Introduction to
Machine Learning
Machine learning is a powerful tool that allows computers to learn from data
and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. It is
revolutionizing industries and transforming our world.
by Khush Sharma
Supervised Learning
Definition Applications Examples
Supervised learning is a type of Supervised learning is used for Linear regression, logistic
machine learning where the tasks like image classification, spam regression, and decision trees are
algorithm is trained on labeled data, detection, and predicting housing popular supervised learning
allowing it to make predictions or prices. algorithms.
decisions on new, unseen data.
Unsupervised Learning
1 Definition 2 Applications 3 Examples
Unsupervised learning is a Unsupervised learning is used K-means clustering,
type of machine learning for tasks like customer hierarchical clustering, and
where the algorithm discovers segmentation, anomaly principal component analysis
patterns and insights from detection, and dimensionality are popular unsupervised
unlabeled data. reduction. learning algorithms.
Neural Networks
Definition Capabilities
Neural networks are a type of machine learning model Neural networks excel at tasks like image recognition,
inspired by the structure and function of the human natural language processing, and speech recognition.
brain.
Complexity Applications
Neural networks can be highly complex, with multiple Neural networks are used in a wide range of
hidden layers and millions of parameters to train. industries, from healthcare to finance to
transportation.
Decision Trees
Intuitive Hierarchical Versatile
Decision trees are a simple and Decision trees work by recursively Decision trees can be used for both
intuitive machine learning algorithm partitioning the data based on feature classification and regression tasks,
that can be easily interpreted. values, creating a tree-like structure. making them a widely applicable
algorithm.
Bias-Variance Tradeoff
Bias
1 Bias refers to the error introduced by approximating a real-world problem with a
simplified model.
Variance
2 Variance refers to the sensitivity of the model to fluctuations in the training data.
Tradeoff
3 The goal is to find the right balance between bias and variance to achieve
optimal model performance.
Model Evaluation
1 Training
The model is trained on a portion of the available data.
2 Validation
The model's performance is evaluated on a separate validation dataset.
3 Testing
The final model is assessed on a held-out test dataset to estimate its real-world
performance.
Real-World Applications of Machine
Learning
Healthcare Personalized medicine, drug discovery, and early
disease detection.
Finance Fraud detection, stock market prediction, and credit
risk assessment.
Transportation Self-driving cars, route optimization, and predictive
maintenance.
Retail Personalized recommendations, demand forecasting,
and inventory optimization.
