ENGINEERING CALCULATION
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INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING CALCULATION
Unit and
dimensions
Systems of Conversion
units of units
UNITS
Calculation example:
• Used for expressing the • 2 Kg+ 3 Kg
dimensions • 2 Kg + 3 Ton
• For example: • 10 M- 6 M CONVERSION
• Length→ feet, meter • 7 Hr- 4 Min
• Time→ Hour, Second • 12 M x 3 M
• 10 gr : 5 ons
CONVERSION OF UNITS
• To convert a quantity expressed in terms of one unit to equivalent in terms
of another unit, multiply the given quantity by the conversion factor.
• Conversion factor – a ratio of equivalent values of a quantity expressed in
different units.
• Let say to convert 2 m to cm.
100 𝑐𝑚
2𝑚𝑥 = 200 𝑐𝑚
𝑚
Conversion factor
• Convert 1 cm/s2 to km/yr2
𝑐𝑚 1𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚 602 𝑆 2 602 𝑀𝑖𝑛2 242 𝐻𝑟 2 3652 𝐷2
1 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 2
𝑥 2 2 𝑥 2 2 𝑥 2 2
𝑆 100 𝑐𝑚 1000 𝑚 1 𝑀𝑖𝑛 1 𝐻𝑟 1 𝐷 1 𝑌𝑟
= 9.945.192.960 𝑘𝑚/𝑦𝑟2
2.5 cm/s2 = …… km/hr2
50 km/hr = ….. m/s
SISTEM OF UNITS
Base unit Units for the dimensions of mass, length, time,
temperature, electrical current, and light intensity
Multiple of unit Multiple or fractions of base unit
Units that are obtained in one or two ways;
Derived unit 1. By multiplying and dividing base units; also
referred to as compound units (ft/min (velocity),
cm2(area), kg.m/s2(force) )
2. As defined equivalent of compound unit (Newton =
1 kg.m/s2)
FORCE AND WEIGHT
• Force is proportional to product of mass and acceleration
• Usually defined using derived units
1 Newton (N) =1 kg.m/s2
1 dyne =1 g.cm/s2
1 Ibf =32.174 Ibm.ft/s2
• Usually defined using derived units
• Weight of an object is force exerted on the object by gravitational attraction
of the earth i.e. force of gravity, g.
• Value of gravitational acceleration:
g = 9.8066 m/s2 = 980.66 cm/s2= 32.174 ft/s2
WEIGHT AND MASS
• Given the density of 2 ft3 water is 62.4 lbm/ft3. At the sea level,the gravitational
acceleration is 32.174 ft/s2. Find W!
• 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑥𝑔
• 𝜌 = 𝑚/𝑣 → 𝑚 = 𝜌𝑥𝑣 = 62.4 lbm/ft3 x 2 ft3 =124.8 lbm
• 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑥𝑔 = 124.8 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑥 32.174 𝑓𝑡
𝑠2
𝑥
1 𝑙𝑏𝑓
32.174 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑡/𝑠2
= 124.8 𝑙𝑏𝑓
DIMENSIONS
• Properties that can be
measured
• Example: Length, time,
mass, temperature
• Properties that can calculated
by multiplying or dividing other
dimensions
• Example: volume, velocity,
density
DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY
Principle of consistency of units:
• Units on the left side of an equation must be the same as those on the right
side of an equation
• This property is called dimensional homogeneity
DIMENSIONLESS ANALYSIS
• 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑣𝑡 − 2 𝑎𝑡 2 • Each term must have same
1 dimension
•𝑣= 2
𝑔ℎ2
• Two variables cannot be added if
• 𝑣 = √𝑔ℎ dimensions are different
• Multiplying variables is always fine
• Numbers (e.g. 1/2 or phi) are
dimensionless
DIMENSIONLESS GROUP
• Can be a pure number → 2, 1.3 ,5/2
• A multiplicative combination of variables with no net dimensions → Reynold
number
THANK YOU
