o What is software ? • Instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired function and performance, and
• Documents that describe the operation and use of the programs
Therefore, Computer programs + documentation.
o What is software Engineering ?
• The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software
• The application of Engineering to software.
…Introduction
What is software Engineering?
• Software Engineering is the science and art of building significant software systems that are on time, on budget and with acceptable performance, correct operation.
• An engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of
software production from the early stages of system specification through to maintaining the system after it has gone into use.
• The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software. ƒ (IEEE), issued in 1993. …Introduction
o Categories: • Generic Products: that are marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy them. Examples – graphics programs, project management tools; CAD software • Customized products: Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs.
Examples – embedded control systems, air traffic control software,
traffic monitoring systems. …Introduction
o Types of Software: • System Software :compiler, operating systems • Real-time Software • Business Software • Engineering and Scientific Software • Embedded Software-: • AI Software: Expert systems, pattern recognition, games • Internet Software :search engine, browser, e-commerce software, • Data collection systems • Batch processing systems …Introduction
o Software Characteristics • It is a product, but also a vehicle for delivering a product.
• Software is a logical rather than a physical system element.
• Software is developed or engineered, it is not manufactured
Software doesn’t “wear out”.
• Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled
• Software is intangible /hard to understand devt Cost/
• Software is easy to reproduce/Cost is in its devt/
• The industry is labor-intensive/Hard to automate/
… Introduction
o Software Costs • The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software. • More and more systems are software controlled • Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries. • Software costs often dominate computer system costs. • Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop. • Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development. …Introduction
o History of Software development
• In the 1950's, SE was deemphasized as it cover 20% of all.
• Started in 1968 at a conference to discuss “Software crisis”.
• Individual / ad hoc approaches result in costly, unreliable, late.
• In 1968, a NATO report coined the term "software engineering“.
• By the 1980's the software cost of a system had risen to 80%.
• Engineering approach(SP, OOP) are devised.
…Introduction
o Stake holders in SE • Users: those who use
• Customers: who pay
• Software developers: who develops
• Development Managers …Introduction
o Stake holders in SE Introduction to …Introduction Software Engineering/Unit-1
o PAttributes of a good software
• Usability: Users can learn it fast and get their job done easily
• Efficiency: It doesn’t waste resources / CPU time and memory/
• Reliability It does what it is required to do without failing
• Maintainability: It can be easily changed
• Reusability: Its parts can be used in other projects, so
reprogramming is not needed
o Each can conflict; In an increase efficiency can reduce
maintainability or reusability and vice versal …Introduction
o Related Disciplines/Terms with SE:
• SE: The practical of developing and delivering useful software
• CS: theories and fundamental
• System Engineering: is concerned with all aspects of computer-
based systems development including hardware, software.
• Programming: The process of translating a problem from its
physical environment into a language that a computer can understand and obey ..Introduction
o Major Goals of SE:
• To increase software productivity and quality.
• To effectively control software schedule and planning
• To effectively control software schedule and planning.
• To reduce the cost of software development.
• To meet the customers’ needs and requirements.
• To enhance the conduction of software engineering process.
• To improve the current software engineering practice.
• To support the engineers’ activities in a systematic and efficient
manner. ..Introduction
o Objectives of SE: • Identify new problems and solutions in software production.
• Study new systematic methods, principles, approaches for system
analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance.
• Provide new ways to control, manage, and monitor software process
• Build new software tools and environment to support software
engineering. ..Introduction
o Software Engineering is a layered Technology
• Quality: Which fosters a continuous process improvement. • Process :Defines a framework with set of activities for effective delivery of Computer software. • Method: Provides technical how-to’s for building software. • Tools :Provide automated support for process and methods … Introduction
o Software Crisis in SE • The "software crisis" refers to a time in the software development field when increasing hardware capabilities allowed for significantly more complex programs to be built. • It was challenging to build and maintain such new programs because little methodology had been used in the past, resulting in numerous project failures. • Methodology such as structured or top-down design was introduced to combat this crisis. … Introduction
o Challenges SE: • Software is not delivered on time
• Software is over budget (usually by a factor of 2 or more)
• Software is too complex.
• Software is unmaintainable
• Software is inefficient, due to poor design, documentation
• Software is unreliable …Introduction
o Ethics and professional Practice in SE
• Confidentiality You should normally respect the confidentiality of your employers or clients irrespective of whether or not a formal confidentiality agreement has been signed.
• Competence You should not misrepresent your level of competence.
You should not knowingly accept work that is outside your competence.
• Intellectual property rights You should be aware of local laws
governing the use of intellectual property such as patents and copyright. Computer misuse You should not use your technical skills to misuse other people’s computers like game playing on an employer’s machine, dissemination of viruses ). …Introduction
o Fundamental software engineering activities
• Specification: Set out the requirements and constraints.
• Design: Produce the model of the system
• Development: Build the system
• Test: Check the system meets the required spec.
• Maintaince: Summary
o Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned
with all aspects of software production.
o Software is not just a program or programs but also includes
documentation.
o Essential software product attributes are maintainability, dependability,
security, efficiency, and acceptability.
o Fundamental SE activities are specification, design,development,test
o Software engineers have responsibilities to the engineering
profession and society. They should not simply be concerned with technical issues.
