Name: Class:

International Baccalaureate To be completed with teacher support (self-assessed)

A.3 Work, energy and power

–5– (Practice)
M16/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

1.
6. The graph shows how the acceleration a of an object varies with distance travelled x.

a / m s–2
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
x/m

The mass of the object is 3.0 kg. What is the total work done on the object?

A. 300 J

B. 400 J

C. 1200 J

D. 1500 J
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2.
5. A stone is falling at a constant velocity vertically down a tube filled with oil. Which of the following
statements about the energy changes of the stone during its motion are correct?

I. The gain in kinetic energy is less than the loss in gravitational potential energy.
II. The sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the stone is constant.
III. The work done by the force of gravity has the same magnitude as the work done by
friction.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

6. A spring of negligible mass and length l0 hangs from a fixed point. When a mass m is attached to
the free end of the spring, the length of the spring increases to l. The tension in the spring is equal
to k ∆x, where k is a constant and ∆x is the extension of the spring. What is k?

mg Turn over
A.
l0
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3.5. An object, initially at rest, is accelerated by a constant force. Which graphs show the variation with
time t of the kinetic energy and the variation with time t of the speed of the object?

A.
kinetic energy speed
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6. Two stationary objects of mass 1 kg and 2 kg are connected by a thread and suspended from
6. Two
a stationary objects of mass 1 kg and 2 kg are connected by a thread and suspended from
spring.
a spring.

spring
B. spring
kinetic energy speed
1 kg
1 kg
thread
thread

2 kg
2 kg
C.
kinetic energy speed
The thread is cut. Immediately after the cut, what are the magnitudes of the accelerations of the
The thread
objects is cut.of Immediately
in terms afterdue
the acceleration the to
cut, what gare
gravity ? the magnitudes of the accelerations of the
objects in terms of the acceleration due to gravity g ?

Acceleration of Acceleration of
Acceleration
1 kg object of Acceleration
2 kg object of
1 kg object 2 kg object
A. 3g 2g
A. 3g 2g
D.
B. kinetic energy
2g 2g speed
B. 2g 2g
C. 3g 1g
C. 3g 1g
D. 2g 1g
D. 2g 1g

7. An object of mass 2 kg is thrown vertically downwards with an initial kinetic energy of 100 J.
7.
4. An object
What ofdistance
is the mass 2 kg is thrown
fallen by thevertically
object atdownwards with an
the instant when itsinitial
kinetickinetic
energyenergy of 100 J.
has doubled?
What is the distance fallen by the object at the instant when its kinetic energy has doubled?
A. 2.5 m
A. 2.5 m
B. 5.0 m
B. 5.0 m
C. 10 m
C. 10 m
D. 14 m
D. 14 m

5.
8. A student of weight 600 N climbs a vertical ladder 6.0 m tall in a time of 8.0 s. What is the power
8. A student ofbyweight
developed 600 N against
the student climbs agravity?
vertical ladder 6.0 m tall in a time of 8.0 s. What is the power
developed by the student against gravity?
A. 22 W
A. 22 W
B. 45 W
B. 45 W
C. 220 W
C. 220 W
D. 450 W
D. 450 W
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7.
6. A graph shows the variation of force acting on an object moving in a straight line with distance
moved by the object.

Which area represents the work done on the object during its motion from P to Q?

force

X Z

0
0 P Q distance

A. X

B. Y

C. Y+Z

D. X+Y+Z –3– M17/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/XX

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5. A tennis ball is released from rest at a height h above the ground. At each bounce 50 % of
5.
7. A tennis ball is released from rest at a height h above the ground. At each bounce 50 % of
8. Aitscar
kinetic energy
travelling at is lost to itsvelocity
a constant surroundings.
covers aWhat is theofheight
distance 100 mreached
in 5.0 s. by thethrust
The ball after itsengine
of the
its kinetic energy is lost to its surroundings. What is the height reached by the ball after its
second
is 1.5 kN.bounce?
second bounce?
What ish the power of the car?
A. h
A. 8
A. 8 kW
0.75
h
B. 3.0
B. h kW
B. 4
4
C. 7.5
h kW
C. h
C. 2
D. 30
2 kW
D. zero
D. zero

8.
6. The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional
6. The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional
force acts on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on
force acts on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on
the block?
the block?
A. 24 N
A. 24 N
B. 48 N
B. 48 N
C. 96 N
C. 96 N
D. 192 N
D. 192 N
Turn over
7. The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted.
7. The
Whatefficiency of anwork
is the useful electric
done motor is 20
by the %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted.
motor?
What is the useful work done by the motor?
A. 100 J
A. 100 J
9.
7. The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted.
What is the useful work done by the motor?
ladder ladder
A. 100 J
wall wall
B. 125 J

C. 250 J
ground ground
D. 400 J

10.
5. An object falls from rest from a height h close to the surface of the Moon. The Moon has
no atmosphere.

h
When the object has fallen to height above the surface, what is
4
h
kinetic energy of the object at
4 ?
gravitational potential energy of the object at h
3
A.
4

4
B.
3 Turn over
9
C.
16

16
D.
9

Turn over
 6

11.
2 (a) Explain what is meant by

(i) work done,

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) kinetic energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A leisure-park ride consists of a carriage that moves along a railed track. Part of the track lies
in a vertical plane and follows an arc XY of a circle of radius 13 m, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

13 m
Y

13 m
carriage
mass 580 kg 22 m s–1 track
X

Fig. 2.1

The mass of the carriage is 580 kg. At point X, the carriage has velocity 22 m s–1 in a horizontal
direction. The velocity of the carriage then decreases to 12 m s–1 in a vertical direction at
point Y.

(i) For the carriage moving from X to Y

1. show that the decrease in kinetic energy is 9.9 × 104 J,

[2]

2. calculate the gain in gravitational potential energy.

gain in gravitational potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

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(ii) Show that the length of the track from X to Y is 20 m.

[1]

(iii) Use your answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii) to calculate the average resistive force acting on
the carriage as it moves from X to Y.

resistive force = ...................................................... N [2]

(iv) Describe the change in the direction of the linear momentum of the carriage as it moves
from X to Y.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(v) Determine the magnitude of the change in linear momentum when the carriage moves
from X to Y.

change in momentum = .................................................... N s [3]

[Total: 13]

© UCLES 2018 9702/22/F/M/18 [Turn over

 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1
12. (a) Define acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A man travels on a toboggan down a slope covered with snow from point A to point B and
then to point C. The path is illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

man

toboggan, at rest
A

40°
horizontal
B

horizontal 20°
C
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The slope AB makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal and the slope BC makes an angle of
20° with the horizontal. Friction is not negligible.

The man and toboggan have a combined mass of 95 kg.

The man starts from rest at A and has constant acceleration between A and B. The man
takes 19 s to reach B. His speed is 36 m s–1 at B.

(i) Calculate the acceleration from A to B.

acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]

(ii) Show that the distance moved from A to B is 340 m.

[1]
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(iii) For the man and toboggan moving from A to B, calculate

1. the change in kinetic energy,

change in kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

2. the change in potential energy.

change in potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

(iv) Use your answers in (iii) to determine the average frictional force that acts on the
toboggan between A and B.

frictional force = ...................................................... N [2]

(v) A parachute opens on the toboggan as it passes point B. There is a constant deceleration
of 3.0 m s–2 from B to C.

Calculate the frictional force that produces this deceleration between B and C.

frictional force = ...................................................... N [2]

[Total: 12]

© UCLES 2016 9702/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

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13.
3 (a) (i) Explain what is meant by work done. For
Examiner’s
.................................................................................................................................. Use

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Define power.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows part of a fairground ride with a carriage on rails.

9.5 m s–1 4.1 m

30°

Fig. 3.1

The carriage and passengers have a total mass of 600 kg. The carriage is travelling at a
speed of 9.5 m s–1 towards a slope inclined at 30° to the horizontal. The carriage comes
to rest after travelling up the slope to a vertical height of 4.1 m.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy, in kJ, of the carriage and passengers as they travel
towards the slope.

kinetic energy = ............................................ kJ [3]

(ii) Show that the gain in potential energy of the carriage and passengers is 24 kJ.

[2]

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(iii) Calculate the work done against the resistive force as the carriage moves up the For
slope. Examiner’s
Use

work done = ............................................ kJ [1]

(iv) Use your answer in (iii) to calculate the resistive force acting against the carriage
as it moves up the slope.

resistive force = ............................................. N [2]

© UCLES 2011 9702/22/M/J/11 [Turn over

 10

14.
5 A motor is used to move bricks vertically upwards, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

motor

bricks
container

Fig. 5.1

The bricks start from rest and accelerate for 2.0 s. The bricks then travel at a constant speed of
0.64 m s−1 for 25 s. Finally the bricks are brought to rest in a further 3.0 s.

The total mass of the bricks is 25 kg.

(a) Determine the change in kinetic energy of the bricks

(i) in the first 2.0 s,

change in kinetic energy = ...................................................... J [2]

(ii) in the next 25 s,

change in kinetic energy = ...................................................... J [1]

(iii) in the final 3.0 s.

change in kinetic energy = ...................................................... J [1]

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(b) The bricks are in a container. The weight of the container and bricks is 350 N.

Calculate, for the lifting of the bricks and container when travelling at constant speed,

(i) the gain in potential energy,

energy gain = ...................................................... J [3]

(ii) the power required.

power = ..................................................... W [2]

© UCLES 2014 9702/21/O/N/14 [Turn over

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15.
4 A block is pulled on a horizontal surface by a force P as shown in Fig. 4.1.

vertical
P = 35 N
60°

block
horizontal

weight = 180 N

Fig. 4.1

The weight of the block is 180 N. The force P is 35 N at 60° to the vertical.
The block moves a distance of 20 m at constant velocity.

(a) Calculate

(i) the vertical force that the surface applies to the block (normal reaction force),

force = ....................................................... N [2]

(ii) the work done by force P.

work done = ........................................................J [2]

© UCLES 2015 9702/23/O/N/15

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(b) (i) Explain why the block continues to move at constant velocity although work is done on
the block by force P.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of the forces acting, why the block remains in equilibrium.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9702/23/O/N/15 [Turn over