Here’s a detailed approach to the design and implementation of a Book-Organizing Module

for a Library Management System in C, as per the assignment specifications.

Step 1: Define the Book Structure

A structure is used to represent each book record, which includes relevant fields like ISBN,
title, author, and publisher.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_BOOKS 100

#define FILENAME "library_data.txt"

typedef struct {
char isbn[13];
char title[50];
char author[50];
char publisher[50];
} Book;

Step 2: Function Prototypes

The function prototypes for the operations required are defined here.

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void addBook(Book books[], int *count);
void displayBooks(const Book books[], int count);
int searchBookByISBN(const Book books[], int count, const char
*isbn);
void updateBook(Book books[], int count, const char *isbn);
void deleteBook(Book books[], int *count, const char *isbn);
void saveToFile(const Book books[], int count, const char
*filename);
void loadFromFile(Book books[], int *count, const char *filename);
void menu();

Step 3: Implementing the Functions

1. Adding a New Book

This function takes the book details from the user and adds it to the array.

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void addBook(Book books[], int *count) {
if (*count < MAX_BOOKS) {
printf("Enter ISBN: ");
scanf("%s", books[*count].isbn);
printf("Enter Title: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[*count].title);
printf("Enter Author: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[*count].author);
printf("Enter Publisher: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[*count].publisher);
(*count)++;
printf("Book added successfully.\n");
} else {
printf("Library is full, cannot add more books.\n");
}
}

2. Displaying All Books

This function displays the details of all books.

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void displayBooks(const Book books[], int count) {
printf("\nBook Records:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("ISBN: %s\nTitle: %s\nAuthor: %s\nPublisher: %s\n\n",
books[i].isbn, books[i].title, books[i].author,
books[i].publisher);
}
}

3. Searching for a Book by ISBN

This function searches for a book by its ISBN and returns the index if found, or -1 if not.

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int searchBookByISBN(const Book books[], int count, const char
*isbn) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (strcmp(books[i].isbn, isbn) == 0) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}

4. Updating a Book Record

This function allows updating a book’s details.

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void updateBook(Book books[], int count, const char *isbn) {
int index = searchBookByISBN(books, count, isbn);
if (index != -1) {
printf("Enter new title: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[index].title);
printf("Enter new author: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[index].author);
printf("Enter new publisher: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", books[index].publisher);
printf("Book updated successfully.\n");
} else {
printf("Book not found.\n");
}
}

5. Deleting a Book Record

This function deletes a book by shifting the array elements.

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void deleteBook(Book books[], int *count, const char *isbn) {
int index = searchBookByISBN(books, *count, isbn);
if (index != -1) {
for (int i = index; i < *count - 1; i++) {
books[i] = books[i + 1];
 }
(*count)--;
printf("Book deleted successfully.\n");
} else {
printf("Book not found.\n");
}
}

6. Saving to a File

This function writes all book records to a file.

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void saveToFile(const Book books[], int count, const char *filename)
{
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "w");
if (file) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
fprintf(file, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
books[i].isbn, books[i].title, books[i].author,
books[i].publisher);
}
fclose(file);
printf("Data saved to file.\n");
} else {
printf("Error opening file.\n");
}
}

7. Loading from a File

This function reads all book records from a file.

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void loadFromFile(Book books[], int *count, const char *filename) {
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "r");
if (file) {
*count = 0;
while (fscanf(file, "%s\n%[^\n]\n%[^\n]\n%[^\n]\n",
 books[*count].isbn, books[*count].title,
books[*count].author, books[*count].publisher) != EOF) {
(*count)++;
}
fclose(file);
printf("Data loaded from file.\n");
} else {
printf("Error opening file.\n");
}
}

Step 4: Menu Function

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void menu() {
Book books[MAX_BOOKS];
int count = 0;
int choice;
char isbn[13];
loadFromFile(books, &count, FILENAME);

do {
printf("\nLibrary Management System\n");
printf("1. Add Book\n2. Display Books\n3. Search Book by
ISBN\n");
printf("4. Update Book\n5. Delete Book\n6. Save to File\n7.
Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1: addBook(books, &count); break;
case 2: displayBooks(books, count); break;
case 3:
printf("Enter ISBN to search: ");
scanf("%s", isbn);
int index = searchBookByISBN(books, count, isbn);
if (index != -1) {
printf("Book found:\nISBN: %s\nTitle:
%s\nAuthor: %s\nPublisher: %s\n",
 books[index].isbn, books[index].title,
books[index].author, books[index].publisher);
} else {
printf("Book not found.\n");
}
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter ISBN to update: ");
scanf("%s", isbn);
updateBook(books, count, isbn);
break;
case 5:
printf("Enter ISBN to delete: ");
scanf("%s", isbn);
deleteBook(books, &count, isbn);
break;
case 6: saveToFile(books, count, FILENAME); break;
case 7: printf("Exiting the program.\n"); break;
default: printf("Invalid choice.\n");
}
} while (choice != 7);
}

Step 5: Main Function

This function starts the program by calling menu().

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int main() {
menu();
return 0;
}

Sample Execution

1. Adding a Book
○ Enter ISBN: 1234567890123
○ Enter Title: C Programming
○ Enter Author: Dennis Ritchie
○ Enter Publisher: PHI
Displaying Books
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ISBN: 1234567890123
Title: C Programming
Author: Dennis Ritchie
Publisher: PHI

2.
3. Saving to File and Loading from File ensures data persistence between sessions.

Explanation and Notes

● Modular Approach: Each function has a specific responsibility, making it easy to

maintain.
● Error Handling: Each function provides feedback to handle invalid inputs and file
operations.
● Menu Navigation: User-friendly menu for interaction.

This structure ensures effective management of book records within a library system.