Faculty of Arts Ph.

D Program
English
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY- SYLLABUS
Total Hours:60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports – Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit-II Mechanics of Writing

Spacing, indentation and margin – Methodology in Bibliographical entries – names of persons, common
and Latin abbreviations – Use of Acronyms and Alphabetism in the body- punctuations – Titles of works
– Direct and in direct quotations – Ellipsis marks –Significance of round and square brackets, and
underlining Use of (sic) in quotations.

Unit- III Format of Empirical Thesis

Experimental and Practical research-Purpose and significance of Empirical thesis –Choosing a field-
Formulation of hypothesis – If experimental, at laboratories – new findings remaining unknown – If
practical, preparing questionnaire on the basis of hypothesis – Collection of data through on the spot
study – Findings by applying statistics – Arriving at a conclusion – Suggestions and recommendations.
Computer applications in language research.
Unit – IVIntroduction to Theoretical Perspectives
Background to Contemporary Literary Theory, Russian Formalism, New Criticism, Feminism,
Structuralism, Marxism, Modernism, Post-Modernism and Post-Colonialism

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFICCONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours)(A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours)(A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References:
• Nunan, D. (1992) Research Methods in Language Learning. CUP.
• Bachman, L.F. (2004) Statistical Analysis for Language Assessment.CUP.
• Kothari, C.P. (2009) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age
Publications.
• Mackay, A & S. M. Gass (2005) Second Language Research Methodology and Design.Mahwah, N. J :
Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Sharma, B.A. V, Prasad, D. R. and Satya Narayan, P. (1983) Research Methods in Social Sciences. New
Delhi: Sterling Publications Pvt. Ltd
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik,D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Instituteof
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall,J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
BIOCHEMISTRY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports– Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a
Research Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIMicroscopy and Analytical Instrumentations

Principle,structure and applications of Bright field,Darkfield,Phasecontrast,Fluorescent,Electron
microscopy (TEM & SEM),Confocalmicroscope and Foldscope.Atomic force microscope (AFM).pH meter-
determination of pH,Colorimetry,Spectroscopy techniques – UV – Visible,Fluorescence,FT–
IR,Atomicabsorption,NMR,Massspectrometry,MALDIToF,IRspectrum,X-ray crystallography.

Unit – III Bioinformatics

Biological data bases – DNA sequence data bases & protein sequence data bases.Genome database –
Mouse genome database.SRS-Similarity searching pair-wise sequence alignment –
BLAST,FASTA.Dynamic programming – local and global
alignment,Needlemanalignment.Multiple sequence alignment – Phylogeny.Structure database –
Secondary structure prediction, Chou feat pass man,Neural network methods.Predicting 3 dimensional
folds (Threading),Homology modeling,Molecular docking.

Unit – IV Biostatistics
Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research – Data collection,presentation of
Data – Measures of central tendency – Mean,Median,Mode,Correlation co-
efficient,Standarddeviation,student ‘t’ test,chi-square test.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its
uses.Basics of computers – types,servers,operating systems – Windows,UNIX and Linux.Finding scientific
articles – Pubmed.Outline of SPSS and Mathematica.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• Jogdand SN. 2004. Gene Biotechnology Published by
HimalayaPublishingHouse,Mumbai.
• Baxevanis, A.D. & Ouellette, B.F.F. 2001. Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes
and proteins – Wiley Inter science – New York.
• John G Webster. 2004. Bioinstrumentation .Student edition, John Wiley &sons, Ltd.
• Kleinsmith, L. J. & Kish, V.M. 1995. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2ndedn., McLaughlin, S.,
Trost, K., Mac Elree, E. (eds.)., Harper Collins Publishers, New York.
• Keith Wilson& John Walker. 2003. Practical Biochemistry Principles &
techniques.5thedition,Cambridge university press.
• Palanivelu P.2001. Analytical biochemistry and separation Techniques A Laboratory manual. 2nd
edition, Published by Tulsi Book Centre, Madurai, Tamilnadu.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
BIOSTATISTICS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports – Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIData Collection Techniques and Interpretation

Collection of Data : Primary Data –Meaning, Secondary data –Meaning–Relevance’s, limitations and
cautions. Data Collection methods: Interview; Observation; Questionnaire, Developing tools –Validity
(internal & external), Reliability of the tools. Meaning of Interpretations Techniques of
Interpretation, Precautions in Interpretations, Data Processing; Coding, tabulations, classifications.

Unit – III Bioethics&Statistical Analysis

Bioethics: Introduction, Animal rights and animal laws in India, Prevention of cruelty to animals Act1960,
Biodiversity Act 2003. Concept of 3 R – conservation (Refined- to minimize suffering, Reduced –to
minimize animals, Replaced – modern tools and alternate means) Animal use in research andeducation
,Laboratory animal use, care and welfare, animal protection initiatives- animal welfare boardof India,
CDSCO,CPCSEA, ethical commitment. Working with human: consent, harm, risk and benefits.

Unit – IVStatistical Analysis

Statistical analysis using MS office -Excel, SPSS, Epi –info, R Software, onlinesoftwares, Research
management tools like Zotero /Mendeley.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.]
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
CHEMISTRY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports – Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIMicroscopy and Analytical Instrumentations

Principle, structure and applications of Bright field, Darkfield, Phase contrast, Fluorescent, Electron
microscopy (TEM & SEM), Confocal microscope and Foldscope. Atomic force microscope (AFM).pH
meter-determination of pH, Colorimetry, Spectroscopy techniques – UV – Visible, Fluorescence, FT– IR,
Atomic absorption, NMR, Mass spectrometry, MALDIToF, IR spectrum, X-ray crystallography.

Unit – III Separation Techniques

Centrifugation-preparative and analytical,ultracentrifugation,density
gradientcentrifugation.Principles and applications of gel – filtration,Ion-
exchange,affinitychromatography;Thin layer and gas chromatography;High pressure liquid (HPLC)
Chromatography,HPTLC,GC-MS,LC-MS.Electrophoresis – Principle,types and applications – PAGE
(proteins),Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (Nucleic acids),Pulse field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE),Two
dimensional electrophoresis (IEF).
Unit – IV Computing and Networking
Introduction to computers and computing – hardware,Basic organization of a
computer,CPU,Mainmemory,Secondarystorage,I/O device,Software,System and application software.
Online search of Chemistry databases,e- journals,search engines for chemistry,chemweb.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.

References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• Jogdand SN. 2004. Gene Biotechnology Published by Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• K.Balagurusamy, Fortran for Beginners Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi 1990
• K.V.Raman Computer in Chemistry, Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi 1990
• Balagurusamy C++ Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi 1995
• Sanjay Saxena, MS Office XP for Everyone, 1/e Vikas Publishing 2000
• Manual of M.S Office Microsoft Inc.
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
PHYSICS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports – Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIMicroscopy and Analytical Instrumentations

Principle, structure and applications of Bright field, Darkfield, Phase contrast, Fluorescent, Electron
microscopy (TEM & SEM), Confocal microscope and Foldscope. Atomic force microscope (AFM).pH
meter-determination of pH, Colorimetry, Spectroscopy techniques – UV – Visible, Fluorescence, FT– IR,
Atomic absorption, NMR, Mass spectrometry, MALDIToF, IR spectrum, X-ray crystallography.

Unit – IIIStatistical Methods

Interpolation – significance of interpolation – methods of interpolation – Binomial method – Newton's
method – Newton's forward form – Newton's backward form –Finite differences – Lagrange's method –
theoretical distribution – Binomial – Poisson – hypergeometric and normal distributions – data fitting-
principle of least squares – fitting a straight line – curve fitting – Chi square test – conditions for applying
Chi square test – uses and limitations.

Unit – IV Introduction to Computing

Introduction to computers and computing – hardware,Basic organization of a
computer,CPU,Mainmemory,Secondarystorage,I/O device,Software,System and application
software.Programming in C: Constants – Variables – Data types – Operators and Expressions –
Input/Output Statements – Control statements – Functions – Arrays – One, two, multidimensional array
declarations and initializations.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• K.Balagurusamy, Fortran for Beginners Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi 1990
• K.V.Raman Computer in Chemistry, Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi 1990
• Sanjay Saxena, MS Office XP for Everyone, 1/e Vikas Publishing 2000
• Manual of M.S Office Microsoft Inc.
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
COMPUTER SCIENCE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports –Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIAlgorithms and Analysis

Elementary data Structures,Greedy method: Knapsack problem – Job sequencing with deadlines –
Optimal merge patterns,Dynamic programming: Multistage graphs – Optimal binary search trees – 0/1
knapsack – Reliability design – the traveling salesperson problem – Flow shop scheduling,Basics search
and traversal techniques: The techniques code Optimization – Biconnected components and depth –
first search.Backtracking: The 8 – Queer s problem – Sum of subsets – Hamiltonian cycles –Knapsack
problem.

Unit – IIISoftware Engineering

Software Engineering process paradigms – Project management – Process and Project Metrics –
Software estimation – Empirical estimation models – Planning – Risk analysis – Software project
scheduling.Requirements Analysis and Design:Prototyping – Specification – Analysis modeling –
Software design – Abstraction – Modularity – Software Architecture – Effective modular design –
Cohesion and Coupling – Architecture design and Procedural design – Data flow oriented design – design
patterns.User interface design – Human Computer Interface design–Interface design – Interface
standards.Programming languages and coding – Language classes– Code documentation – Code
efficiency – Software configuration Management-real time systems– Reverse Engineering and Re-
engineering – CASE tools – Projects management,tools – analysis and design tools – Programming tools
– integration and testing tools – clean room software engineering.
Unit- IV Analytical Methods (Omit Theorem and Proof)

Introduction – types of correlation – scatter diagram method – correlation graph method –coefficient of
correlation – Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient – coefficient of concurrentdeviation – correlation
coefficient by the method of least square – Error of the coefficient ofcorrelation – coefficient
ofdetermination.Introduction – graphic methods for studying regression – algebraic method of
studyingregression – Regression equation in case of correlation table – standard error of estimate –
ratioof estimate.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory)(15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.

References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.]
• K. R. Gupta, Statistics – Volume 1, Atlantic Publishers and Distributers, 2014. (Chapters 8 and 9)
• Roger Pressman. S Software Engineering “ A practitioner Approch 3rdEditonMcGraw Hill, 1997
• P Fleeger “Software Engineering’ Prentice Hall, 1999
• Carlo Ghezzi, Mehdi, Jazayari, Dino Mandrioli “Fundamental of Software Engineering’ Prentice Hall
of India, 1991.
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
MATHEMATICS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports –Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIOptimization
Direct and gradient based methods for constrained and unconstrained optimization problems.

Unit – III Applied Mathematics

Fundamental properties of eigen values and eigen functions forsymmetric kernels, Hilbert Schmidt
theorem and some immediate consequences, solutions of integral equations with symmetric kernels.

Unit – IV Computational Methods

Numerical solution of linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations,numerical solution of linear
partial differential equations.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory)(15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.

References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• Leigh, D.C., Non-linear Continuum Mechanics, MGH.
• Eringen, A.C., Non-linear Theory of Continuous Media, Academic Press, 1962.
• Soholnikoff, I. S., Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, MGH.
• Chandrasekhariah, D. S. and Debnath, L., Continuum Mechanics, Academic Press.
• Chang Edwin, K.P. and Zak, S., An Introduction to Optimization, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.
• Aokie, M., Introduction to Optimization Techniques : Fundamentals and Applications of Nonlinear
Programming, Macnillan, 1971.
• Sun, W. and Yuan, Y., Optimization Theory and Methods : Nonlinear Programming, Springer, 2006.
• Bazaraa, M.S., Shreali, H.D. and Shetty, C.M., Nonlinear programming : Theory and Algorithms, John
Wiley & Sons., 2004.
• Tricomi, F.G., Integral Equations, DoverPub., 1985.
• Kress,R., Linear Integral Equations, Springer-Verlag, 1999.
• Mikhlin, S.G., Integral Equations, Pergaman Press, 1964.
• Hochstadt, H., Integral Equations, Wiley, 1973.
• Numerical Methods for Mathematics, Science and Engineering –J. W. Mathews-PHI.
• Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis –S. S. Sastry –PHI.
• Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations –G. D. Smith.
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
MICROBIOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports –Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – II Microscopy and Analytical Instrumentations

Principle,structure and applications of Bright field,Darkfield,Phasecontrast,Fluorescent,Electron
microscopy (TEM & SEM),Confocalmicroscope and Foldscope.Atomic force microscope (AFM).pH meter-
determination of pH,Colorimetry,Spectroscopy techniques – UV – Visible,Fluorescence, FT–
IR,Atomicabsorption,NMR,Massspectrometry,MALDIToF,IRspectrum,X-ray crystallography.

Unit – III Separation Techniques

Centrifugation-preparative and analytical,ultracentrifugation,density
gradientcentrifugation.Principles and applications of gel – filtration,Ion-
exchange,affinitychromatography;Thin layer and gas chromatography;High pressure liquid (HPLC)
Chromatography,HPTLC,GC-MS,LC-MS.Electrophoresis – Principle,types and applications – PAGE
(proteins),Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (Nucleic acids),Pulse field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE),Two
dimensional electrophoresis (IEF).Microbial Identification System (MIS).

Unit – IV Biostatistics
Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research – Data collection,presentation of
Data – Measures of central tendency – Mean,Median,Mode,Correlation co-
efficient,Standarddeviation,student ‘t’ test,chi-square test.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its
uses.Basics of computers – types,servers,operating systems – Windows,UNIX and Linux.Finding scientific
articles – Pubmed.Outline of SPSS and Mathematica.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• Jogdand SN. 2004. Gene Biotechnology Published by Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• John G Webster. 2004. Bioinstrumentation .Student edition, John Wiley &sons, Ltd.
• Kleinsmith, L. J. & Kish, V.M. 1995. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2ndedn., McLaughlin, S.,
Trost, K., Mac Elree, E. (eds.)., Harper Collins Publishers, New York.
• Keith Wilson & JohnWalker. 2003. Practical Biochemistry Principles & techniques. 5th edition,
Cambridge university press.
• Palanivelu P.2001. Analytical biochemistry and separation Techniques A Laboratory manual. 2nd
edition, Published by Tulsi Book Centre, Madurai, Tamilnadu.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• Bird, A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of Science Ph.D Program
ZOOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports –Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – IIMicroscopy and Analytical Instrumentations

Principle,structure and applications of Bright field,Darkfield,Phasecontrast,Fluorescent,Electron
microscopy (TEM & SEM),Confocalmicroscope and Foldscope.Atomic force microscope (AFM).pH meter-
determination of pH,Colorimetry,Spectroscopy techniques – UV – Visible,Fluorescence, FT–
IR,Atomicabsorption,NMR,Massspectrometry,MALDIToF,IRspectrum,X-ray crystallography.

Unit – III Histological Techniques

Processing tissue samples for light and electron microscopy,Immunochemical localization- Cryostat
Sectioning – Flow cytometry – FISH and GISH – Microarray.

Unit – IV&Biostatistics
Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research – Data collection,presentation of
Data – Measures of central tendency – Mean,Median,Mode,Correlation co-
efficient,Standarddeviation,student ‘t’ test,chi-square test.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its
uses.Basics of computers – types,servers,operating systems – Windows,UNIX and Linux.Finding scientific
articles – Pubmed.Outline of SPSS and Mathematica.
Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)
PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.

References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• John G Webster. 2004. Bioinstrumentation .Student edition, John Wiley &sons, Ltd.
• Kleinsmith, L. J. & Kish, V.M. 1995. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2ndedn., McLaughlin, S.,
Trost, K., Mac Elree, E. (eds.)., Harper Collins Publishers, New York.
• Keith Wilson& John Walker. 2003. Practical Biochemistry Principles & techniques.5th
Edition,Cambridge university press.
• Palanivelu P.2001. Analytical biochemistry and separation Techniques A Laboratory maual. 2nd
edition, Published by Tulsi Book Centre, Madurai, Tamilnadu.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• Bird, A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf
 Faculty of COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT
Ph.D Program
COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –SYLLABUS
Total Hours: 60
Credits: 4

Unit-I Research Methods

Meaning of Research-Objectives of Research-Motivation in Research – Types of Research – Significance
of Research –Research and Scientific Method– Criteria of good Research – Problem Encountered by
Researchers in India – What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem – Defining the Problem –
Technique involved in Defining the Problem- Research Design – Different research design – Basic
principles of Experimental Designs – Significance of Report Writing – Different Steps in writing Report –
Layout of the Research Report – Types of Reports – Oral Presentation Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report – Precautions for Writing Research Reports-Research metrics and Indexing.

Unit – II
Sampling design – Meaning – Concepts – Steps in sampling – Criteria for good sample design – Types of
sample designs – Probability and Non-Probability samples – Sample sixe determination – Data collection
– Data collection: Types of data – Sources – Tools for data collection – Constructing Questionnaire –
Reliability and Validity – Pilot study – Date Pre-Processing : Coding and Editing data analysis:
Exploratory, Descriptive and Inferential Analyses.

Unit – III
Test of significance: Parametric and Non-Parametric tests.Parametric tests –t test,F test and Z test – Non
Parametric tests – U Test, Kruskal Wallis, Sign test – Multivariate Analysis – Factor
analysis,Clusteranalysis,MDS,Discriminate Analysis Correlation and Regression analyses – Statistical
Packages and its Applications – Other Tools of Model Building.

Unit – IV
Analysis and Interpretation – Significance – Points to be noted in Analysis and Interpretation – Report
Writing-Layout of the Report – Types of Report – Steps in writing the Report – Foot note-Bibliography.

Unit – V Research and Publication Ethics (Theory) (15 Hours)

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:(3 Hours)
1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches 2. Ethics: definition,
moral philosophy, nature of moral judgments and reactions.
SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT: (5 Hours)
1. Ethics with respect to science and research 2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity 3. Scientific
misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP) 4. Redundant publications: duplicate and
overlapping publications, salami slicing 5. Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data,
PUBLICATION ETHICS:(7 Hours)
1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance 2. Best practices / standards setting
initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest 4. Publication misconduct: definition,
concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice versa, types 5. Violation of publication
ethics, authorship and contributorship 6.Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and
appeals 7. Predatory publishers and journals

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS (PRACTICE)(15 HOURS)(INTERNAL)

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING:(4 Hours) 1. Open access publications and initiatives 2. SHERPA/RoMEO
online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies 3.Software tool to identify
predatory publications developed by SPPU 4. Journal finder/journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier
Journal Finder, Springer Journal Suggested, etc.
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT:(4 Hours) (A) Group Discussions: 1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP,
authorship 2. Conflicts of interest, 3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
(B) Software tools: Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software
tools,
DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS:(7 Hours) (A) Databases: 1. Indexing databases 2. Citation
databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. (B) Research Metrics: 1. Impact Factor of journal as per Journal
Citation Report, SNIP, SIR, IPP, Cite Score 2. Metrics: h-index, g index, i10 index, altmetrics.
References
• Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
• Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p.
• Arora, P.N. &Malhon, P.K.1996. Biostatistics. Imalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
• Ramadass, P. and A. Wilson Aruni 2009. Research and Writing - Across the Disciplines. MJP
Publishers, Chennai – 600 005
• William G.Zigmund, “Business Research Methods”, Cengage Learning India Pvt Ltd, 2006.
• RaoK.V. Research “Methods for Management and Commerce”, Sterling Publishers, 1993.
• O.R.Krishnasamy – Methodology of Research in Social Sciences, Himalaya Publishers.
• Young, Pauline V. Scientific Social Surveys in Research, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NF.
• Bird,A.(2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
• Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
• P.Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN:978-9387480865
• National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine. (2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National Academies
Press.
• Resnik, D.B.(2011).What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/
resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfrn
• Beall, J.(2012). Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature, 489(7415), 179-179.
• https://doi.org/l0.1038/489l79a
• Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(2019), ISBN:978-8l-939482-l-7.httj>://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/Ethics Book.pdf