BS LOGIC
OBJECT OF THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY
Introduction to Philosophy
1. Material Object (subject matter of any
PHILOSOPHY study)
pythagoras derived the term Philosophy “all things that exist, since only
from two Greek words, “philo” (love) beings can be known by reason”
and “Sophia” (wisdom)
etymologically known as the love of 2. Formal Object (the special
wisdom consideration in the study of the subject
early Greek philosophers gained public matter)
acceptance of being wise men or lovers “an object of knowledge must
of wisdom always be something and not nothing,
scientific definition: it is the rational being and not non-being”
science on the study of the formal
reasons, causes, and principles of all
things knowable through the use of DIVISION OF PHILOSOPHY
unaided human reason alone
1. Ontology or Metaphysics
study of beings as beings
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF THE REAL most comprehensive study
DEFINITION which makes this the most
important philosophical science
it is a science; it must be systematized
body of knowledge supported by facts 2. Cosmology
and principle rational inquiry into the physical
it is rational; distinguishes itself from word and its ultimate principles
empirical study of bodily natures
it deals with formal causes, reasons, understanding about time,
and principles; philosophy is space, energy, and force; all
investigative in its approach starting bodily objects are bound by time
from causes, reasons, and principles of and space, all objects that rely
all things (as long as they are beings) on force and energy are simply
cause – responsible for the temporary or accidental
production of an effect
3. Theodicy
principle – through which other philosophical investigation on
things proceed or a starting point God’s essence and existence
of something else
reason – constitutes its sufficient 4. Ethics or Moral Philosophy
explanation for its existence or practical science on the morality
being of human conduct
geared towards the performance
it only utilizes human reason alone; of certain actions
man’s natural capacity to understand
things with validity emanates only from 5. Political or Social Philosophy
his natural reason; very foundation of study of the ultimate foundation
all scientific breakthroughs, for without of a state
natural reasons, all the sciences would
redound to nothing
6. Epistemology/Theory of Knowledge
(Major Logic)
study on the validity of human
knowledge
investigates and further proves
the impossibility of human
knowledge to fail and become
worthless
7. Aesthetics
philosophical understanding of
beauty in things
Aristotle emphasized the
predominance of subjectivity
over objectivity by accepting that
“beauty lies in the eye of the
beholder”
8. Axiology
study of the concept of values
9. Rational Psychology
philosophical study of the
principle of man’s life
10. Logic
study of correct inferential
thinking
art and science of correct
thinking
11. Philosophy of Man
study of what man is and what it
means to be fully human
effectively investigate about man
phenomenology and
existentialism; when combined
phenomenological
existentialism
