Progressive Education Society’s

MODERN COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE (Autonomous)

Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 016
(Permanently affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)

Department of Biotechnology
(DBT-BUILDER, DST-FIST Sponsored Department)

Subject: ______________________________________________ Subject Code: ______________

Name : _________________________________________
Date
Class : _________________________________________
Roll No. : _____________________ Batch : _________
Remarks
Exp. No. : _________________________________________
Title : _________________________________________ Signature
_________________________________________ of Teacher

Aim : Scientific presentation (writing or constructing Research proposal) from the provided
experimental study.

Research proposal:
A research proposal is a highly structured document that describes your study's topic and
explains how you plan to investigate a specific inquiry. It typically provides an in-depth
analysis of the theories that support your hypothesis, which is a projected answer to this
inquiry.
Components of Research proposal:

1. Origin of proposal: The origin of a proposal refers to the source or the beginning of
the idea or plan that is being proposed. It can refer to the person, group, or
organization that first came up with the proposal, or it can refer to the circumstances
or events that led to the development of the proposal.
2. Research question: A research question is "a question that a research project sets out
to answer". Choosing a research question is an essential element of both quantitative
and qualitative research. Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and
the methodology for this will vary widely.
3. Hypothesis: A hypothesis can be defined as a tentative prediction or explanation of
the relationship between two or more variables. In other words, the hypothesis
translates the problem statement into a precise, unambiguous prediction of expected
outcomes.
4. Concept note: A concept note is a brief outline of the project you have in your mind.
A simple version of it will include an introduction, a background, proposed objectives
and results and a budget overview. A concept note is perhaps the shortest expression
of a project idea given on paper to a donor. It is generally used to first propose a
project to a donor before submitting a full application. Concept notes are typically
between one and four pages long and summarize the key points of the proposed
project. Ideally, it should not be more than 2-3 pages unless the donor agency has
specific requirements.
5. Summary: The project summary is a brief document that consists of an overview, and
discusses the intellectual merits, and broader impacts of the research project. Each of
these three sections is required to be present and must be clearly defined. The project
summary is one of the most important parts of the proposal. You should include a
brief overview of the general area of study within which your proposed research falls,
summarising the current state of knowledge and recent debates on the topic.
6. Experimental design: Experimental design means planning a set of procedures to
investigate a relationship between variables. To design a controlled experiment, you
need: A testable hypothesis. At least one independent variable that can be precisely
manipulated. Experimental design is the process of carrying out research in an
objective and controlled fashion so that precision is maximized and specific
conclusions can be drawn regarding a hypothesis statement. Statistical analysis is an
important tool in experimental research and is essential for the reliable interpretation
of experimental results.
7. Literature review: A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often
used in dissertations, theses, and research papers. Literature reviews give an overview
of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as
well as gaps in existing research. To write a literature review you need to Identify key
definitions and variables already established in the literature. Critically analyse the
limitations and difficulties in previous studies. Identify research opportunities in the
field. Justify your research question.
 8. Dissemination of results: Effective dissemination is simply about getting the
findings of your research to the people who can make use of them, to maximize the
benefit of the research without delay.

This can be done in various forms:

Oral: This can be in the form of presentation in Symposia, Conference, Street play etc.

Written: This can be in form of Theses, journal publication or published in conference

proceedings.

IPR, patent: Technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a
patent application.

9. References/Bibliography/Citations: In Works Cited and References, you only list

items you have actually referred to and cited in your paper. A reference is a detailed
description of the source of information that you want to give credit to via a citation.
The references in research papers are usually in the form of a list at the end of the
paper. The essential difference between citations and references is that citations lead a
reader to the source of information, while references provide the reader with detailed
information regarding that particular source.

The basic format for a book citation requires listing the author's name, the title of the book,
the publisher's name, and the date of publication. A citation appears in the main text of the
paper. It is a way of giving credit to the information that you have specifically mentioned in
your research paper by leading the reader to the original source of information. You will need
to use citation in research papers whenever you are using information to elaborate a particular
concept in the paper, either in the introduction or discussion sections or as a way to support
your research findings in the results section.

A Bibliography, meanwhile, lists all the material you have consulted in preparing your essay,
whether you have actually referred to and cited the work or not. A bibliography in research
paper is a list of sources that appears at the end of a research paper or an article, and contains
information that may or may not be directly mentioned in the research paper. The difference
between reference and bibliography in research is that an individual source in the list of
references can be linked to an in-text citation, while an individual source in the bibliography
may not necessarily be linked to an in-text citation.
 10. Budgetary requirements: Budget is the skeleton of your grant proposal. It provides
the estimated finance your research needs to be completed in a particular time range.
It also gives the funders an exact knowledge about where their funds will be used and
how will they be financed. It is your responsibility to postulate clearly how you will
manage the funds if granted. An excellent budget plan will compel your funders to
assume that you have thought about every financial detail concerning your project.
11. Planning your Budget: Your budget planning starts when you find the research
question and decide on a suitable study design. You should also be able to guess the
unpredictable charges that can arise while conducting your research. There are five
main points to keep in mind while planning your research budget:
I. Pin-point the Budget Essentials
Think about all the things that will affect your research budget. These are mainly the study
design, testing procedures, sample collection methods, and research settings. The more
complicated and unique these essentials will be, the higher will be your budget requirements.
Also, observe the already present resources and will they benefit your research budget.

II. Follow the Instructions of the Funding Agency

The next point to consider while planning your budget is to abide by the budget rules and
limitations of your particular funding agency. Read each instruction carefully and remember
not to deviate from it. It is expected of you to provide the exact list of items necessary for
your project.

III. Categorization of Each Item

Thirdly, a breakdown of each item into its related category should be made along with its
cost. A breakdown of the budget item-wise and year-wise with cost calculation should be
done. Point out the recurring and nonrecurring items that are directly related to your research.
All this planning is done beforehand to ensure proper budget management.

IV. Justification of Each Item

For every enlisted item, you should be able to provide a solid justification for its importance
in your research. Only a well-justified budget document can win the confidence of the peer
reviewers.
The budget should list all cost details for the year or another appropriate period of time. It
should include any applicable salaries & wages, fringe benefits, services, supplies,
equipment, publications, travel, other direct expenses, and any facility and administrative
costs.

V. Direct Costs

These are the expenses that are utilized solely for executing your research. For example,
expenses on your research staff members, tools, materials, and travel finance.

a. Fringe Benefits: These are the additional benefits provided to the personnel, along
with their basic salaries. Every institution has its own set of fringe benefits rates.
b. Research Consortium: It is a group of institutions that apply for a grant together as
one. They have reached a grant agreement, and one of the institutions represents them
all. The budget is divided between them.
c. Students JRF, SRF: Research grants of CSIR are intended mainly to supplement the
research facilities available with the sponsoring institutions. Funds provided are for
one or more Junior Research Fellows (JRF), Senior Research Fellows (SRF) and
Research Associates (RA), contingencies and equipment. Usually, the amounts
sanctioned for equipment are small. No graded posts are sanctioned nor are funds
provided for other kinds of expenditure.
d. Travel finance: A project may require travel costs to allow you to carry out field work,
attend a conference, present findings for dissemination purposes, meet co-
investigators working on the project.
e. Equipment: budget required for the tools and materials used in research including all
the glassware, chemicals, instruments.
f. Contingency: includes urgent and general needs i.e. paper glue, staples, speed post,
xerox etc.
g. Facilities & Administrative Costs (Indirect Costs)
These are the overhead charges reserved for institutional facilities that you avail yourself
while conducting your research. For example, institutional laboratory (Labs that provide
instrument), overhead charges (10% of total budget), electricity, and water usage costs.

Following is the example of research proposal:

Conclusion:

A research proposal is a crucial document that outlines the significance of a project to

potential funding agencies. It demonstrates the project's quality, importance, and ability to
conduct the research. It also allows for reflection, refinement, and prediction of potential
challenges. The proposal serves as a roadmap for the project's progress and helps in securing
funding. The main goal is to convince funding agencies to use their budget and fund the
project. Funders and supervisors evaluate proposals based on novelty, originality, skills,
potential impact, and success likelihood. Good proposals present complex information in a
structured, easy-to-read manner, using concise language and realistic project timelines and
resources.