Physics
Topic 8I - Fluids
Do Now Activity: Draw the particle arrangement of a solid, liquid and
a gas. Give an example of a solid, liquid and a gas
Solid Liquid Gas
e.g coal e.g petrol e.g steam
Physics Topic 8I Learning Journey
1. Why do solids, liquids and gases have different properties?
2. How does temperature affect density?
3. How do materials change state?
4. How do fluids apply pressure?
5. Why do some objects float but others sink?
6. What is drag and how can it be reduced?
7. Assessment
States of matter
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the properties of the different states of matter
in terms of the particle model
• Explain why materials expand and contract when the
temperature changes
Does it flow or change its shape?
• Generally, • Liquids can change
solids do not • Gases can flow
their shape and
flow or change flow so they take up and change their
their shape the shape of the shape
(unless when container they are
heated) in
Can it keep its volume and be compressed?
•Solids keep their volume and
cannot be compressed
•Liquids keep their volume and
cannot be easily compressed
• Gases can change their volume
and be compressed
Why do you think solids and liquids cannot be easily compressed?
Particles are very close together and have stronger bonds than gases
Forces of attraction and movement
Which state of matter has the strongest forces of attraction (bonds)?
Solids- the particles are closer together
Which state of matter moves the fastest?
Gases- weak bonds between particles
Temperature affects particles
Progress check: Spot the mistakes made on this table
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Does it have a fixed
shape? 1. No 2. No 3. No
Can it flow / be poured? 5. Yes 6. No
4. No
Does it have a fixed
volume? 7. Yes 8. No 9. No
Can it be compressed? 1, 6,
10.8,No12, 13, 16
11. No 12. No
What are the bonds like
between particles? 13. Weak 14. Fairly strong 15. weak
16. Do not 17. Slide over each
How do the particles
move?
18. Very fast
move other
Task 1: Complete the worksheet about the particle model (8Ia-4)
Challenge me:
Scientists think the particle model is correct because it explains
different observations. Explain how diffusion proves the particle
model is correct.
Answer:
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. Without the
movement of particles, diffusion would not take place.
Task 1: Check your answers (8Ia-4)
1.
(solids) - Volume, compress, close together, strong
(liquids)- volume, shape, container, close together
(gases)- expand, far apart, weak
Task 1: Check your answers (8Ia-4)
2.
a. Particles vibrate faster and move further apart
b. The volume increases
c. Movement slows down and particles move closer
d. The volume decreases
States of matter
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the properties of the different states of matter
in terms of the particle model
• Explain why materials expand and contract when the
temperature changes
The picture on
the left was
taken after a
heatwave in the
U.K.
Why does the
train track look
like that?
Expansion and contraction
Pavements cracking
Expansion and contraction
Glass shattering
Expansion and contraction
Expansion joints in bridges so the bridge won’t break
when temperature changes
Expansion and contraction
Car engine parts are designed to be slightly loose when
the car is cold, so it doesn’t break when engine warms
up
Expansion and contraction
The Eiffel
tower is about
7 inches
shorter in the
winter than in
the summer
Task 2: Re-arranging statements
Challenge me:
A bridge is built without expansion gaps. Explain what could
happen to the bridge if the temperature became:
[Link] hotter than the day it was built
[Link] colder than the day it was built
Answer:
a. The metal would expand in hotter weather, so bridge might
buckle
b. The metal would contract in colder weather, so bridge might
break / be pulled apart
Task 2: Check your answers
When a substance (e.g. a solid) is heated
the particles gain more kinetic energy and will move
faster
this causes the forces of attraction between the
particles to weaken
the particles will move further apart
the solid will expand (get bigger)
it expands even further when it becomes a liquid or a
gas
Task 2: Check your answers
When a substance (e.g. a solid) is cooled down
the kinetic energy decreases so the particles
move closer
this allows the forces of attraction between the
particles to get stronger
the particles will move closer together
the solid will contract (get smaller)
States of matter
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the properties of the different states of matter
in terms of the particle model
• Explain why materials expand and contract when the
temperature changes
