Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is an ancient and profound repository of knowledge that
spans various disciplines such as science, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, architecture,
art, and spirituality. It represents the intellectual traditions of India, rooted in its millennia-old
civilization, offering timeless wisdom that has contributed to global thought and
development. The Indian Knowledge System is significant not only for its historical and
cultural value but also for its relevance in addressing contemporary issues through traditional
approaches, sustainable practices, and holistic perspectives.
Introduction to Indian Knowledge System
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) encompasses a vast body of knowledge developed and
refined over thousands of years. It is divided into two broad categories:
1. Shruti (Heard): Includes the Vedas and Upanishads, which are considered to be
divinely revealed wisdom.
2. Smriti (Remembered): Includes the vast literature of epics like the Mahabharata and
Ramayana, as well as Dharma Shastras, Puranas, and other works that guide the moral
and social order.
The IKS is deeply intertwined with Indian spiritual and philosophical traditions, focusing on
the pursuit of truth (satya), righteousness (dharma), and the unity of the physical and
metaphysical worlds.
Importance of the Indian Knowledge System
1. Holistic Approach to Life: One of the unique features of IKS is its holistic approach,
which integrates physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions of life. Systems like
Ayurveda, Yoga, and Meditation reflect this comprehensive outlook. The
interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit emphasizes well-being as a balance
rather than the mere absence of illness.
2. Contribution to Science and Technology: India has a rich tradition of scientific and
mathematical advancements. The decimal system, zero, and advancements in algebra,
geometry, and astronomy emerged from Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and
Brahmagupta. Ancient Indian metallurgical knowledge is evident in structures like the
Iron Pillar of Delhi, which has resisted rusting for over 1,600 years.
3. Environmental Sustainability: The Indian Knowledge System emphasizes living in
harmony with nature. Traditional agricultural practices, water conservation techniques
like step-wells, and architecture that aligns with local climates and resources reflect
deep ecological understanding. These principles offer valuable insights into
sustainable living today.
4. Medicine and Healthcare: Ayurveda and Siddha medicine systems, which focus on
natural healing and preventive care, offer alternative frameworks for modern
healthcare. These systems emphasize a balance of the doshas (body humors) and the
use of herbal remedies, diet, and lifestyle modifications to promote health and
longevity.
5. Philosophy and Ethics: The rich philosophical traditions of IKS, including schools
like Vedanta, Nyaya, Samkhya, and Buddhism, delve into fundamental questions of
existence, ethics, and the nature of reality. These systems have profoundly influenced
global philosophical thought and continue to offer insights into human existence and
societal harmony.
6. Language and Literature: Sanskrit, the language of much of the Indian Knowledge
System, is not only a medium of ancient wisdom but also considered a perfect
language for computer algorithms due to its structure. The literary contributions, such
as classical poetry, plays, and treatises on various subjects, have influenced global art
and culture.
Contemporary Relevance
In today's fast-paced, technologically driven world, the Indian Knowledge System has
become more relevant than ever. The current global challenges of climate change, mental
health crises, and the need for ethical leadership can find guidance in the time-tested
principles of IKS:
Sustainability: Traditional Indian practices offer solutions for sustainable agriculture,
water management, and ecological preservation.
Health and Well-being: The systems of Ayurveda and Yoga are increasingly
recognized for their holistic approach to physical and mental health.
Ethics and Philosophy: In a world grappling with ethical dilemmas, the moral and
philosophical teachings of IKS offer guidance on living a life of balance, compassion,
and harmony.
Conclusion
The Indian Knowledge System is not just a relic of the past but a living tradition that
continues to provide valuable insights for the present and future. By integrating this
knowledge into modern education, science, and policy-making, India and the world can
benefit from its holistic and sustainable approaches to life. The revival and study of IKS are
crucial for preserving cultural heritage and offering alternative solutions to contemporary
global challenges.
