INTRODUCTION TO

MECHATRONICS
PRASHANT AMBADEKAR
 Control is the process of altering, manually or
automatically, the performance of a system to a
desired one.

Because systems by themselves usually do not

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
behave the way we would like them to
 Manual Control System
Consider a simple manual control system shown below.

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Automatic Control System
 Manual/Automatic Control System

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describes the situation in which a
machine is controlled by another machine.
 Activity - TPS

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What do these devices have in common?
 Essentials in Mechatronics System

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 Toaster A Mechatronics Application

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 Toaster A Mechatronics Application

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 Toaster A Mechatronics Application

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 Toaster A Mechatronics Application

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 Toaster A Mechatronics Application

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 DEFINITION OF MECHATRONICS

Mechatronics is a concept of origin (1970

and can be defined as the application of electronics and
computer technology to control the motions of
mechanical systems.

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The term was coined by Yasakawa
Electric Company to refer to the use of electronics in
mechanical control
 DEFINITION OF MECHATRONICS
Integration of electronics, control engineering, and
mechanical engineering.
W. Bolton

Application of complex decision making to the operation

of physical systems.
D. M. Auslander and C. J. Kempf

Synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
electronics and intelligent computer control in the design
and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.
F. Harshama, M. Tomizuka
 DEFINITION OF MECHATRONICS
Synergistic use of precision engineering, control theory,
computer science, and sensor and actuator technology
to design improved products and processes.
S. Ashley

Methodology used for the optimal design of

electromechanical products.
D. Shetty and R. A Kolk

Field of study involving the analysis, design, synthesis,

and selection of systems that combine electronics and

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mechanical components with modern controls and
microprocessors.
D. G. Alciatore and M. B. Histand
 DEFINITION OF MECHATRONICS

Mechatronics is defined as the interdisciplinary field of

engineering that deals with the design of products

whose function relies on the integration of mechanical,

electrical, and electronic components connected by a

control scheme.

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Computer algorithm to modify the behavior of a mechanical system.
Electronics are used to transduce information between the computer
science and mechanical disciplines.
 DEFINITION OF MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics: Working Definition

Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of sensors,

actuators, signal conditioning, power electronics, decision

and control algorithms, and computer hardware and software

to manage complexity, uncertainty, and communication in

engineered systems.

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 MECHATRONICS
Controller
is

mind of the mechatronic system

that processes

user commands and sensed signals

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to generate command signals

to be sent to the actuators in the system.

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MECHATRONICS
 ADVANTAGES OF MECHATRONICS

It has made easy to design products and processes.

Mechatronics system helps in optimizing performance

and quality.

The products produced are cost effective and of good

quality.

Higher degree of flexibility.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF MECHATRONICS

Knowledge of different engineering disciplines for

design and implementation is imperative.

It is expensive to incorporate mechatronics approach

to an existing / old system.

Specific problems for various systems will have to be

addressed separately and properly.

High initial cost of the system.

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 OBJECTIVES OF MECHATRONICS

To improve products and processes.

To develop novel mechanism.

To design new products.

To create new technology using novel concepts.

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 SENSOR
Sensor is a device that responds to a change in the
physical phenomenon.

Sensors are required to monitor the performance of

machines and processes.

Transducer is a device that converts one form of

energy into another form of energy.

Some of the more common measurement variables

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
in mechatronics systems are temperature, speed,
position, force, torque, and acceleration.
 VARIOUS SENSOR
Proximity sensors
Limit switches
Potentiometer
Digital optical encoder
Strain gage
Load cells
Linear variable differential transformer
Bimetallic strip
Thermocouple
Accelerometer
Surface acoustic wave as sensor

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Hall effect sensor
Resistance temperature detector
 USE OF SENSORS / TRANSDUCERS

To provide information of the measuring element.

Position, velocity or acceleration.
To act as protective mechanism for the system.
To help eliminate redundant devices.
Complex or expensive feeding or sorting devices.
To provide real time information concerning nature of
the task being performed.

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To provide identification and indication of the
presence of different components.
 ACTUATOR
Kind of motor that controls / moves mechanisms /
systems.

Mechanism that converts electrical signals into useful

mechanical motion or action.

Actuation involves a physical acting on the process

initiated by a sensor.

It takes hydraulic fluid, electric current or other

sources of power and converts the energy to

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facilitate the motion.

Actuators produce either linear, rotary or oscillatory

motion.
 ACTUATOR
Speed is vital in the case of motion control
equipment.

Process of converting sources of power into energy

has been a great innovation to machinery.

Efficiency brought about by actuators make them a

cost effective alternative to human operation.

There are four main types of actuators:

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Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric and Mechanical.
Unconventional actuators
 HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR
It consist of a cylinder or motor that utilizes hydraulic
power to facilitate mechanical process.

Mechanical motion gives an output in terms of linear,

rotary or oscillatory motion.

LIMITATION:
Since liquids are nearly incompressible, they take
longer to gain speed and power

ADVANTAGE:

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Can exert great force.
Precise control of the movement produced.
 HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

MODE OF OPERATION:

Manually, such as a hydraulic car jack

Through a hydraulic pump, which can be seen in
construction equipment such as cranes or
excavators.

WORKING:

Linear actuators consists of a hollow cylinder that

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contains fluid and a piston that is inserted in it.
When pressure is applied onto the piston, objects
can be moved by the force produced.
 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR

Pneumatic actuators work on the same concept as

hydraulic actuators

Fluid used is compressed gas instead of liquid.

Energy is converted into linear or rotary motion

depending on the type of actuator.

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 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
PREFERRED:

For quick operation.

Places where cleanliness is important

LIMITATIONS:

Leakage
Less efficient compared to mechanical
actuators.
Create noise

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More space is needed
 ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
Devices powered by motors that convert electrical
energy to mechanical torque.

Electrical energy is used to create motion in

equipment.

Since no oil is involved, electrical actuators are

considered to be one of the cleanest and readily
available forms of actuators.

Electric actuators are typically installed in engines,

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where they open and close different valves.
 MECHANICAL ACTUATOR
Mechanical actuators function through converting
rotary motion to linear motion.

It receives energy from various source.

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 VARIOUS ACTUATORS
Solenoids
Relays
Electric motors
Voice coil
Piezoelectric
Gear
Cam
Chain drive
Harmonic drive
Comb drive

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 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM

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 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Mechatronic systems are commonly found in homes,
offices, schools, shops, and of course, in industrial
applications.
Common mechatronic systems include:

Domestic appliances: Fridges and freezers, microwave

ovens, washing machines, vacuum cleaners,
dishwashers, mixers, blenders, stereos, televisions,
telephones, lawn mowers, digital cameras, videos and
CD players, camcorders, and many other similar modern
devices.

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
Domestic systems: Air conditioning units, security
systems, automatic gate control systems.
 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Office equipment: Laser printers, scanners, photocopiers,
fax machines, as well as other computer peripherals.

Retail equipment: Bar-coding machines, and tills found in

supermarkets.

Banking systems: Note counting machines, and

automatic teller machines.

Manufacturing equipment: Numerically controlled (NC)

tools, pick-and-place robots, welding robots, automated

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guided vehicles (AGVs), and other industrial robots.
 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Aviation systems: cockpit controls and instrumentation,
flight control actuators, landing gear systems, and other
aircraft subsystems.

Automobile system: ABS, air-bags, parking (proximity)

sensors, anti-theft electronic keys, door lock system
etc.

Elevators and escalators

Mobile robots and manipulator arms

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Sorting and packaging systems in production lines
 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Computer Numerically Control (CNC) machines

Aeroplanes and helicopters

Tank fluid level and temperature control systems:

Temperature control system in an industrial oven

Heat-seeking missiles: These are complex systems that

require extremely fast responses. A poor or slow
controller could easily lead to the destruction of the

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missile. The orientation of the missile will be controlled
based on the heat signal received from the target.

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM)

 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM

Automatically stops when the

door is opened.

Software control with various

programmes.

Revolution and rotation may

start synchronously during
paint mixing.

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
The revolution and rotation speed is controlled
perfectly to make sure the machine will work
steadily.
 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Automatic clamping and
opening setting
Speed control to ensure
stable operation.
Self checking program runs
automatically before
operation.
Controller activates alarm in
case of abnormality.

Digital display to show actual time and set time so

that exact mixing is obtained.

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Automatic identification of the drum size to offer
adequate clamping power and rotation speed.
 EXAMPLES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
sensor
Light sensor Measures the Controls screen brightness
brightness of ambient
light
Thermometer measuring ambient If component gets overheated,
temperature. system shuts down by itself
Accelerometer Measures acceleration Portrait or landscape
that handset orientation. Screen
experiences facing upwards or downward
Barometer Measure atmospheric Determines how high the
pressure device is above sea level,
which in turn results in
improved GPS accuracy

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Proximity Measures the distance Deactivate display for saving
sensor between phone and power and prevent any
face unintentional inputs caused
from touching face/ear to the
screen.
 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS

The study of mechatronic systems can be divided

into the following areas of specialty:

1. Physical Systems Modeling

2. Sensors and Actuators
3. Signals and Systems
4. Computers and Logic Systems
5. Software and Data Acquisition

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 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS

Modeling is the process of representing the behavior

of a real system by a collection of mathematical
equations and logic.

Models are collections of mathematical and logic

expressions.

Models can be either or

Models are represented in block diagram.

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 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS

Models accept external information and process it

with their logic and equations to produce outputs.

Externally produced information supplied to the model

either can be fixed in value or changing.

An external information is called an

Model output information is assumed to be changing

and is therefore referred to as output

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 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS
Block diagram consist of two fundamental objects:
signal wires and blocks.

Signal wire transmits a signal or a value from its point

of origination to its point of termination.

An arrowhead on the signal wire defines the direction

in which the signal flows.

Direction of flow is defined for a given signal wire.

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Signals may flow in forward or backward direction.

A block gets input and produces output.

 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS
Simulation is the process of solving the model and is
performed on a computer.

Simulation process can be divided into three

sections: initialization, iteration, and termination.

Initialization sort equations for each blocks according

to the pattern in which the blocks are connected.

The iteration section solves any DE present in the

model using NT and/or differentiation.

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Display section of a simulation is used to present the
output.
Reading, chart or animation.
 KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS

Optimization

Optimization solves the problem of distributing limited

resources throughout a system so that pre-specified
aspects of its behavior are satisfied.

In mechatronics, optimization is primarily used to

establish the optimal system configuration.

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