JEE [1]

CONTENTS
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................ [2]
2. Object Moving on Curved Path.............................................................................................................. [2]
2.1 Tangential Acceleration................................................................................................................... [2]
2.2 Radial Acceleration.......................................................................................................................... [2]
3. Circular Motion ..................................................................................................................................... [3]
3.1 Uniform Circular Motion ................................................................................................................ [2]
4. Curved Motion as approximation of circular motion ............................................................................ [4]
5. Angular variables................................................................................................................................... [5]
5.1 Angular Displacement...................................................................................................................... [5]
5.2 Angular velocity............................................................................................................................... [5]
5.3 Average Angular Acceleration......................................................................................................... [6]
5.4 Instantaneous Angular Acceleration................................................................................................ [6]
6. Equations of motion in angular form .................................................................................................... [6]
7. Relation between linear and angular variables ..................................................................................... [8]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE1 ............................................................................................................. [9]
8. Dynamics of circular Motion ................................................................................................................ [14]
8.1 Uniform Circular Motion .................................................................................................................[14]
8.2 Non-Uniform Circular Motion.......................................................................................................... [14]
9. Banking of tracks.................................................................................................................................... [18]
9.1 Smooth banked track ........................................................................................................................ [18]
9.2 Rough banked track.......................................................................................................................... [19]
9.2.1 For maximum speed....................................................................................................................... [19]
9.2.2 For minimum speed...................................................................................................................... [19]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE2.............................................................................................................. [21]
Exercise-1 [Type1] …………………………………………………………………………………. [30]
Exercise-1 [Type2] …………………………………………………………………………………. [36]
Exercise-2 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [38]
Exercise-3 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [42]
Solution………………………………………………………………………………………………[4674]

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JEE [2]

CIRCULAR MOTION
1. Introduction
Circular motion is the type of motion in which a particle moves keeping its separation constant from a
fixed point. Various examples of such motions are: motion of particles of a ceiling fan or needles of a wall
clock. In this chapter we will discuss about the motion of particles on such circular paths as well as other
curved paths, along with dynamics of their motions.
2. Object Moving on Curved Path
When the directions of instantaneous acceleration of the particle and direction of its instantaneous velocity
lie along same line, the particle follows straight line path. In all other circumstances the particle follows
curved path. To analyze motion of such particles moving on curved paths, the acceleration vector of the
particle is resolved in the direction of velocity (tangential acceleration) and perpendicular to direction of
velocity (radial or centripetal acceleration) as shown in following diagram:

 ar= a sin
a

at= a cos

v

If tangential and radial components of velocities are ar and at, the magnitude of acceleration a is:
a  at 2  ar 2

The dimensional formula and SI unit of tangential and radial accelerations are same as that of acceleration.
2.1 Tangential Acceleration: The component of acceleration (at) in the direction of velocity at any
instant is called its tangential acceleration. In other words, the tangential component of
acceleration of a particle is that component of acceleration which lies along tangent to the path
followed by the particle at that moment. Tangential acceleration of the particle is responsible for

change in magnitude of the velocity vector at any instant. If is the angle between acceleration a

and velocity v for a particle, then

 dv
at  a cos 
dt
2.2 Radial Acceleration: The component of acceleration (ar) perpendicular to instantaneous velocity
of the particle is called its normal acceleration. The normal acceleration changes the direction of
velocity vector only.

at  a sin 

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JEE [3]

3. Circular Motion
Circular motion is a specific kind of curved motion. If a particle moves in a circle with constant speed, the
motion is called uniform circular motion; otherwise the motion is non-uniform circular motion.
3.1 Uniform Circular Motion: In such kind of motion, since the speed remains constant, tangential
acceleration of the particle (rate of change of speed) remains zero. Consider one such kind of
circular motion in which particle moves with speed v in a circle of radius r. To find radial
acceleration of a particle we will consider a time t in which particle travels a length vt and
v t
hence covers angle about centre of the given circle. This is shown in following diagram:
r

 
v  v


v
  
 v  v v
 v 
R

From diagram we may conclude,

 
v v tan   

t t
Considering the time interval t to be small,
v  d 
ar 
dt
v  ds 
ar   
dt  R 
v2
ar 
R
Since this acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity therefore it is called normal acceleration. It
is also called centripetal acceleration because it is always directed towards the centre of the circle.
Example 1: A stone, tied to the end of a string 80cm long, is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
speed. If the stone makes 5 revolutions in 10s, what is the magnitude and direction of acceleration
of the stone?
Solution: Here speed v of the particle is given by,
5  2 80cm 
v  2.5m/s
10s
Acceleration of the particle under such uniform circular motion is given by:
v 2  2.5m/s 
a=   7.8m/s2 (Towards centre)
R 0.8m
Now Solve: By what factor will this acceleration change if the same number of revolutions is completed in half
the given time?

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JEE [4]

Answer: Four times

Example 2: A particle moves in a circle of radius 20 cm. Its linear speed is given by v  2t , where tis in second
and v is in m/s. Find the radial and tangential accelerations at t = 3 s.
Solution: Tangential acceleration atis:

dv
at   2m/s 2
dt

After 3s, speed of the particle is 6m/s. Hence radial acceleration ar is:

v 2  6m/s 
2

ar    180m/s 2
r  0.2m 

Now Solve: Find the angle between acceleration vector of the particle and the velocity vector of the particle.

 1 
Answer: tan 1  
 90 

Example 3: The Moon is approximately 3.824 x 105 km from the centre of the Earth and requires 27.3 days for
each revolution around it. What is the radial acceleration of the Moon?

Solution: Here radius of the circular motion of earth around sun is r  3.824 108 m

And the time Period T  27.3days  27.386400s   2.358 106 s

The centripetal acceleration of the earth is given by:

 
v 2  4 2 r 2   1   39.48  3.824  108  m/s 2 = 0.0027 m/s2
ac    2    2  
r  T  r   2.358 10  
 6

Now Solve: If velocity of moon somehow becomes zero relative to earth, with what acceleration will Moon
start to move after it is released from rest?
Answer: 0.0027m/s2

4. Curved Motion as approximation of circular motion

A curve at a point can be considered as a part of a circle in same plane as that of the curve. The radius of
circle which best fits the curve at that point is called radius of curvature of the curve at that point. The
small portion of a curve around a particular point can be assumed as the part of a circle. A particle passing
through such a curve can be considered to perform circular motion with radius equal to radius of curvature
of the curve at that point.

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JEE [5]

5. Angular variables
For quantification of angle covered by a particle about a point, we define following physical quantities:
5.1 Angular Displacement: A particle which moves from point A to point B, then angular
displacement of the particle about another point O is the angle measured from ray OA to ray OB.
The SI unit for its measurement is radian (rad).

A B



O
For a particle moving in a circle of radius r which covers a distance dl in time dt, the angular
displacement is:

r
dl
d

dl
d 
r
This infinitesimal angular displacement is a vector quantity with its direction perpendicular to
plane of the circle. The direction is determined by curling our right hand four fingers in the sense
of circular motion and then observing the direction of opening of thumb of the same hand. In other
words, for clockwise rotation the direction of angular displacement is going in to the plane of the
paper  while for counter clockwise rotation it is coming out of the plane of the paper . Hence
in terms of vectors,
 
 r  dl
d   2
r

5.2 Angular velocity: Angular velocity of a particle about a point O is defined as the rate at which
angular displacement is covered by the particle about point O. It is measured in SI unit of rad/s.
 
The direction of angular velocity  is same as that of the infinitesimal angular displacement d .
Mathematically,

 d

dt

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5.3 Average Angular Acceleration: Average angular acceleration of the object is defined as the
change in angular velocity divided by the time interval during which the change in angular
velocity occurred

 

t
5.4 Instantaneous Angular Acceleration: The average acceleration in an infinitesimally small time
interval is called instantaneous angular acceleration.
 
  d 
  lim 
t 0 t dt
Angular acceleration is a vector quantity directed in the direction of the change in angular velocity.
The SI unit of angular acceleration is rad/s2.

6. Equations of motion in angular form

The three equations of motion developed for linear motion can be modified for angular variables of motion
as:

 f  i   t
  i t  1 2  t 2
 f 2  i 2  2

Here the symbols have usual meaning with subscript i and f representing initial and final variables. These
equations are valid only for motion of the particle with constant angular accelerations. In other cases,
required integration or differentiation is to be performed to obtain equation of motion.
Example 4: The blades of airplane propeller are rotating at the rate of 600 rpm. Calculate the angular velocity
in rad/s.
Solution: Here rpm stands for revolutions per minute. Thus angular velocity  is given as:
  600rpm 10rps  10  2  rad/s  20 rad/s
Now Solve: If rpm is considered SI unit of angular velocity, what will be SI unit of angular acceleration?
Answer: rev/min2
Example 5: A particle is moving with constant speed in a circle as shown in figure. Find the angular velocity
of the particle A with respect to fixed point B and C if angular velocity with respect to O is .

r 
B r A
C O

Solution: Angular velocity of A with respect to O is

AO 
 vA, O   v  
rAO r

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Therefore, the angular velocity of the particle A about point B is given by:

AB 
 vA, B   v  
rAB 2r 2

AC 
v 
A, C 

v 

and
rAC 3r 3
Now Solve: In the same example, find the angular velocity of the particle about point D in following diagram:
D

r A
O


Answer:
2
Example 6: A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. If the wheel starts from rest,
how many revolutions will it make in the first 10 seconds?
Solution: The angular displacement in the first 10 seconds is given by

  0t   t 2   2.0rad/s2  10s   100rad

1 1 2

2 2
As the wheel turns by 2 radian in each revolution, the number of revolutions in 10 s is
100
n  16
2
Now Solve: What is the angular velocity of the wheel after completing 2 revolutions?
Answer: 4  rad/s
Example 7: A particle is performing uniform circular motion on a circular path of radius r with constant
angular velocity . Prove that its acceleration is always towards the centre and it has value  2 r .
Solution: Consider the particle to be moving on the following circular path starting with  = 0:


r


Position vector of the particle is given by:


r  r cos iˆ  r sin  ˆj …(i)
Now since particle covers the circle with constant angular velocity , the angle  rotated in time t
will be t. Thus the position vector can now be written as:

r  r cos  t iˆ  r sin t ˆj
To obtain velocity and acceleration, differentiation is to be performed as:

 d r d  r cos t  d  r sin t 
v  iˆ  ˆj
dt dt dt

 v  r sin t  iˆ  r cos t  ˆj

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JEE [8]

 dv d  r sin t  d  r cos t 
a  iˆ  ˆj
dt dt dt

 a  r 2 cos t  iˆ  r 2 sin t  ˆj
Now it can be observed using equation (i) that,
 
a   2 r
Thus the acceleration for a particle moving in a circle, acceleration has a magnitude  2 r while it is
directed opposite to position of the particle relative to origin.
Now Solve: In this example, let angular velocity be increasing at constant rate of . Show that there will be an
extra term for acceleration of the particle from the result derived above. What is the direction of
this extra term in the final acceleration vector?

Answer: This extra term will have magnitude r and will be directed towards velocity of the particle.

7. Relation between linear and angular variables

For a particle moving in a circle of radius r, consider a time interval dtin which it covers a distance dl. The
angle covered by particle about centre of the circle is
dl
d  …(i)
r
Dividing both sides by time dt, we get
d 1 dl v
   …(ii)
dt r dt r
Now differentiating both sides with respect to time, we get
d 1 dv a
  t …(iii)
dt r dt r
Here  and atrepresents angular acceleration and tangential acceleration for the particle. The equations
(i), (ii) and (iii) represent relation between angular and linear variables of circular motion.
Example 8: The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle of radius 50 cm is increased in 5 minutes from
100 rpm to 400 rpm. Find: (i) Angular acceleration (b) tangential acceleration.
Solution: (i) Angular acceleration can be determined by finding the rate of change of angular velocity.
Thus,
  0 2  v  v0  2  400 / 60  100 / 60  
   rad/s2  rad/s2
t t 5  60 30
(ii) Tangential acceleration is given by:
aT   R

   
 aT   0.50m   rad/s2     m/s2
 30   60 
Now Solve: By what amount, has the radial acceleration of the particle changed during these 5 minutes?
Answer: 821.9m/s2

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JEE [9]

INCHAPTER EXERCISE  1
1. For uniform circular motion, does the direction of centripetal acceleration depends upon the sense of
rotation?
2. A particle moves in a circle of radius 2.0 cm at a speed given by v  4t , where v is in cm/s and t in
seconds.
(i) Find the tangential acceleration at t  1s.
(ii) Find total acceleration at t  1s.
3. A car is travelling along a circular curve that has a radius of 6 m. If its speed is 6 m/s and is increasing
uniformly at 8 m/s2, determine the magnitude of its acceleration at this instant.
4. Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons, if it is true or false.
(i) The net acceleration of a particle in the circular motion is always along the radius of the circle
towards the centre.
(ii) The velocity vector of a particle at a point is always along the tangent to the path of the particle at
that point.
(iii) The acceleration vector of a particle in uniform circular motion averaged over one cycle is a null
vector.
5. What is the angular velocity in rad/s of the hour, minute and second hands of a clock?
6. An automobile makes a U-turn in 3 second. What is the average angular velocity of this automobile?
7. The minute hand of a large clock is 0.5 m long. (a) What is the linear speed of its tip in m/s? (b) What is
the centripetal acceleration of its tip?
8. The wheel of an automobile is rotating with 4 rotations per second. Find its angular velocity. If the radius
of the wheel is 50 cm, find the linear velocity of a point on its circumference.
9. Calculate the linear velocity and acceleration at a point on the equator of the Earth due to its rotation about
its own axis. Radius of the Earth = 6400 km.
10. A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant speed. If the
stone makes 14 revolutions in 25 s, what is the magnitude and direction of acceleration of the stone?
11. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of radius 1 km with a steady speed of 900 km/h. Compare its
centripetal acceleration with the acceleration due to gravity.
12. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of a particle moving in a circle of radius 10 cm with uniform speed
completing the circle in 4s.
13. A disc of radius 10 cm is rotating about its axis at an angular speed of 20 rad/s. Find the linear speed of
(a) a point on the rim
(b) the middle point of a radius.
14. A particle is projected with a speed u at an angle  with the horizontal. What is the radius of curvature of

the parabola traced out by the projectile at a point, where the particle velocity makes an angle with the
2
horizontal?
15. Particles A and B move with constant and equal angular speeds in a circle about O as shown in figure. Find
the angular velocity of the particle A with respect to B.
v

B O A
r

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JEE [10]

16. Find the angular velocity of A with respect to O at the instant shown in figure.
d v
A
d

O(fixed)

 
17. Two particles 1 and 2 move with velocities v1 and v 2 making the angles 1 and  2 with the line joining
them, respectively. Find angular velocity of 2 relative to 1, taking separation between the particles to be  .
v2 2
2

1 v1
1
18. The wheel of a motor, accelerated uniformly from rest, rotates through 2.5 radian during the first second.
Find the angle rotated during the next second.
19. Wheel is making revolutions about its axis with uniform angular acceleration. Starting from rest, it reaches
100 rev/sec in 4 seconds. Find the angular acceleration. Find the angle rotated during these four seconds.
20. A wheel rotating with uniform angular acceleration covers 50 revolutions in the first five seconds after the
start. Find the angular acceleration and the angular velocity at the end of five seconds.
21. A wheel starting from rest is uniformly accelerated at 4 rad/s 2 for 10 seconds. It is allowed to rotate
uniformly for the next 10 seconds and is finally brought to rest in the next 10 seconds. Find the total angle
rotated by the wheel.
22. A body rotates about a fixed axis with an angular acceleration of one rad/s 2. Through what angle does it
rotate during the time in which its angular velocity increases from 5 rad/s to 15 rad/s.
23. Find the angular velocity of a body rotating with an acceleration of 2 rev/s2 as it completes the 5th
revolution after the start.
24. A particle travels in a circle of radius 20 cm at a speed that uniformly increases. If the speed changes from
5.0 ms–1 to 6.0 ms–1 in 2.0s, find the angular acceleration.
25. A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m and at height 2.0 m above level ground. The
string breaks, and the stone flies off horizontally and strikes the ground after travelling a horizontal
distance of 10 m. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the stone while in circular
motion?

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26. A point moves along the arc of a circle of radius r. Its velocity (v) depends upon the distance (s) as
v   s , where  is a constant. Find the resultant acceleration and angle  between acceleration vector
and velocity vector as a function of s.
27. A particle at the edge of a rotating disc speeds up at a uniform angular acceleration. If the radius of the
disc is R, find the angular distance covered by the particle till its acquires a total acceleration a0 .
28. In the given diagrams, find out angular velocity of ‘A’ with respect to ‘B’.

v v

B A B A
r r

2r 2r
v 2v
(i) (ii)

29. A particle is moving on a circular path of radius ‘r’ such that is speed varies as v  kt 2 . Find out the time
(a) When acceleration vector is parallel to velocity vector
(b) When acceleration vector is perpendicular to velocity vector

(c) When acceleration vector and velocity vector are at an angle of 45.
30. A stone is projected from a level ground at t  0 sec such that is horizontal and vertical components of
initial velocity are 10 m/s and 20 m/s respectively. Then what will be the instant of time at which
magnitude of tangential and magnitude of normal components of acceleration of stone are same? (neglect
resistance) g = 10 m/s2.
31. A particle is moving with constant speed in a circle as shown in figure. Find the angular velocity of the
particle A with respect to fixed point B and C if angular velocity with respect to O is .
v
r
B r A
C O

32. A particle in a circular path speeds up starting from rest with a uniform rate between two diametrically
opposite points of a circle of radius R. If its time of motion between these two points is equal to T, find the
acceleration of the particle averaged over the time T.
33. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km/hr. As he approaches a circular turn on the road of radius 80 m.
He applies brakes and reduces his speed at the constant rate of 0.5 m/s every second. What is the
magnitude of the net acceleration of the cyclist?
34. The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle relative to the center of the circle is equal to . Find
the angular velocity of the particle relative to a point on the circular path.

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35. Two satellites 1 and 2 orbiting with the time periods T1 and T2 , respectively, lie on the same line as shown
in figure. After what minimum time, again the satellites will remain on the same line? Assume that the two
satellites should lie in same side of the center of their concentric circular paths.

2
1

36. If angular displacement of a particle moving in a circular path of radius ‘r’ is given as   t 2  t 3 ,
(i) Find time when the particle turns back.
(ii) Find out the angular displacement when the particle turns back.
37. A car initially traveling eastwards turns north by traveling a quarter circular path of radius R meters at a
uniform speed. The car completes the turn in T seconds. Find out the magnitude of car’s average
acceleration during T seconds.
38. Two racing cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in circles of radii r1 and r2 respectively. Their speeds
are such that each makes a complete circle in the same duration of time t . The ratio of the angular speed
of the first to the second car is
(A) m1 : m2 (B) r1 : r2 (C) 1 : 1 (D) m1r1 : m2 r2

39. The ratio of angular speeds of minute hand and hour hand of a watch is
(A) 1 : 12 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 12 : 1 (D) 1 : 6
40. The angular speed of a fly wheel making 120 revolutions/minute is
(A) 2 rad / s (B) 4 2 rad / s (C)  rad / s (D) 4 rad / s

41. Certain neutron stars are believed to be rotating at about 1rev / s . If such a star has a radius of 20 km, the
acceleration of an object on the equator of the star will be
(A) 20 108 m / s2 (B) 8 105 m / s2 (C) 120 105 m / s2 (D) 4 108 m / s2

42. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan is rotating at
1200 r.p.m. The acceleration of a point on the tip of the blade is about
(A) 1600 m / s2 (B) 4740 m / s2 (C) 2370 m / s2 (D) 5055 m / s2
 
43. What is the value of linear velocity, if   3iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ and r  5iˆ  6 ˆj  6kˆ
(A) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ (B) 18iˆ  13 ˆj  2kˆ (C) 4iˆ  13 ˆj  6kˆ (D) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  8kˆ
44. In uniform circular motion, the velocity vector and acceleration vector are
(A) Perpendicular to each other (B) Same direction
(C) Opposite direction (D) Not related to each other
45. A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about its axis. Initially its angular velocity is zero. In
the first 2s, it rotates through an angle 1 . In the next 2s, it rotates through an additional angle  2 . The ratio
2
of is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

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JEE [13]

46. The angle turned by a body undergoing circular motion depends on time as   0  1t  2t 2 . Then the
angular acceleration of the body is
(A) 1 (B)  2 (C) 21 (D) 2 2
47. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration
ac is varying with time t as, ac  k 2 rt 2 , The power delivered to the particle by the forces acting on it is
mk 4 r 2t 5
(A) 2 mk 2 r 2t (B) mk 2 r 2t (C) (D) Zero
3

ANSWER KEY

1. No s2 1
 ,   tan  2s / r 
1
2. (i) 4cm/s2 , (ii) 4 5 cm/s2 26. 2
r2 4
3. 10 m/s2 a02  R 2 2
4. (i) True, (ii) True, (iii) True 27. 
2 R
5. (i)  / 21,600  rad/s, (ii)  /1800  rad/s, 2v
28.  , v
(iii)  / 30  rad/s 3r r
1/ 3
6. av   3 rad/s 29. (a) t  0
 2r 
(b) never (c) t   
 k 
7. (a)  / 36  102 m/s,
30. t  1 second.
(b)  2 / 648 104 m/s2  
31. ,
8. 8 rad/s, 4  m/s 2 3
9. 465m/s; 0.034m/s2 2 R
32. aav 
10. 9.9 m/s2 T2
11. ac  6.4 g 33. 0.86 m/s2

12. 25 cms–2 34.
2
13. 2 m/s, 1 m/s
T1T2
14. u 2 cos 2  35. T'
T1  T2
 
g cos3  
2 2 4
36. (a) t  s , (B)   rad
15.  3 27
v R
16. 37. m/s 2
2d 2T 2
v1 sin 1  v2 sin  2 38. (C)
17. 12  39. (C)
l
40. (D)
18. 7.5rad
41. (B)
19. 25 rev/s2, 400  rad 42. (B)
20. 4 rev/s2, 20 rev/s 43. (B)
21. 800 rad 44. (A)
22. 100 rad 45. (C)
23. 2 5 rev/s 2 5 46. (D)
24. 2.5 rads2 47. (B)
25. 163m/s2

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JEE [14]
8. Dynamics of circular Motion
When a body moves along a circular path with uniform speed, its direction changes continuously i.e.
velocity keeps on changing on account of a change in direction. According to Newton's second law of
motion, a change in the direction of motion of the body can take place only if some external force acts on
the body. Following are few examples of circular motions along with the agents applying force towards the
centre:
Table: Centripetal force in different situation

Situation Centripetal Force

A particle tied to a string and whirled in a Tension in the string
horizontal circle
Vehicle taking a turn on a level road Frictional force exerted by the road on wheels
Revolution of earth around the sun Gravitational force exerted by the sun
Electron revolving around the nucleus in an atom Coulomb attraction exerted by the protons in the nucleus
A charged particle describing a circular path in a Magnetic force exerted by the agent that sets up the
magnetic field magnetic field

8.1 Uniform Circular Motion: Since tangential acceleration of a particle remains zero in uniform
circular motion, the component of force acting on the particle in the direction of velocity of the
particle will be zero. The force acting on a particle of mass m moving in a circular motion of radius r
with constant speed v is:
 v2 
F  m 
 r 
Such force acts towards the centre and hence is called centripetal force. This is to be noted that this is
just name of component of net force acting towards the centre of circular motion applied by other
agents. Thus this centripetal force needs not to be represented in free body diagram of a body in
circular motion.
8.2 Non-Uniform Circular Motion: In non uniform circular motion, radial as well as tangential
acceleration is also present. Thus force acting on particle under such motion has components along
velocity as well as perpendicular to velocity. These components are given by:
 v2 
F  m  
 r 
dv
F  m
dt
Example 9: A string can withstand a tension of 25 N. What is the greatest speed at which a body of mass 0.5 kg
can be whirled in a circle using 0.5 m length of the string? Neglect the force of gravity on the body.
Solution: Let such maximum speed be v. Then the tension present in the string must be 25N. Using Newton’s
second law on the body,

25N 
 0.5kg  v 2
 0.5m 
0.5  25
 v m/s = 5 m/s
0.5
Now Solve: What modifications in the string should be done, if the same body is to be rotated with 10m/s?
Answer: Length of the string should be quadrupled.

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JEE [15]
Example 10: For a car of mass m moving on a bridge with speed v determine the normal force acting on the car in
each of the following cases:
v
(ii)
(i) 
v


Concave bridge Convex bridge

Solution: (i) When car moves on a concave bridge then the corresponding free body diagram is as shown:
N

v mg cos

Concave bridge mg
mg sin

Now using Newton’s laws along normal to the surface,

mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
Thus the Normal force is given by:

mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
(ii) When car moves on a convex bridge then the corresponding free body diagram is as shown:
v N

 mg cos
Convex bridge
mg

mg sin
Now using Newton’s laws along normal to the surface,
mv 2
mg cos  N 
r
Thus the Normal force is given by:
mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
Now Solve: In which of the above two cases, the car is more likely to lose contact with the surface? What should
be minimum speed of the car such that car loses contact at the topmost or bottommost point?
Answer: In second case with convex bridge. Minimum such required speed is rg .

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JEE [16]
Example 11: A particle of mass m is suspended from a string of length L and travels at a constant speed v in a
horizontal circle. The sting makes an angle  as shown in figure:

 L

r
m

Find the tension in the string and the angular speed of particle.
Solution: The two forces acting on the particle are that due to the earth's attraction mg acting vertically
downward and the tension T, which acts along the string.
T T cosθ

m
Tsin

mg

In this problem we known that the acceleration is horizontal, towards the centre of the circle, and of
magnitude  2 r thus the vertical tension must balance the weight mg. The horizontal component of
the tension is the resultant centripetal force is the resultant centripetal force. The vertical and
horizontal components of  F  ma, therefore gives

T cos  mg  0

T sin   m 2 r

The tension is found directly from the first equation since  is given. We can find the speed v in
terms of the known quantities r and  by diving one equation by the other to eliminates T.We
obtain

 2r
tan  
g

Now radius of the circular motion followed by the bob is LsinThus,

g
or 
L cos

Now Solve: Is it possible that the bob performs circular motion with negligible angular velocity? What is the
minimum possible angular velocity.
g
Answer: No;
L

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JEE [17]
Example 12: A bucket of water is whirled in a vertical circle of radius r. If its speed is v at the top of the circle,
find the force exerted on the water by the bucket. Find also minimum value of v for the water to
remain in the bucket.

Solution: The forces on the water at the top of the circle are shown in figure. They are the force of gravity mg
and force N exerted by the bucket. Both these forces act downward.

mg

The acceleration, which is toward the centre of the circle, is also downward at this point Newton's
second law gives.

mv 2
N  mg 
r
mv 2
The force exerted by the bucket is therefore,  mg  N
r
If we increase the speed the bottom of the bucket will exert a large force on the water to keep it
moving in a circle. If we decrease the speed, N will decrease. Since the bucket cannot exert an
upward force on the water, the minimum speed the water can have at the top of the circle occurs
when N  0. Then
2
mvmin
mg 
r

 vmin  rg

When the water is moving at this minimum speed, its acceleration at the top of the path is g. The
only force acting on the water is the gravitational attraction of the earth, i.e., weight mg.

Now Solve: If the same bucket is whirled inside an elevator accelerated upwards with acceleration a, what will
be the new answer to this example problem?

Answer: vmin  r  g  a 

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JEE [18]
9. Banking of tracks
If a vehicle moves in a circle on a horizontal rough track the required centripetal force is being provided by
the frictional force by the road.
N1 N2

fr

mg

Considering such situation, with vehicle of mass m moving with uniform speed v on a horizontal road having
radius r,
mv 2
Requirement of frictional force, f req 
r
Maximum frictional force, f max   N
For the car to negotiate the curve without skidding,
f req  f max

mv 2
 N
R
v   Rg
If the above condition is not fulfilled, the vehicle will skid away from centre of the circle. For the vehicles
to negotiate the curve, component of normal force can be used to provide the centripetal acceleration. This
is achieved by banking of roads.
9.1 Smooth banked track: Considering the road to be smooth (or rough but no friction is used by
vehicle), only component of force in the direction of centripetal acceleration is component of
Normal force.
N




mg

Thus using Newton’s laws,

N cos  mg
mv 2
N sin  
R
v  Rg tan 
At smooth banked track this is the exact velocity (neither les nor more than this) to be able to
negotiate the track. If the speed of the vehicle will be more than this derived value, the vehicle will
be thrown out of the track (away from the centre).

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JEE [19]
9.2 Rough banked track: Considering the road to be rough, the centripetal force is due to the
contribution of a component of friction as well as a component of Normal force.
9.2.1 For maximum speed: To find maximum speed of the vehicle with which it can negotiate
the curve, the frictional force will tend to pull the vehicle into the circular track as shown in
following diagram:
N




fr

mg

Under such situation, frictional force will be at its maximum. Thus,

Fr   N
Again using Newton’s laws,
N cos  Fr sin   mg
 N cos   N sin   mg
2
mvmax
N sin    N cos 
R
 sin    cos 
vmax  Rg  
 cos   sin  

9.2.2 For minimum speed: To find minimum speed of the vehicle with which it can negotiate the
curve, the frictional force will tend to push the vehicle away from the centre of the circular
track as shown in following diagram:

N


fr



mg

Under such situation, frictional force will be at its maximum but in opposite direction from
previous condition. Thus,
Fr   N
Again using Newton’s laws,
N cos  f r sin   mg
 N cos   N sin   mg
2
mvmax
N sin    N cos 
R

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JEE [20]

 sin    cos 
vmin  Rg  
 cos   sin  
Thus for a vehicle to take a safe turn (without skidding) on a road with a banking angle and co-
efficient of friction , while moving with speed v, then the given speed must be in range:

 sin    cos   sin    cos 

Rg    v  Rg  
 cos   sin    cos   sin  
Example 13: An inclined plane of angle  is fixed onto a horizontal turntable, with its line of greatest slope in same
plane as a diameter of turntable. A small block is placed on the inclined plane a distance r from the
axis of rotation of the turn-table and the coefficient of friction between the block and the inclined
plane is  . The turntable along with incline plane spins about its axis with constant angular velocity  .



Find an expression for the minimum angular velocity, c , to prevent the block from sliding
down
the plane, in terms of g , r ,  and the angle of the plane  .
Solution: (i) Net force along vertical axis is zero and along radial axis provides centripetal acceleration.
N
N

mg


Using Newton’s laws along these two directions,

 N sin   N cos  mg  0
N sin    N cos  m 2 r

 mg
 sin    cos   m 2 r
(  sin   cos  )

g  sin    cos  

r   sin   cos  

Now Solve: Now a block of same mass but having coefficient of friction (with inclined plane) 2 is kept
instead of the original block. Consider system to be still rotating with same angular velocity as
determined in previous part. Find the ratio of friction force acting between block and incline now to
the friction force acting in part (a).
Answer: 1.

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JEE [21]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE2

48. A scooter weighing 150 kg together with its rider moving at 36 km/hr is to take a turn of radius 30 m. What
horizontal force on the scooter is needed to make the turn possible?
49. An un-deformed spring of spring constant k has length  0 . When the system rotates at an angular velocity
 as shown in figure the weight with mass m causes an extension of the spring. The length of the rotating
spring is


0

50. A ceiling fan has a diameter (of the circle through the outer edges of the three blades) of 120 cm and rpm
1500 at full speed. Consider a particle of mass 1 g sticking at the outer end of a blade. How much force
does it experience when the fan runs at full speed? Who exerts this force on the particle? How much force
does the particle exert on the blade along its surface?
51. A small coin is placed at the rim of turntable of radius r which rotates with angular velocity  Find the
minimum coefficient of friction for the coin to stay on the turn table without slipping.
52. Consider a small cube of mass m kept on a horizontal disc at a distance r from center of the disc.
Coefficient of static friction between cube & disc is . If the disc is to rotate with uniform angular velocity,
what could be its maximum value of angular velocity  without causing any sliding between the cube and
the disc?



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JEE [22]
53. Two particles A and B, each of mass m, are inter-connected by an inextensible string such that the particle
B hangs below a table as shown in the figure and particle A is on a rough rotating disc at a distance r from
the axis of rotation of the disc.

 m

2g
If the angular speed of the disc and the block is  = , the frictional force developed at the interface of
r
the particle & the disc is equal to
54. A mass m rotating freely in a horizontal circle of radius r on a frictionless smooth table supports a mass 2m
in equilibrium attached to the other end of the string hanging vertically.

2m

Find the angular velocity of rotation of mass m.

55. A motorcycle has to move with a constant speed on an over bridge which is in the form of a circular are of
radius R and has a total length L. Suppose the motorcycle starts from the highest point.
(i) What can its maximum velocity be for which the contact with the road is not broken at the highest
point?

(ii) If the motorcycle goes at speed 1/ 2 times the maximum found in part (a), where will it lose the
contact with it lose the contact with the road?
(iii) What maximum uniform speed can it maintain on the bridge if it does not lose contact anywhere on
the bridge?
56. The bob of a simple pendulum of length 1 m has mass 100 g and a speed of 1.4 m/s at the lowest point in
its path. Find the tension in the string at this instant.
57. A stone is fastened to one end of a string and is whirled in a vertical circle of radius R. Find the minimum
speed the stone can have at the highest point of the circle.
58. You may have seen in a circus, a motorcyclist driving in vertical loop inside a 'death well' (a hollow
spherical chamber with holes, so that spectators can watch from outside). What is the minimum speed
required at the uppermost position to perform a vertical loop, if the radius of the chamber is 25m?
59. A 70 kg man stands in contact against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum of radius 3 m rotating
about its vertical axis with 200 rev/min. The coefficient of friction between the wall and his clothing is
0.15. What is the minimum rotational speed of the cylinder to enable the man to remain stuck to the wall
(without falling) when the floor is suddenly removed?

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JEE [23]
60. Consider two small balls connected to a rigid rod of length 2 which in turn is suspended by a thread &
rotated about the thread at angular velocity . What would be the magnitude & direction of total force
exerted by rod on one of the balls?

2

61. A small cube of mass m is placed on the inside of a funnel rotating about a vertical axis at a constant
angular velocity of . The wall of the funnel makes an angle  with the horizontal. The coefficient of static
friction between the cube and the funnel is  and the centre of the cube is at a distance r from the axis of
rotation.



Find the (i) largest and (ii) smallest value of  for which the cube will not slip inside the funnel.
62. A turn of radius 20m is banked for the vehicles going at a speed of 36 km/h. If the coefficient of static
friction between the road and the tyre is 0.4, what are the possible speeds of a vehicle so that it neither slips
down nor skids up?
63. A block of mass 0.4 kg is attached to a vertical rotating spindle by two strings of equal length, as shown in
the figure. The time period of rotation is 1.2s. Determine the tensions in the strings.

1m

1.6 m

1m

dv
64. A car goes on a horizontal circular road of radius R, the speed increasing at a constant rate  a. The
dt
friction coefficient between the road and the tyre is  . Find the speed at which the car will skid.

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JEE [24]
65. A block of mass m is kept on a horizontal ruler. The friction coefficient between the ruler and the block is
 . The ruler is fixed at one end and the block is at a distance L from the fixed end. The ruler is rotated
about the fixed end in the horizontal plane through the fixed end.
(i) What can the maximum angular speed be for which the block does not slip?
(ii) If the angular speed of the ruler is uniformly increased from zero at an angular acceleration  , at
what angular speed will the block slip?

66. A track consists of two circular parts ABC and CDE of equal radius 100 m and joined smoothly as shown in
figure. Each part subtends a right angle at its centre. A cycle weighing 100 kg together with the rider travels
at a constant speed of 18 km/h on the track.
(i) Find the normal contact force by the road on the cycle when it is at B and at D.
(ii) Find the force of friction exerted by the track on the tyres when the cycle is at B, C and D.
(iii) Find the normal force between the road and the cycle just before and just after the cycle crosses C.
(iv) What should be the minimum friction coefficient between the road and the tyre, which will ensure
that the cyclist can move with constant speed? Take g  10m/s2 .

B
A C E
D

67. A U shaped smooth wire has a semi-circular bending between A and B as shown in the figure.
v
m

A
d
B

A bead of mass m moving with uniform speed v through the wire enters the semicircular bend at A and
leaves at B. The average force exerted by the bead on the part AB of the wire is,

4mv 2 mv 2 2mv 2 mv 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d d d 2 d
68. One end of a string of length l is connected to a particle of mass m and the other to a small peg on smooth
horizontal table. If the particle moves in a circle with speed v, the net force on the particle (directed towards
the centre) is
mv 2 mv 2
(A) T (B) T  (C) T  (D) 0
l l

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JEE [25]
69. A stone of mass m tied to the end of a string revolves in a vertical circle of radius R. The net forces at the
lowest and highest points of the circle directed vertically downwards are (choose the correct alternative).
Lowest point Highest point
(A) mg  T1 mg  T2
(B) mg  T1 1/ 4
(  2 g 2  a 2 ) R 2 
(C) mg  T1  (mv1 ) / R
2
mg  T2  (mv12 ) / R
(D) mg  T1  (mv1 ) / R
2
mg  T2 (mv12 ) / R
Here, T1 , T2 and (v1 , v2 ) denote the tension in the string (and the speed of the stone) at the lowest and the
highest point respectively.
70. A body of mass m is moving in a circle of radius r with a constant speed v . The force on the body is
mv 2
and is directed towards the centre. What is the work done by this force in moving the body over half
r
the circumference of the circle
mv 2 mv 2  r2
(A)  r (B) Zero (C) 2 (D)
r r mv 2
71. A stone of mass m is tied to a string of length  g / L and rotated in a circle with a constant speed
1/ 4
  g  2 
   a  . If the string is released, the stone flies
2

 L  
(A) Radially outward (B) Radially inward
mv 2
(C) Tangentially outward (D) With an acceleration
l
72. A car moving on a horizontal road may be thrown out of the road in taking a turn
(A) By the gravitational force
(B) Due to lack of sufficient centripetal force
(C) Due to rolling frictional force between tyre and road
(D) Due to the reaction of the ground
73. Two particles of equal masses are revolving in circular paths of radii r1 and r2 respectively with the same
speed. The ratio of their centripetal forces is
2 2
r2 r2  r1   r2 
(A) (B) (C)   (D)  
r1 r1  r2   r1 
74. A body is revolving with a constant speed along a circle. If its direction of motion is reversed but the speed
remains the same, then which of the following statement is true
(A) The centripetal force will not suffer any change in magnitude
(B) The centripetal force will have its direction reversed
(C) The centripetal force will not suffer any change in direction
(D) The centripetal force would be doubled
75. If the over bridge is concave instead of being convex, the thrust on the road at the lowest position will be
mv 2 mv 2 m2v 2 g v2 g
(A) mg  (B) mg  (C) (D)
r r r r

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JEE [26]
76. A mass of 100 gm is tied to one end of a string 2 m long. The body is revolving in a horizontal circle
making a maximum of 200 revolutions per min. The other end of the string is fixed at the centre of the
circle of revolution. The maximum tension that the string can bear is (approximately)
(A) 8.76 N (B) 8.94 N (C) 89.42 N (D) 87.64 N
77. A road is 10 m wide. Its radius of curvature is 50 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge by a distance
of 1.5 m. This road is most suited for the velocity
(A) 2.5 m/sec (B) 4.5 m/sec (C) 6.5 m/sec (D) 8.5 m/sec

78. Two masses M and m are attached to a vertical axis by weightless threads of combined length l . They
are set in rotational motion in a horizontal plane about this axis with constant angular velocity  . If the
tensions in the threads are the same during motion, the distance of M from the axis is
Ml ml M m M m
(A) (B) (C) l (D) l
M m M m M m

79. Radius of the curved road on national highway is R . Width of the road is b . The outer edge of the road is
raised by h with respect to inner edge so that a car with velocity v can pass safe over it. The value of h is

v 2b v v2 R v 2b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Rg Rgb g R

80. A motorcycle is going on an overbridge of radius R . The driver maintains a constant speed. As the
motorcycle is ascending on the overbridge, the normal force on it
(A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains the same (D) Fluctuates
81. A mass of 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle by means of a string at an initial speed of 5 revolutions per
minute. Keeping the radius constant the tension in the string is doubled. The new speed is nearly
(A) 14 rpm (B) 10 rpm (C) 2.25 rpm (D) 7 rpm

82. A body of mass 5 kg is moving in a circle of radius 1m with an angular velocity of 2 radian/sec. The
centripetal force is
(A) 10 N (B) 20 N (C) 30 N (D) 40 N
83. A stone of mass of 16 kg is attached to a string 144 m long and is whirled in a horizontal circle. The
maximum tension the string can withstand is 16 Newton. The maximum velocity of revolution that can be
given to the stone without breaking it, will be
(A) 20 ms1 (B) 16 ms1 (C) 14 ms1 (D) 12 ms1
84. Find the maximum velocity for skidding for a car moved on a circular track of radius 100 m. The
coefficient of friction between the road and tyre is 0.2
(A) 0.14 m/s (B) 140 m/s (C) 1.4 km/s (D) 14 m/s
85. The maximum speed of a car on a road–turn of radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction between the tyres
and the road is 0.4, will be
(A) 10.84 m/s (B) 9.84 m/s (C) 8.84 m/s (D) 6.84 m/s

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JEE [27]
86. A point mass m is suspended from a light thread of length l, fixed at O, is whirled in a horizontal circle at
constant speed as shown. From your point of view, stationary with respect to the mass, the forces on the mass
are (T = Tension; W = weight; F = Centripetal force)
O

T T T T

(A) F (B) (C) F (D) F F

W W W W

87. A mass is supported on a frictionless horizontal surface. It is attached to a string and rotates about a fixed
centre at an angular velocity 0 . If the length of the string and angular velocity are doubled, the tension in

the string which was initially T0 is now

(A) T0 (B) T0 / 2 (C) 4T0 (D) 8T0

88. Three identical particles are joined together by a thread as shown in figure. All the three particles are
moving in a horizontal plane. If the velocity of the outermost particle is v0, then the ratio of tensions in the
three sections of the string is

O A B C
l l l

(A) 3 : 5 : 7 (B) 3 : 4 : 5 (C) 7 : 11 : 6 (D) 3 : 5 : 6

89. A particle describes a horizontal circle in a conical funnel whose inner surface is smooth with speed of 0.5
m/s. What is the height of the plane of circle from vertex of the funnel ?
(A) 0.25 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 2.5 cm
90. A coin, placed on a rotating turn-table slips, when it is placed at a distance of 9 cm from the centre. If the
angular velocity of the turn-table is tripled, it will just slip, if its distance from the centre is
(A) 27 cm (B) 9 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 1 cm
91. The kinetic energy k of a particle moving along a circle of radius R depends on the distance covered s as
k  as 2 where a is a constant. The force acting on the particle is
1/ 2
s2  s2  R2
(A) 2a (B) 2as 1  2  (C) 2as (D) 2a
R  R  s

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JEE [28]
92. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide along its length, and initially placed at a distance L from
one end A of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion about A with constant angular acceleration . If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is , and gravity is neglected, then the time after which
the bead starts slipping is
  1
(A) (B) (C) (D) Infinitesimal
  
93. A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as shown below. Each of the tracks rises to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the track is the same in all cases. At the highest point of the
track, the normal reaction is maximum in

(A) (B) (C) (D)

v v v v

94. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When the displacement of the bob is less than

maximum, its acceleration vector a is correctly shown in


a
(A) (B) (C) (D)

a
 
a a

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JEE [29]
Answer Key

48. 500 N   g  2 
1/ 4

m lo (ii)   a 
2 2

49. x  L  
 k  m 2

66. (i) 975 N, 1025 N;

50. 14.8, 14.8 N (ii) 0, 707 N, 0;
 2r (iii) 682 N, 732 N;
51.
g (iv) 1.037
g 67. A
52. 68. A
r 69. A
53. Mg 70. B
2g 71. C
54.
r 72. B
73. A
55. (i) Rg ;
74. A, C
(ii) a distance  R / 3 along the bridge from 75. A
the highest point; 76. D
(iii) gR cos( L / 2R) 77. D
56. 1.2 N 78. B
79. A
57. Rg 80. A
58. 16ms 1 81. D
82. B
59. 4.67 rad/s
83. D
60. m ( 2 )2  g 2 84. D
85. A
g  tan    
61. (i) 86. A
r 1   tan   87. D
g  tan    
88. D
(ii) 89. D
r 1   tan   90. D
62. Between 14.7 km/h 91. B
and 54 km/hr 92. A
63. 8 N, 3N 93. A
64.
1/ 4
(  2 g 2  a 2 ) R 2  94. C

65. (i)  g / L ;

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JEE [30]
Exercise – 1 [Type1]
1. A point moves along a circle with velocity v = at where a = 0.5 m/sec2. Then the total acceleration of the
point at the moment when it covered (1/10)th of the circle after beginning of motion-
(A) 0.5 m/sec2 (B) 0.6 m/sec2 (C) 0.7 m/sec2 (D) 0.8 m/sec2
2. Angular position of a line of a disc of radius r = 6 cm is given by  = 10 – 5t + 4t2 rad. the average angular
speed between 1 and 3 s is-
(A)  rad/s (B) 11 rad/s (C) 22 rad/s (D) 5.5 rad/s
3. A car is moving in a circular path of radius 500m with a speed of 30m/sec. If its speed is increasing at the
rate of 2m/sec2, the resultant acceleration will be -
(A) 2 m/sec2 (B) 2.5 m/sec2 (C) 2.7 m/sec2 (D) 4 m/sec2
4. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan is rotating at
1200 r.p.m. The acceleration of a point on the tip of the blade is about-
(A) 1600 m/sec2 (B) 4740 m/sec2 (C) 2370 m/sec2 (D) 5055 m/sec2
5. A racing car is travelling along a track at a constant speed of 40 m/s. A T.V. camera men is recording the
event from a distance of 30m directly away from the track as shown in figure. In order to keep the car
under view in the position shown, the angular speed with which the camera should be rotated, is-
Track
car
40 m/s

30 m

30º

T.V Camera

(A) 4/3 rad/sec (B) 3/4 rad/sec (C) 8/3 3 rad/sec (D) 1 rad/sec
6. Two moving particles P and Q are 10 m apart at a certain instant. The velocity of P is 8m/s making an
angle 30º with the line joining P and Q and that of Q is 6m/s making an angle 30º with PQ as shown in the
figure. Then angular velocity of P with respect to Q is-
6 m/s

10 m 30º
P 30º Q

8 m/s
(A) Zero (B) 0.1 rad/sec (C) 0.4 rad/sec (D) 0.7 rad/sec

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JEE [31]
7. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light spring of force constant k and unstretched length . The

system is rotated about the other end of the spring with an angular velocity , in gravity free space. The
increase in length of the spring will be-

k m

m2  m2  m2 

(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
k k  m2 k  m2
8. A railway track is banked for a speed v, by making the height of the outer rail (h) higher than that of the
inner rail. The distance between the rails is d. The radius of curvature of the track is r-
h v2  h  v2  h  v2 h v2
(A) = (B) tan  sin 1  = (C) tan–1   = (D) =
d rg  d  rg  d  rg r dg
9. The tube AC forms a quarter circle in a vertical plane. The ball B has an area of cross-section slightly
smaller than that of the tube, and can move without friction through it. B is placed at A and displaced
slightly. It will-
A
B

C
(A) always be in contact with the inner wall of the tube
(B) always be in contact with the outer wall of the tube
(C) initially be in contact with the inner wall and later with the outer wall
(D) initially be in contact with the outer wall and later with the inner wall
10. A particle is acted upon by a constant force always normal to the direction of motion of the particle. It is
therefore inferred that-
(i) Its velocity is constant
(ii) It moves in a straight line
(iii) Its speed is constant
(iv) It moves in circular path
(A) i , iv (B) iii, iv (C) i, ii (D) i, ii, iii
11. A particle of mass m is observed from an inertial frame of reference and is found to move in a circle of
radius r with a uniform speed v. The centrifugal force on it is-
mv2 mv2
(A) towards centre (B) away from centre
R R
mv2
(C) along tangent (D) zero
R

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JEE [32]
12. A car moves at a constant speed on a road as shown in figure. The normal force by the road on the car is
NA and NB when it is at the points A and B -
A B

(A) NA = NB (B) NA> NB

(C) NA< NB (D) insufficient information
13. Three identical cars A, B and C are moving at the same speed on three bridges. The car A goes on plane
bridge. B on a bridge convex upwards and car C on a bridge concave upwards. Let FA, FB and FC be the
normal forces exerted by the cars on the bridges when they are at the middle of bridge -
(A) FA is maximum (B) FB is maximum (C) FC is maximum (D) FA = FB = FC
14. A cylindrical bucket filled with water is whirled around in a vertical circle of radius r. What can be the
minimum speed at the top of the path if water does not fall out from the bucket. If it continues with this speed.
What normal force the bucket exerts on water at the lowest point of path ?
(A) Rg , 2mg (B) 2Rg , 2mg (C) 3Rg , 3mg (D) Rg , 3mg

15. A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string is whirled in a vertical circle with constant speed. What
should be the minimum speed so that the water from the bucket does not spill, When the bucket is at the
highest position (Take g = 10 m/sec2) -
(A) 4 m/sec (B) 6.25 m/sec (C) 16 m/sec (D) None of the above
16. A smooth hollow cone whose vertical angle is 2, with it axis vertical and vertex downwards, revolves
about its axis n times per second. Find distances from axis of rotation where a particle may be placed on
the inner surface of cone so that it rotates with same speed -
gcot g sin 4 2 n 2 gsin
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 n 2 4 2 n 2 g 4 2 n 2
17. A 2 kg stone at the end of a string 1m long is whirled in a vertical circle at a constant speed. The speed of
the stone is 4 m/sec. The tension in the string will be 52N when the stone is-
(A) At the top of the circle (B) At the bottom of the circle
(C) Half way down (D) None of the above
18. A particle, moving along a circular path has equal magnitudes of linear and angular acceleration. The
diameter of path is (in meters) -
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C)  (D) 2
19. The vertical section of a road over a canal bridge in the direction of its length is in the form of circle of
radius 8.9 metre, Then the greatest speed at which the car can cross this bridge without losing contact with
the road at its highest point, the centre of gravity of the car being at a height h = 1.1 metre from the ground
is-(Take g = 10 m/sec2 )
(A) 5 m/sec (B) 10 m/sec (C) 15 m/sec (D) 20 m/sec

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JEE [33]
20. A car moves round a turn of constant curvature between A and B (curve AB = 100m) with a steady speed
72 km/hr. If angle between tangent at point A and B is 45º then magnitude of acceleration of car between A
and B is -
A 100 m B

45º

(A) Zero (B) 3.14 m/s2 (C) 31.4 m/s2 (D) 6.28 m/s2
21. A simple pendulum is vibrating with an angular amplitude of 90º as shown in the following figure . For
what value of  is the acceleration directed -
B O B


C
A
(i) Vertically upwards (ii) Horizontally
(iii) Vertically downwards
(A) 0º,cos–1(1/ 3 ),90º (B) 90º,cos–1(1/ 3 ),0º
(C) cos–1(1/ 3 ),0º,90º (D) cos–1(1/ 3 ), 90º,0º
22. An open merry-go-round rotates at an angular velocity . A person stands in it at a distance r from the rotational
axis. It is raining and raindrops fall vertically with a velocity v0. The person should hold an umbrella to protect
himself with axis of umbrella tilted with vertical at angle-


(A) tan–1(v0/r) in the plane perpendicular to r


(B) tan–1(r/v0) in the plane perpendicular to r

(C) tan–1 (r/v0) in the plane through r
(D) Varying with time
23. A coin placed on a rotating turntable just slips if it is placed at a distance of 4 cm from the centre. If the
angular velocity of the turntable is doubled, it will just slip at a distance of -
(A) 1 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 8 cm
24. A simple pendulum having a bob of mass m is suspended from the ceiling of a car used in a stunt film
shooting. The car moves up along an inclined cliff at a speed v and makes a jump to leave the cliff and
lands at some distance. Let R be the maximum height of the car from the top of cliff. The tension in the
string when the car is in air is -
mv2 mv2
(A) mg (B) mg – (C) mg + (D) zero
R R

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JEE [34]
25. A rod of length  slides down along the inclined wall as shown in figure. At the instant when the speed of

end A is v, speed of B is-

 
B
y 
x A
v cos v sin  v sin  v cos
(A) (B) (C) (D)
cos sin  cos cos
26. A stone of mass 1kg tied to a light inextensible string of length 10/3 metre is whirling in a vertical circle. If
the ratio of maximum tension to minimum tension in the string is 4, then speed of stone at highest point of
the circle is- [g = 10 m/s2]
(A) 20 m/s (B) 103 m/s (C) 52 m/s (D) 10 m/s
27. A small bead of mass m = 1 kg is carried by a circular hoop having centre at C and radius r = 1m which
rotates about a fixed vertical axis. The coefficient of friction between bead and hoop is  = 0.5. The
maximum angular speed of the hoop for which the bead does not have relative motion with respect to hoop.


C
45º
m

(A) (5 2 )1/ 2 (B) (10 2 )1/ 2 (C) (15 2 )1/ 2 (D) (30 2 )1/ 2
28. A particle initially at rest starts moving from point A on the surface of a fixed smooth hemisphere of radius
r as shown. The particle looses its contact with hemisphere at point B. C is centre of the hemisphere. The
equation relating  and  is
A
B
r 

C
(A) 3 sin  = 2 cos (B) 2 sin  = 3 cos (C) 3 sin  = 2 cos (D) 2 sin  = 3 cos 
29. A stone is thrown horizontally with a velocity of 10m/sec. Find the radius of curvature of it's trajectory at
the end of 3 sec after motion began
(A) 10 10 m (B) 100 10 m (C) 10 m (D) 100 m

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JEE [35]
30. A bead of mass m is located on a parabolic wire with its axis vertical and vertex at the origin as shown in
figure and whose equation is x2 = 4ay. The wire frame is fixed and the bead can slide on it without friction.
The bead is released from the point y = 4a on the wire frame from rest. The tangential acceleration of the
bead when it reaches the position given by y = a is -
y
m

O x

g 3g g g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 5
31. A disc of radius R has a light pole fixed perpendicular to the disc at the circumference which in turn has a
pendulum of length R attached to its other end as shown in figure. The disc is rotated with a constant
angular velocity . The string is making an angle 30º with the rod. Then the angular velocity  of disc is


R
30º
R

1/ 2 1/ 2
 3g   3g   g 
1/ 2
 2g 
1/ 2

(A)   
(B)   (C)   (D)  
 
 R   2R   3R   3 3R 
32. Two cars having masses m1 and m2 move in circles of radius r1 and r2. If they complete the circle in equal
time. The ratio of their angular speeds 1/2 is-
m1 r1 m1r1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
m2 r2 m 2 r2
33. A 30 cm diameter turn table starts from rest and takes 2 s to reach its final rotation rate of
33.5 rpm; the angular acceleration is-
(A) 1.75 rad/s2 (B) 1.25 rad/s2 (C) 2 rad/s2 (D) 1 rad/s2
34. A stone is moved round a horizontal circle with a 20 cm long string tied to it. If centripetal acceleration is
9.8 m/s2, then its angular velocity will be-
(A) 7 rad/s (B) 22/7 rad/s (C) 49 rad/s (D) 14 rad/s
35. A motorcycle is going on an over bridge of radius R. The driver maintain a constant speed. As the
motorcycle is ascending on the over bridge, the normal force on it -
(A) increases (B) decreases (C) remains same (D) fluctuates
36. Let  denote the angular displacement of a simple pendulum oscillating in a vertical plane. If the mass of
the bob is m. The tension in the string is mg cos  -
(A) always (B) never
(C) at extreme position (D) at mean position
37. Water in a bucket is whirled in a vertical circle with a string attached to it. The water does not fall down
even when the bucket is inverted at the top of its path. We conclude that-
mv2 mv2 mv2
(A) mg = (B) mg > (C) mg < (D) none of these
R R R
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JEE [36]
Exercise-1 [Type2]
One or More than one correct Option:-
1. An object follows a curved path. The following quantities may remain constant during the motion-
(A) speed (B) velocity
(C) acceleration (D) magnitude of acceleration
2. The position vector of a particle in a circular motion about the origin sweeps out equal area in equal times-
(A) velocity remains constant (B) speed remains constant
(C) acceleration remains constant (D) tangential acceleration remains constant
3. A car of mass M is moving on a horizontal circular path of radius r. At an instant its speed is v and is
increasing at a rate a -
(A) the acceleration of the car is towards the centre of the path
(B) the magnitude of the frictional force on the car is greater than mv2/R
(C) the friction coefficient between the ground and the car is not less than a/g
(D) the friction coefficient between the ground and the car is µ = tan–1v2/Rg
4. A circular road of radius r is banked for a speed of v = 40 km/h. A car of mass m attempts to go on the
circular road. The friction coefficient between the tyre and the road is negligible. Then –
(A) the car cannot make a turn without skidding
(B) if the car turn at a speed less than 40 km/h, it will slip down.
(C) if the car turn at the correct speed of 40 km/h the force by the road on the car is equal to mv2/r
(D) if the car turn at the correct speed of 40 km/h, the force by the road on the car is greater than mg as well
as greater than mv2/r

5. A person applies a constant force F on a particle of mass m and finds that the particle move in a circle of
radius r with a uniform speed v.
(A) this is not possible
(B) there are other forces also on the particle
(C) the resultant of other forces is mv2/r towards centre
(D) the resultant of the other forces varies in magnitude as well as direction
6. Figure shows a rod of length L pivoted near an end and which is made to rotate in a horizontal plane with a
constant angular speed. A ball of mass m is suspended by a string also of length L from the other end of
the rod. If  is the angle made by string with the vertical, then-

L

 L
T
m

(A) T sin = m2L (1 + sin) (B) T cos = mg

 L(1  sin )
2
(C) tan = (D) none of above
g

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JEE [37]
Match the Column:-
7. A particle is suspended from a string of length 'R'. It is given a velocity u = 3 Rg . Match the following
C

D B

u
A
Column-I Column-II
(A) Velocity at B (P) 7 mg
(B) Velocity at C (Q) 5gR
(C) Tension at B (R) 7gR
(D) Tension at C (S) 4 mg
8. The bob of a simple pendulum is given a velocity 10 m/s at its lowest point. Mass of the bob is 1 kg and
string length is 1 m.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Minimum tension in string (in Newton) (P) 50
(B) Magnitude of acceleration of bob when the string is horizontal (Q) 60
(in m/s2)
(C) Minimum magnitude of acceleration of bob (in m/s2) (R) zero
2
(D) Tangential accelerationat the highest point (in m/s ) (S) 10 65

9. A car of mass 500 kg is moving in a circular road of radius 35/ 3 . Angle of banking of road is 30º.
1
Coefficient of friction between road and tyres is  = . Match the following:
2 3
Column-I Column-II
(A) Maximum speed (in m/s) of car for safe turning (P) 5 2
(B) Minimum speed (in m/s) of car for safe turning (Q) 12.50
(C) Speed (in m/s) at which friction force between tyres and road is zero (R) 210

(D) 350 (S) 350

Friction force (in 102 Newton) between tyres and road if speed is m/s
6 3

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JEE [38]
Exercise-2
IIT-JEE Previous Year Question:-
1. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide its length and initially placed at a distance L from one end
A of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion about A with constant angular acceleration . If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is µ, and gravity is neglected, then the time after which
the bead starts slipping is -
[IIT- 2000]

A B
L
1
(A) / (B) µ /  (C) (D) infinitesimal

2. A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as shown below. Each of the tracks rises to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the track is the same in all cases. At the highest point of the
track, the normal reaction is maximum in - [IIT -2001]

v v
(A) (B)

v v
(C) (D)
3. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly (see the figure). The coefficient of friction
between the insect and the surface is 1/3. If the line joining the centre of the hemispherical surface to the
insect makes an angle  with the vertical, the maximum possible value of  is given by -
[IIT -2001]


(A) cot = 3 (B) tan  = 3 (C) sec = 3 (D) cosec = 3

4. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When the displacement of the bob is less then

maximum, its acceleration vector a is correctly shown in - [IIT- 2002]


(A) a (B)


a

(C) (D)

 
a a

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JEE [39]
5. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration ac is
varying with time t as ac = k2 rt2, where k is a constant. The power delivered to the particle by the forces
acting on it is - [IIT-1994]
2 2 2 2 4 2 5
(A) 2mk r t (B) mk r t (C) (mk r t ) /3 (D) zero
6. A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string at the
centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone it at its lowest position, and has a speed u. The magnitude of
the change in its velocity as it reaches a position where the string is horizontal is – [IIT -1998]
(A) u 2  2gL (B) 2gL (C) u 2  gL (D) 2(u 2  gL)
7. A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to the end of a string having length (L) 0.5 m. The ball is rotated on a
horizontal circular path about vertical axis. The maximum tension that the string can bear is 324 N. The
maximum possible value of angular velocity of ball (in radian/s) is- [IIT-2011]

m
(A) 9 (B) 18 (C) 27 (D) 36
8. A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 50m/s at an angle  with the horizontal. At the highest point of
its trajectory, it collides head-on with a bob of mass 3M suspended by a massless string of length 10/3
metres and gets embedded in the bob. After the collision the string moves through an angle of 120º. Find
[IIT-1988]
(i) the angle ,
(ii) the vertical and horizontal co-ordinates of the initial position of the bob with respect to the point of
firing of the bullet. (Take g = 10m/s2)
9. A hemispherical bowl of radius R = 0.1 m is rotating about its own axis (which is vertical) with an angular
velocity . A particle of mass 10–2 kg on the frictionless inner surface of the bowl is also rotating with
same . The particle is at a height h from the bottom of the bowl.
[IIT-1993]
(a) Obtain the relation between h and . What is the minimum value of  needed in order to have a non-
zero value of h ? (b) It is desired to measure g using this set up, by measuring h accurately. Assuming that r
and  are known precisely, and that the least count in the measurement of h is 10–4 m. What is the
minimum possible error g in the measured value of g ? ( g = 9.8 m/s2)
10. A particle is suspended vertically from a point O by an inextensible massless string of length L . A
vertical line AB is at a distance L/8 from O as shown in figure. The object is given a horizontal
velocity u. At some point, its motion ceases to be circular and eventually the object passes through line
AB. At the instant of crossing AB, its velocity is horizontal. Find u.
[IIT-1999]

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JEE [40]
A
O

L/8
L

B
11. A spot light S rotates in a horizontal plane with a constant angular velocity of 0.1 rad/s. The spot of light P
moves along the wall at a distance of 3 m. The velocity of spot P when  = 45º is -
[IIT-1987]

h=3m

P 

(A) 0.2 m/s (B) 0.4 m/s (C) 0.6 m/s (D) 0.8 m/s
12. A rod of length L is hinged from one end. It is brought to a horizontal position and released. The angular
velocity of the rod when it is in vertical position is - [IIT- 1990]
(A) 2g / L (B) 3g / L (C) g / 2L (D) g / L
13. A car is moving in a circular horizontal track of radius 10 m with a constant speed of 10 m/s. A plumb bob
is suspended from the roof of the car by a light rigid rod of length 1.0 m. The angle made by the rod with
the track is –
[IIT-19 92]
(A) Zero (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
14. A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible liquid of mass M and closed at both ends.
The tube is then rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform angular velocity .The
force exerted by the liquid at the other end is –
[IIT - 1992]
(A) ML 2 /2 (B) ML 2 (C)ML 2 /4 (D) ML22 /2
15. A solid body rotates about a stationary axis so that its angular velocity depends on the rotation angle  as
 = 0 – k , where 0 and k are positive constants. At the moment t = 0, the angle  = 0. Find the time
dependence of rotation angle-
  K
(A) K. oe –kt (B) 0 [e–kt] (C) 0 [1–e–kt] (D) [ e–kt – 1]
K K 0
16. A solid body rotates with deceleration about a stationary axis with an angular deceleration
|  | = k  ; where k is a constant and  is the angular velocity of the body. If the initial angular velocity
is 0, then mean angular velocity of the body averaged over the whole time of rotation is -
  
(A) 0 (B) 0 (C) 0 (D) 0
2 3 4

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JEE [41]
17. A car moving at a speed of 36 km/h is taking a turn on a circular road of radius 50 m. A small wooden plate
is kept on the seat with its plane perpendicular to the radius of the circular road. A small block of mass
100g is kept on the seat which rests against the plate. The friction coefficient between the block and the
plate is µ = 0.58. (a) Find the normal contact force exerted by the plate on the block. (b) the plate is slowly
turned so that the angle between the normal to the plate and radius of the road slowly increases. Find the
angle at which the block will just start sliding on the plate.

O
plate
block

18. Figure shows a smooth track which consists of a straight inclined part of length  joining smoothly with the

circular part. A particle of mass m is projected up the incline from its bottom. (a) Find the minimum
projection speed v0 for which the particle reaches the top of the track. (b) Assuming that the projection
speed is 2v0 and that the block does not loose contact with the track before reaching its top, find the force
acting on it when it reaches the top. (c) Assuming that the projection speed is only slightly greater than v0,
where will the block loose contact with the track ?

 R


19. A particle of mass m is attached to the end of a light inextensible string of length 2a, the other end of which
is attached to a fixed point P. The particle is projected horizontally from the point 2a below P with speed v.
As it comes in level with P, a peg distant a from P catches the string. In the subsequent motion, the particle
can just describe a full circle about Q. Find v. (see figure).
O' Q P

a a

2a

v
O

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JEE [42]
Exercise3
Subjective Type Questions:-
1. A wet open umbrella is held upright and is rotated about the handle at a uniform rate of
21 revolutions in 44 s. If the rim of the umbrella is circle 1 metre in diameter and the height of the rim
above the floor is 1.5 m, find where the drops of water spun off the rim and hit the floor.
2. A man whirls a stone around his head on the end of a string 4 metre long. If the stone has a mass of 0.4 kg
and the string will break if the tension in it exceeds 8 N, what is the smallest angle the string can make with
the horizontal? What is the speed of the stone ? (g = 10 m/s2)
3. A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m and 2 m above the ground by means of a string.
The string breaks and the stone flies off horizontally, striking the ground 10 m away. What is the
centripetal acceleration during circular motion ?
4. A stone is fastened to one end of a string and is whirled in a vertical circle of radius R. Find the minimum
speed the stone can have at the highest point of the circle.
5. A stone of mass 1 kg is attached to one end of a string of length 1 m and breaking strength 500 N, and is
whirled in a horizontal circle on a frictionless table top. The other end of the string is kept fixed. Find the
maximum speed the stone can attain without breaking the string.
6. A spaceman in training is rotated in a seat at the end of horizontal rotating arm of length 5 m. If he can
withstand acceleration up to 9 g, what is the maximum number of revolutions per second permissible ?
Take g = 10 m/s2
7. An insect on the axle of a wheel observes the motion of a particle and 'finds' it to take its place along the
circumference of a circle of radius 'R' with a uniform angular speed . The axle is moving with a uniform
speed 'v' relative to the ground. How will an observer on the ground describe the motion of the same point.
8. A circular automobile test track has a radius of 200 m. The track is so designed that when a car travels at a
speed of 100 kilometer per hour, the force between the automobile and the track is normal to the surface of
track. Find the angle of the bank.
9. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 kmh–1. As he approaches a circular turn on the road of radius 80 m, he
applies brakes and reduces his speed at the constant rate of 0.5 ms–1 every second. What is the magnitude and
direction of the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn ?
10. A motorcycle has to move with a constant speed on an over bridge which is in the form of a circular arc of
radius R and has a total length L. Suppose the motorcycle starts from the highest point. (a) What can its
maximum velocity be for which contact with road is not broken at the highest point ? (b) If the motorcycle
1
goes at speed times the maximum found in part (a). Where will it lose the contact with the road ? (c)
2
What maximum uniform speed can it maintain on the bridge if it does not lose contact anywhere on the
bridge ?
11. A stone is thrown horizontally with a velocity 10 m/s. Find the radius of curvature of its trajectory in 3
second after the motion began. Disregard the resistance of air.
12. A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car taking a turn of radius 10 m at a speed of 36
km/h. Find the angle made by the string of the pendulum with the vertical if this angle does not change
during the turn. Take g = 10 m/s2.
13. A particle of mass m moves along the internal smooth surface of vertical cylinder of radius R. Find the
force with which the particle acts on the cylinder wall if at the initial moment of time its velocity equals v0

and forms an angle  with the horizontal.

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JEE [43]
14. A heavy particle hanging from a fixed point by a light inextensible string of length '' is projected
horizontally with speed g , find the speed of the particle and the inclination of the string to the vertical at
the instant of the motion when the tension in the string is equal to the weight of the particle.
15. A hemispherical bowl of radius R is rotated about its axis of symmetry which is kept vertical. A small
block is kept in the bowl at a position where the radius makes angle  with the vertical. The block rotates
with the bowl without any slipping. The frictional coefficient between the block and the bowl is µ. Find the
range of angular speed for which the block will not slip.
16. A table with smooth horizontal surface is fixed in a cabin that rotates with a uniform angular velocity  in a
circular path of radius R. A smooth groove AB of length L<<R is made on the surface of the table. The
groove makes an angle  with the radius OA of the circle in which the cabin rotates. A small particle is kept at
the point A in the groove and is released to move along AB. Find the time taken by the particle to reach the
point B.
B

O A 
R

17. A table with smooth horizontal surface is placed in a cabin which moves in a circle of a large radius R. A
smooth pulley of small radius is fastened to the table. Two masses of m and 2m are placed on the table
connected through a string going over the pulley. Initially the masses were at rest. Find the magnitude of
the initial acceleration of the masses as seen from the cabin and the tension in the string.
 m1

m2

18. A particle of mass m moves along a horizontal circle of radius R such that normal acceleration of particle
varies with time as an = Kt2, where K is a constant. Calculate
(i) tangential force on particle at time t
(ii) total force on particle at time t
(iii) power developed by total force at time t and
(iv) average power developed by total force over first t second
19. A smooth sphere of radius R is made to translate in a straight line with a constant acceleration a. A particle
kept on the top of the sphere is released from there at zero velocity with respect to the sphere. Find the
speed of the particle with respect to the sphere as a function of the angle  it slides.
20. A uniform circular ring of mass per unit length  and radius R is rotating with angular velocity  about its
own axis in a gravity free space. Find the tension in the ring.
21. If a particle is rotating in a circle of radius R with velocity at an instant v and the tangential acceleration is
a. Find the net acceleration of the particle.
22. A metal ring of mass m and radius R is placed on a smooth horizontal table and is set rotating about its own
axis in such a way that each part of the ring moves with speed v. Find the tension in the ring.

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JEE [44]
dv
23. A car goes on a horizontal circular road of radius R the speed is increasing at a constant rate = a. The
dt
friction coefficient is . Find the speed at which the car will just skid.
24. A block of mass M is kept on a horizontal ruler. The friction coefficient between the ruler and block is µ.
The ruler is fixed at one end and the block is at a distance L from the fixed end. The ruler is rotated about
the fixed end in the horizontal plane through a fixed end. Find the maximum angular speed for which block
will slip.
25. A particle starts sliding down a curved surface of radius R from position A as shown in the figure. At
position B it breaks-off, find the value of 
A

R


ANSWER KEY

Exercise-1 [Type-1]

1. [D] 8. [B] 15. [A] 21. [A] 28. [C] 35. [A]
2. [B] 9. [C] 16. [A] 22. [B] 29. [B] 36. [C]
3. [C] 10. [B] 17. [B] 23. [A] 30. [C] 37. [C]
4. [B] 11. [D] 18. [A] 24. [D] 31. [D]
5. [D] 12. [C] 19. [B] 25. [D] 32. [D]
6. [D] 13. [C] 20. [B] 26. [D] 33. [A]
7. [B] 14. [A] 27. [D] 34. [A]

Exercise-1 [Type-2]

1. [A,D] 3. [B,C] 5. [B,D]

2. [B,D] 4. [B,D] 6. [C]

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JEE [45]

Exercise-2

1. [A] 3 3  4 2g[ sin   R[1  cos ]1/ 2

2. [A] 10. u 2  g  
6mg
3. [A]  2  (b) f1 =
R
4. [C] 11. [C]
5. [B] 12. [B] [ sin + R(1 – cos )]
6. [D] 13. [C] 2
7. (D) (c) cos =
14. [A] 3
8. (i)  = 37º , (ii) = 46 m 15. [C] 19. v = 7ag Ans.
9. (a) = 7 2 rad/sec 16. [C]
(b) = – 98 × 10–4 17. (a) 0.2 N, (b)  = 30º
= – 9.8 × 10–3 m/s2 18. (a) v0 =

Exercise-3

1. 0.829 m 2L
2. v = 7.7 m/s 16. t=
 R cos 
2
3. 163.3 m/s2
4m12 R 4m2 R
4. v = Rg 17. = =
3 3
5. 22.36 m/s
6. 0.675 rev/sec 18. (i) Ft = mat = m RK (ii) = m K(R  Kt 4 )
7. x = vt + R sin t, y = R cos t (iii) Pt = Ftv = (m Rk ) ( RK t = mRKt
8. = 21º 29 t
9.  54º 27
(iv)
 P dt
0
t
=
mRKt
10. (a) = Rg (b)  = 60º t 2
L 19. v = {2R g(1 – cos ) + a sin }1/2
(c) vmax = Rg cos 0 = Rg cos
2R 20. T = 2R2
11. = 100 10 m v4
21. a2 
12.  = 45º R2
m( v 0 cos ) 2 mv02 cos 2  mv 2
13. = = 22. T=
R R 2R
g 23. v  [( 2 g 2  a 2 ) r 2 ]1/ 4
14. v=
3
g
g (sin    cos ) 24.
15. L
R sin  (cos    sin )
2
25. cos  =
3

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