EXPERIMENT NO -5

PART-A
Aim: Demonstration of use of starters for DC motor and three phase induction motor along with
understanding of specifications on name plates of these machines. (DC & AC starter.)

Objective: [Link] will be able to understand different types of AC and DC starts used for
different Motors

Theory:
DC MOTOR STARTERS (DC starter):
1. TWO POINT STARTER:

A two point starter is used for switching a series motor which has the problem of over
spreading due to loss at the load from the shaft. Here for starting the motor, the control on
in moved clockwise from its position against the spring tension. The control arm is held in
the ‘ON’ position by an electromagnet. This held on electromagnet connected in series with
the armature circuit. If the motor losses it load current and hence the strength of the
electromagnet also decreases. The control arm return to the DFF position due to a spring
tension, thus the preventing motor from over spreading the starter which are connected with
the supply and motor terminals.
[Link] POINT STARTER:

[Link] POINT STARTER

A 4 point starter includes four most important operational points.

 The line terminal (L) is connected to a positive supply

 The Armature terminal (A) is connected the winding of an armature.
 The field terminal (F) is connected to the field winding.
 In addition to 3 point starter, there is an extra operational point which is denoted with
the letter N, and it is connected to the NVC (No Voltage Coil)
The circuit diagram of a four-point starter is shown below, and its arrangement can form
three parallel circuits.

It consist of
 Armature, shunt field winding and starting resistance
 The shunt field winding & a variable resistance coil.
 The current limiting resistance and holding coil

From the above three circuit arrangements, there is no flow of current effect using the holding
coil if there is some difference in speed of the motor. Currently, regular push-button starters
are also utilized. In these starters, the ON-switch is pushed to link the current limiting
beginning resistors in series through the armature circuit, then the complete line voltage is
obtainable to the circuit. The beginning resistor is slowly detached with an automatic
controlling plan. The armature circuit is detached once the OFF switch is pressed. The usual
starter circuits have been designed with time delay relays and electromagnetic contactors.
The main benefit of this starter is that it allows even the new operator to operate the motor
easily.

Drawbacks of 4 Point Starter

The only drawback or limitation of the four-point starter is that it cannot control the speed of
the high current in the motor. When the motor winding is opened under the working
condition then the field current usually decreases to zero. Although as a few of the remaining
flux is still there in the DC motor, as well as we know that this flux is correlative to the
motor’s speed. Thus, the motor’s speed enhances thoroughly, which is unsafe and therefore
safety is not feasible. This unexpected rise in the motor’s speed is known as “high-speed act
of the motor”.

This is all about 4 point starter, and it’s working. From the above information finally, we can
conclude that both the 3 point starter & 4 point starter are same in construction. Although in 3
point starter, once the motor speed changes then the flow of current through the field coil &
this current will effect on the no voltage coil. For reducing this problem, the 4 point starter is
implemented. Three-point or four-point starters are used for controlling the speed of motors.
Whenever no speed control or small speed control is required then 3 point starter or 4 points
starter can be used

THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS: (AC starter)

1. AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER:
It is also known as autotransformers or compensator. It consists of an autotransformers
with necessary switches or three phase transformers reduced voltage is applied to the
motor when the motor pick up 80%. So, that the transformer is out-out and full voltage is
given to the motor most of the autotransformer are provided with 3 sets of tops so as to
reduce the voltage to 85, 60 up to 50% of the line voltage. Again the autotransformer
starter may also be provided with stop overload protection and interlocks. The completer
scheme of the starter also included.
(a) Interlocks to ensure reduced voltage starting.
(b) Protection against over load etc..,
2. STAR – DELTA STARTER:
The three phase induction motor to be started with the help of the star delta starter must has
its six terminals of the stator winding available. (A1 – A2), (B1 – B2), (C1 – C2). Thus for a
415v across each phase of the stator winding during running. The stator winding is
connected in star during starting. Thus for a 415v each winding phase gets 415/_3 = 230V.
The starting current is thus reduced in the same proportion (1: _3) and the starting torque is
reduce to 1: 1/_3 compared with the values with full starting. Thus a reduced voltage is
applied to the motor during starting. After the motor starts and attains speed. The
connections are changed to delta with the help of the stator and the motor operations at full
voltage and hence runs under normal conditions. The star delta starter has the reconnecting
arrangement and in addition it has the following features.
1. An interlock to prevent direct switching to delta position.
2. A push button (or) knob to stop from running condition. After operating this, the switch
is brought to the OFF position.
3. An over load protection
This method is used in the case of the motor which one built to run normally with a delta
connected starter winding. It consists of two way switch connect the motor in star for starting
and then delta for normal running. The star connected applied voltage by a factor of 1/_3 and
hence the torque developed because 1/_3 of that of which would have been developed if the
motor war directly connected in the delta. The three types of star delta starters are:
1. Hand Operated
2. Semi-Automatic
3. Fully Automatic
3. DIRECT ON LINE STARTER (or) D.O.L. STARTER:
When fully voltage is supplied across the starters of induction motor, lot of current in drawn
by the winding. This is because at the time of starting the induction motor are started using
direct on line starter on heavy starting current will flow through the winding such as heavy
starting current of short duration may not cause to the motor. Since the construction of
induction motor are rugged. Moreover it takes time for temperature rise to endanger the
utilization of motor windings. But this heavy impression current will cause large voltage drop
with the linear during the period of motor A direct alternate method at starting of induction
motor is application up to starting of induction motor. The ON push button is pressed coil A
becomes energized and if open contacts are closed when OFF button push button is pressed
in a will get energized and main contacts of the conductor open when the motor starts, in case
of overload on the motor the contact of over load may be opened and sub sequent the motor
will stop. In case of over load the overload relay also opens the circuit of the coil and the
contactor opens. In case of a supply failure while the motor is running, the coil is DE
energized and the motor is isolated from the supply lines. After the supply is resumed the
operator has to operate the start push button
Conclusion:Thus the DC and AC Motor starters were studied

PART-B
Aim: Study of specifications on name plates of DC motor and three phase induction
motor.
Objective: Students will be able to understand and explain specifications of machines.

Question:
1. What are the specifications given on DC motor rating plate or nameplate? Explain in
brief.
Ans:-Each motors are manufactured with its specified details. The details about the motor is
given in the motor name plate. In this way we understand about DC Motor through name plate.
1. Make: CG - The motor Manufactured by Cormpton Greves In such way, we can see
some other manufactured such as siemens, ABB, IEC, BHEL etc
2. M/c Number: SALG 859 - In, this you can find the machine model number. Each
machine has its seperate model.
3. REF:- MBADDOIG- This is for manufacture reference purpose. This number is used to
fide out the testing details
4. KAN: 3.7- The maximum power that can be supplied by the motor. Also it says about
the motor energy consumption
5. frame size: ASHC132U- Here 132L means the height of the motor from footer to
shaft centre is 132 mm and L means the core size is length.
6. RPM: 1500- This is the speed of the DC [Link] motor rotates 1500 revolution per
min.
7. Insulation class: F - Insulation class mention that the type of insulation material is
used in the motor winding This is an important data of the motor, to control the
body temperature of the motor.
 8. Excitation : SEP - In this, we can come know that type of excitation system used for
exciting field winding Here SEP means seperately excited, also SELF means self
excited DC motor.
9. Armature Voltage: 110 Volt- The rated armature voltage is 110DC vots. More than
110v. supply to the armature winding is not recommended.
10. Type : SHUNT - It tells about the field coil [Link] types of DC motors are
most popular. first one is Series motor second one is shunt motor and compound
motor.
11. Armature current: 40 Amps- This rated current of the armature is 40 Amps. This is
full load capacity of the motor.
12. Field voltage : 110 volts & field current: 0.87 Amp The input DC Voltage of field
winding is 110v & the max rated cument of the field winding is 0.87.
13. Protection: IP5J protection from dirt, dust, oil and other non- corrosive material.
14. AMB 50 deg.
15. Cooling IC0041 etC.

2. What are the specifications given on 3-Phase Induction Motor rating plate or
nameplate? Explain in brief.
1. Voltage - This data tells you at which voltage the motor is made to operate.
Nameplate- defined parameters for the motor such as power factors, efficiency
torque and current are at rated voltage and frequency When the motor is used at
other voltages than the the voltage indicated on the nameplate, its performance will
be affected voltage on motor nameplate.
2. Erequency- Usually for motors, the input freq. is 50 or 60 HZ. Frequency on motor
nameplate.
3. Phase This parameter represents the number of AC power lines that supply the
motor single-phase and 3-phase are considered as the standard phase on
nameplate.
4. Current -current indicated on the nameplate corresponds to the rated power output
together with voltage and frequency
5. Type - Some manufactures use type to define the motor as single-phase or
polyphase, single phase a or muti speed or by type of construction. Neverthiess
there as no industry standards for type, motor type.
6. Power factor - Power factor is indicated on the nameplate as either app" or "PF" or
cosᴓ the motors nameplate provides you with the power foctor for the motor at full
load.
7. KW or horsepower - kw or Hp is an expression of the motor's mechanical output
rating
8. Full toad Speed- Full load Speed is the speed of which rated full-load torque is
delivered at rated power output normally the Full - load speed is given in RPM
 9. Efficiency - Efficiency is the motor's output power divided by its input power
multiplied by 100 Efficiency Is expressed as a percentage.
10. Duty.
11. Insulahon class.
12. Maximum ambient temperature.
13. Altitude - This indicanon shows maximum height above sea level.
14. Enclosures
15. Frame The frame size data on the nameplate is an important piece of information it
determines mounting dimensions such as the foot hole mounting pattern and the
shaft height.
16. Bearings .
17. letter code
18. Design Letter
19. service factor - A motor designs to operate at its nameplate power rating has a
service factor of 1.0. this many that the motor can operate at 100% of its pated
power

Conclusion:Thus the nameplate of AC & DC machine were studied.