NAME: SECTION:
DATE: GROUP:
Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Experiment No. 6
Inferential Statistics
General Instructions: Kindly answer the following problems and show your complete solutions
and interpretations (if any) to the given problems. Only handwritten and digitally handwritten
answers are accepted. Please do not modify the text and table in this activity. SHOW YOUR
SOLUTIONS and PROVIDE INTERPRETATIONS. AI-GENERATED ANSWER WILL
GET MINUS POINTS. (70 points)
PART 1. PROCEDURE AND CALCULATION OF ‘T, Z and F’ TEST
Aim: Procedure and calculation of T, Z and F test for given set of data
One-Sample t-test: A researcher wants to test if the average height of a sample of students is
significantly different from the known average height of the general population, which is 170
cm.
Student Height (cm)
1 165
2 172
3 168
4 175
5 169
6 170
7 173
8 167
9 171
10 174
Z-test: A researcher wants to test if the average IQ of a sample of students is significantly
different from the known population average IQ of 100. The population standard deviation is
known to be 15.
Student IQ Score
1 105
2 112
3 98
4 110
5 102
6 95
7 115
8 108
9 100
10 107
F-test: A researcher wants to compare the variances of two groups of students' test scores.
Group A:
Student Score
1 85
2 92
3 88
4 95
5 90
Group B:
Student Score
1 75
2 80
3 78
4 82
5 77
Use Excel or SPSS
a. Input the data into your preferred software (Excel, SPSS, Jamovi, etc.).
b. Run the appropriate test: For one-sample t-test and z-test, you'll need to specify the
hypothesized population mean. For the F-test, you'll need to specify the two groups of
data.
c. Interpret the results: Look at the p-value and compare it to significance level of 0.05
Flow chart:
PART 2. CALCULATION OF CHI-SQUARE TEST
Aim: Calculation of chi-square test.
Chi-square test. Hypothetical study investigating the association between smoking and lung
cancer.
Exposure (Smoking) Disease (Lung Cancer) Non-Disease Total
Yes 100 200 300
No 50 650 700
Total 150 850 1000
Use Excel or SPSS
a. Input the data into your preferred software (Excel, SPSS, Jamovi, etc.).
b. Calculate the expected frequencies: For each cell, multiply the row total by the column
total and divide by the grand total.
c. Calculate the chi-square test statistic: Use the formula (χ² = Σ [(O - E)² / E])
d. Determine the degrees of freedom
e. Find the critical value: Use a chi-square distribution table to find the critical value for the
given 0.05 significance level and degrees of freedom.
f. Compare the calculated chi-square statistic to the critical value: If the calculated chi-
square statistic is greater than the critical value, reject the null hypothesis. Alternatively,
you can use a p-value approach to make the decision.
SPSS
Variable View Enter the Variable Name
Data View Enter the Corresponding data
Analyze
Descriptive frequencies
Cross tabs
Chi- Square
Output
PART 3. CALCULATION OF LINEAR REGRESSION, SPEARMAN’S CORRELATION
AND PEARSON CORRELATION
Aim: Calculation of linear regression, Spearman’s Correlation and Pearson Correlation. Based
your output in the video links you watched.
1. Linear Regression. A study investigating the relationship between age and blood pressure.
Age (years) Blood Pressure (mmHg)
25 120
30 125
35 130
40 135
45 140
50 145
55 150
60 155
Use Excel of SPSS
a. Model the relationship between age and blood pressure using a linear regression
equation: Blood Pressure = β₀ + β₁ * Age + ε
b. Show and solve for regression statistics (multiple correlation coefficient R, R square,
Adjusted R square, Coefficient of determination R2, Standard estimation error,
observations, ANOVA, intercept, probability output and trendlines for normal
probability.
c. Show analysis and interpretation
2. Spearman’s Correlation. A study investigating the relationship between the level of
education and income.
Education Level (Years) Income (Thousands of Dollars)
12 40
14 50
16 60
18 70
20 80
Use Excel of SPSS
a. Solve for Spearman’s Correlation, show the formula, ranks, n, T-statistic, DF, trendlines
and p-value
b. Show analysis and interpretation
3. Pearson Correlation. A study investigating the relationship between hours of study and
exam scores.
Hours Studied Exam Score
2 60
4 75
6 85
8 90
10 95
Use Excel of SPSS
a. Solve for correlation coefficient, Pearsons correlation, show the formula, solve for n, T-
statistic, DF, trendlines and p-value
b. Show analysis and interpretation
