Logistics Information System
- Decision support systems (DSS)
o Help managers make decisions by providing information, models, or analysis
tools
o Examples of specific uses include:
 Vehicle routing issues
 Inventory control decisions
 Developing automatic order picking systems
 Optimization models for buyer–seller negotiations
o Types of techniques include:
 Simulation
 Technique that models a real-world system, typically using
mathematical equations to represent the relationships among the
system’s components
 Application-specific software
  Technique developed to help managers deal with specific logistics
processes or activities
 Popular option includes on-demand software (also referred to as
software-as-a-service or cloud computing
o Examples of logistics-related application-specific software
 Transportation management systems (TMS) –
 Software package that automates the process of building orders,
tending loads, tacking shipments, audits, and payments
 Warehouse management systems (WMS)
 Software package that provides oversight of the storage and flow
of materials within a company’s operations
o Types of techniques include:
 Data mining
 Is the application of mathematical tools to large
bodies of data in order to extract correlations and
rules
 Dependent on data warehouses Central repository for all relevant
data collected by an organization
- Enterprise systems
o Create and maintain consistent data processing methods and an integrated
database across multiple business functions  Enterprise systems example:
o Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
 “lets a company automate and integrate the majority of its business
processes, share common data and practices across the enterprise, and
produce and access information in a realtime environment
o Shortcomings of ERP
 Costs of installation
 Time-consuming installation process
 Initially lacked strong application-specific logistical capabilities such as
TMS or WMS
2.1.2 Cơ sở hạ tầng công nghệ thông tin
- Phần cứng:
 Thiết bị xử lí dữ liệu
 Thiết bị ngoại biên
- Phần mềm:
o PM hệ thống
o PM ứng dụng
- Mạng truyền thông
o Kết cấu mạng, thiết bị
 o Dịch vụ
- Cơ sở dữ liệu
o Trái tim của HTTT
o Loại bỏ khó khan: dư thừa trùng lặp, không nhất quán, không an toàn
- Các giải pháp CNTT cho e-logistics

2.1.3 Hệ thống thông tin tổng thể trong TMĐT

- SRM- Quan hệ cung ứng

o Mua hang
o Quản trị dự trữ
o Thiết kế mạng lưới & tuyến đường vc
- CRM – Quan hệ khách hang
o Marketing
o Bán hang
o Trung tâm dịch vụ KH
- Hệ thống thông tin hậu cần
o Khái niệm: Một cấu trúc bao gồm: con người, phương tiện & các quy trình để thu
thập, phân tích, định lượng và truyền tải thông tin một cách hợp lý nhằm tăng
cường hiệu quả hoạt động hậu cần trong DN
- Vai trò của LIS:
 o Nắm vững thông tin về biến động thị trường & nguồn hang
o Đảm bảo sử dụng linh hoạt các nguồn lực
o Xây dựng chiến lược hậu cần hiệu quả về: thời gian, không gian và phương pháp
vận hành
- Lợi ích của Quy trình:
o Thống nhất cách làm
o Cơ sở đánh giá hiệu quả
o Nền tảng của hệ thống quan rlys
o Căn cứ để cải tiến
o Tích lũy tri thức của công ty (Knowledge management system)
o Vốn tổ chức (niềm tin chung)
- Quy trình triển khai:
 Bước 1: Chuẩn hóa Cơ cấu tổ chức/ Chức năng nhiệm vụ/ MTCV
 Bước 2: Phân tích và viết các bước xử lý các công việc theo quy trình mẫu
( SỐ HÓA)
 Bước 3: Thực hiện
 Bước 4: Quản lý
 Bước 5: Cải tiến
 Bước 6: Chuẩn hóa
 Bước 7: Số hóa
- Các yếu tố thành công:
o Cam kết lãnh đạo
o Công cụ phần mềm
o Cải tiến liên tục
o Chính sách áp dụng
o Truyền thông xuyên suốt
- Sơ đồ khái quát của LIS:
- Sơ đồ và quá trình vận hành chi tiết của LIS

- Dữ liệu đầu vào

o DL Khách hang
 Quá trình tiếp nhận ĐĐH
 Hóa đơn mua hang/VC
 Hóa đơn nhập hang/ xuất hang hóa
o DL nội bộ
  Thông tin trong nội bộ Doanh nghiệp
 Báo cáo kế toán, thống kê
 Báo cáo tình hình mua hang
 Thực trạng các nguồn hang
 Nghiên cứu thị trường/ cạnh tranh
o DL quản trị
 Ý kiến chuyên gia
 Kinh nghiệm/ tư vấn
 Dự báo thị trường
o Thông tin đại chúng
 Dữ liệu thứ cấp
 Nghiên cứu các ngành/ cấp
 Xu hướng & trào lưu thông tin
- Quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu: