CONCEPTS FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OPERATORS AND SMART CITIES

Integration of
Electromobility
At a glance
The increasing share of electric vehicles (EVs) will have a • Definition of software and hardware requirements
large impact on our power distribution grids. Existing as well as operating models
grids must be expanded to cope with future require- • Definition of processes (e.g., interoperability)
ments resulting from new load patterns and the integra- • Consideration of relevant regulatory and legal
tion of large numbers of charging poles, as well as fast- requirements as well as subsidy programs
charging stations for electromobility. • Increasing the hosting capacity for electric vehicles
(EVs) in existing distribution grids
Siemens PTI offers a holistic solution concept which
• Determination of optimal, cost-efficient solutions and
considers both technical and economic aspects. We draw
suitable technologies for upcoming challenges
from a wide range of experiences and support our clients
• Improving grid performance and stability by conside-
in the following tasks:
ring the integration of charging control into intelligent
• Enabling of electromobility strategy by identifying the management systems
client’s part of the value chain and role
• Development of electromobility concepts and viable
business cases
 siemens.com/power-technologies

The challenge operated as energy storage for renewable energy

(“vehicle to grid”).
The emerging trend to substitute combustion engine
cars with EVs for private and commercial transportation As the transition is expected to occur over the next
will have significant impact on the existing low-voltage decade, the changes will only slowly affect the grids and
and medium-voltage networks. their operation. Nevertheless, the systems must be adap-
ted to the changing requirements so that a large-scale
Past/today integration of EVs can be accommodated in the future.
Normal AC • Home
Holistic electromobility concepts and power system
3 – 11 kW • Employer charging
studies which identify suitable, cost-efficient reinforce-
Fast AC • At shopping
ment measures help to ensure that our power supply
>11 kW • EV-sharing charging/Fleets
• Public charging systems can cope with the future load development.
Fast DC • Highway/Gas stations National and international guidelines, standards and
50 – 120 kW regulations need to be considered.

Our solution
Today/near future
When connecting a large number of EVs to an existing
Normal AC • Home
3 – 11 kW • Employer charging grid, various tasks should be addressed: from the
development of business models and operational stra-
Fast AC/mobile charging • At shopping
tegies, to the definition of requirements for software and
> 11 kW • Public charging
hardware, and to the impact on grid planning and
Fast DC/V2G • Highway/Gas stations operation. Different aspects can be combined in our
50 – 120 kW • At shopping
consulting studies to find the best solution.
High Power DC (HPC) • Highway/Gas stations
120 – 350 kW • At shopping Business case and business model development
(400/800 V)
To develop an electromobility vision and to set the right
Inductive • Home objectives, existing concepts, value chains, stakeholder
(static/dynamic) EV-sharing charging/Fleets
groups and geographical demand models are analyzed.
3 – 10 kW
By understanding the individual unique selling
Figure 1: Charging power proposition of our customer, potential business models
can be derived.
The modern charging technologies enable EVs to be
charged with electrical power ranging from several kW to Then, economic aspects are evaluated through invest-
more than 350 kW. ment planning and forecasting sales/EBIT, including
consideration of future expansion scenarios. By this
The charging load of EVs depends on many factors, such
means, viable business cases are developed considering
as charging simultaneity and the power demand of
the stakeholder needs. Different scenarios are assessed
charging technology, which can be much larger than the
with varying parameters, such as time, personnel or
average household load and does not follow the known
financials. The result is a practical and executable
consumption patterns. Since the existing distribution
roadmap to implement the selected and most promising
grids are not designed for a substantial penetration of
business model.
EVs, there is a tremendous potential for overloading
system components.
Demand modeling
With the help of Information and Communications Together with our customers we develop specific scena-
Technology (ICT) the charging procedure of EVs can be rios for consumption patterns and, in particular, for the
controlled, which gives players like distribution system expected load demand. Relevant charging technologies
operators ample opportunities for optimized charging, as and strategies are assessed and depicted in a consistent
well as utilization of EVs for ancillary grid services. In the model.
long-term, these new types of loads might even be

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 siemens.com/power-technologies

In order to achieve an improved grid performance at mi- In addition, a systematical grid assessment can be
nimal costs, charging stations can be integrated into the performed using load-flow and short-circuit analyses,
overall grid control. For example, by selecting appro- calculation of harmonics, as well as reliability analyses.
priate charging control strategies, the maximum number Future scenarios for electromobility are developed,
of EVs can be increased, or required investments for grid taking into account different business cases, usage
extension can be reduced. Based on the existing grid patterns, charging technologies and derived charging
structure, the customer’s targets and given framework profiles. According to the previously defined KPIs, the
requirements, a technically and economically efficient optimal grid structure can be defined.
solution can be selected.
Grid connection studies
Connecting one or several new charging stations to the
grid requires a number of analyses. If the closest point of
connection is not technically viable, a grid structure
analysis can help to identify a technically suitable and
economical connection point.

In this assessment the laying of the existing lines is

considered so that any required investments can be
included in the calculation.

If a larger number of charging points are to be connected

to the grid, possible effects on the grid and connected
consumers must be investigated. Especially harmonic
currents can negatively affect sensitive loads. Depending
on the number of charging stations, the charging
capacities and technologies, the right voltage level and
topology for the connection points can be selected.

Additionally, the charging infrastructure of depots needs

to be protected against internal and external faults. We
assist in developing suitable protection concepts to meet
our customer’s requirements, considering the installed
power and thus the importance of the plant. We can also
support in determining the optimal protection relay
settings.

How you can benefit

With our consulting services for the integration of
Figure 2: XXXXXX electromobility into existing distribution grids we provide
our clients with
Grid design
The initial step for assessing the impact of EVs and • a holistic strategy concept for electromobility and an

battery charging stations on the electrical network is the economically efficient, flexible and transparent

analysis of the current grid. Together with our customers implementation roadmap,

we define the key performance indicators for analyzing • a detailed assessment of the impact of EVs on their

how many EVs can be integrated into the existing distri- electrical network,

bution grid and to identify the most suitable locations • an optimized grid concept for improved resilience and

and connection points for individual charging poles and grid performance.

fast charging stations.

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Published by
Siemens AG

Smart Infrastructure
Grid Software
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90459 Nuremberg, Germany

For the U.S. published by

Siemens Industry Inc.
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© Siemens 2022

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