Subject Name: OOP

Unit No:2
Unit Name: Classes and Objects

Faculty Name : Mr. Dayanand Dhongade

Index

Lecture 10 – Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 3

Lecture 11 – Argument Passing Mechanism 12

Lecture 12 – Method Overloading 18

2
 Module No 2: Classes and Objects

Lecture No: 10
Implementation of class and object concept
using Java language
Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Aim: Using classes and method in java write a program to calculate the
area of circle, triangle, square and rectangle.

• Objects are the basic runtime entities in an object oriented system.

• A class may be thought of as a ‘data type’ and an object as ‘variable’ of

that data type.

• The data and code of the class are accessed by object of that class.

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 4
Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Syntax:

class Class_Name
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// Statements;
}
}

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 5
Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Algorithm:

1. Start.

2. Declare a class named Area.

3. Define a method circle() to calculate area of circle.

4. Define a method triangle() to calculate area of triangle.

5. Define a method square() to calculate area of square.

6. Define a method rectangle() to calculate area of rectangle.

7. Define a class named Calculate.

8. Create object of Area class and invoke methods of circle, triangle, square and
rectangle methods inside main() method.

9. Stop.

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 6
 Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Program:

import java.util.*;
class Area
{
void circle(double r)
{
double area1 = 3.14 * r * r;
System.out.println("The area of the circle is :" + area1);
}
void triangle( double ht, double bs)
{
double area2= ht*bs*0.5;
System.out.println("Area of traingle is "+area2);
}

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 7
 Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Program:

void square(int s)
{
int area3=s*s;
System.out.println("Area of square is "+area3);
}
void rectangle(int lth, int wd)
{
int area4=lth*wd;
System.out.println("Area of Rectangle is "+area4);
}
}

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 8
 Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Program:

class Calculate{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Area ob=new Area();
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Radius of Circle:");
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Base of Triangle:");
double base = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Height of Triangle:");
double height = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Side of Square");
int side = sc.nextInt();

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 9
 Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Program:

System.out.println("Enter Length of Rectangle");

int length = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter Breadth of Rectangle");
int breadth = sc.nextInt();
ob.circle(radius); // Area of Circle
ob.triangle(base,height); // Area of Triangle
ob.square(side); // Area of Square
ob.rectangle(length,breadth); // Area of Rectangle
}
}

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 10
 Example: Calculate the area of Circle, Triangle, Square and Rectangle

• Output:

Lecture 10- Implementation of class and object concept using Java language 11
 Module No 2: Classes and Objects

Lecture No: 11
Argument Passing Mechanism
 Methods with Parameters/Arguments

class Circle class MyMain

{ {
double c ,a; //area and circumference public static void main(String args[])
{
Circle c1; // creating reference
//method definition c1 = new Circle(); // creating object
void circumference( int r)
{ int radius= 5;
c=2*3.14*r;
// invoking method
System.out.println(“Circumference =“
+c);
c1.circumference(radius);
}
void area(int r) c1.area(radius);
{
a=3.14 * r * r;
System.out.println(“Area =“ +a);
}
} }
}

Lecture 11- Argument Passing Mechanism 13

 Methods with Parameters/Arguments.... Impact of access specifiers

class Test { class AccessTest {

int a; // default access public static void main(String args[]) {
public int b; // public access Test ob = new Test();
private int c; // private access ob.a = 10; // OK
ob.b = 20; // OK
// methods to access c ob.c = 100; // Error!
void setc(int i) { // set c's value ob.setc(100); // OK
c = i; System.out.println("a, b, and c: " + ob.a + "
} " +ob.b + " " + ob.getc());
int getc() { // get c's value }}
return c;
}
}

Lecture 11- Argument Passing Mechanism 14

Excercise

• WAP to create class rectangle and calculate area and perimeter of it.

• WAP to create class Student. Add methods to read and display student
information

**Passing Objects as Arguments will be covered after introducing Constructors

Lecture 11- Argument Passing Mechanism 15

Activity

https://crosswordlabs.com/view/crossword-puzzle-on-oop-concepts

16 Lecture 11- Argument Passing Mechanism

Activity- Answer Key

17 Lecture 11- Argument Passing Mechanism

 Module No 2: Classes and Objects

Lecture No: 12
Method Overloading
‘static’ Members

• Normally a class member must be accessed only with an object.

• When a member is declared static, it can be accessed before any
objects of its class are created, and without reference to any object.
• There can be a static method, static variable and a static block

• static keyword is used to declare static variables.

Eg: static int counter;

• When objects of class are declared, no copy of a static variable is

made.
• Instead, all instances of the class share the same static variable.

19 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members –Example 1

class StaticDemo {
public static void main(String
static int a; //static variable args[]) {
int b; //instance variable StaticDemo s1=new StaticDemo();
void increment() { StaticDemo s2=new StaticDemo();
a++; s1.increment();
b++; s2.increment();
} s1.display();
void display() }
{ }
System.out.println(“a= “+a);
System.out.println(“b= “+b);
OUTPUT
}
a=2
b=1

20 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members

• Initially when object S1 and S2 are created

S1.b=0 StaticDemo.a=0

S2.b=0

• When S1.increment() is called

S1.b=1
StaticDemo.a=1

S2.b=0

• When S2.increment() is called

S1.b=0
StaticDemo.a=2

S2.b=1

21 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members

• Static methods can only call other static methods

• Static methods must only access static data

• Static block gets executed exactly once, when the class is first loaded

22 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members- Example 2

class UseStatic {
static int a = 3; OUTPUT
Static block initialized.
static int b;
x = 42
static void meth(int x) { a=3
System.out.println("Static block initialized."); b = 12
b = a * 4;
System.out.println("x = " + x);
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
meth(42);
}
}

23 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members

• Outside of the class in which they are defined, static methods and variables can be used
independently of any object.

• To call a static method and variable from outside its class, class name is used .

• General form:
classname.method( );
Classname.variable1;

24 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

‘static’ Members

class StaticDemo {
static int a = 42; output :
a = 42
static int b = 99; b = 99
static void callme() {
System.out.println("a = " + a);
}
}
class StaticByName {
public static void main(String
args[]) {
StaticDemo.callme();
System.out.println("b = " +
StaticDemo.b);
}
}

25 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

 Case Study on Static members

A XYZ company wants to maintain employee details like EID, name, salary and department. Company
will read and display details of employees. When a new employee is joined the company an Employee
ID (EID) is automatically incremented and assigned to him/her.

Class: Employee

Data Members: EID, name, salary , department

Methods: getData()
display()

26 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

Method Overloading

• In Java we can define number of methods in a class with the same name.
• Defining two or more methods with the same name in a class is called method overloading.
• Method overloading is one of the ways that Java implements polymorphism
• When an overloaded method is invoked, Java uses the type and/or number of arguments to
determine which version of the overloaded method to actually call.
• Compile determine which method to execute automatically.
• The return type has no effect on the signature of a method.

27 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

 What is Signature of a method?

• The name of a method along with the types and sequence of the parameters is called signature
of the method
• Signature of the method should be unique.

• Signature of the method includes –

1. No of Parameters
2. Different Parameters
3. Sequence of the parameters

• For Example :
int display(int num1,int num2); OR
int display(double num1,int num2); OR
void display(double num1,double num2);

28 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

Method Overloading

class OverloadDemo { class Overload {

public static void main(String args[])
void test()
{
{ System.out.println("No parameters");
} OverloadDemo ob = new OverloadDemo();
void test(int a) double result;
{ System.out.println("a: " + a); // call all versions of test()
ob.test();
}
ob.test(10);
void test(int a, int b) ob.test(10, 20);
{ result = ob.test(123.2);
System.out.println("a and b: " + a + " " System.out.println("Result of ob.test(123.2): "
+ b); + result);
} }
}
double test(double a)
{ System.out.println("double a: " + a);
return a*a;
}
}

29 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

Excercise

• Write a program to overload the plusMethod() method to work for

both int and double.
• Write a program to overload the area() method to calculate area of
different shapes.

30 Lecture 12- Method Overloading

Thank You