MIDTERM EXAM

ABE 122
October 2024

SET 1
1. Horizontal projection of an area containing a natural waterway bounded by an arbitrarily
selected outlet and by ridges, summits and hydraulic boundaries such that precipitation falling
onto this area is trapped within and consequently discharged through the outlet is called:
a) watershed b) topographic map c) river basin d) d and b e) a and c
2. The estimation of the likelihood of occurrence of an event by determining the frequency curve
of best fit to samples of hydrologic data is called
a) double mass analysis b) risk analysis c) frequency analysis d)normal-ratio method
3. If the probability that an annual rainfall of 3,000 mm will be equaled or exceeded is 4%, the
return
period is a) 10 years b) 15 years c) 20 years d) 25 years
4. The peak runoff in a watershed has a mean of 540 m 3/s and a standard deviation of 125 m 3/s. If
the sample data is normally distributed, the magnitude of runoff corresponding to a probability
of exceedence of 16 % is a) 415 m3/s b) 540 m3/s c) 665 m3/s d) 86 .4 m3/s
5. A culvert has been designed for a flood discharge with a return period of 50 years. The risk that
the culvert will experience the design flood one or more times in 100 years is
a) 70% b) 78% c) 80% d) 87% e) 90%
6. The maximum rate of infiltration for a given soil under a given soil moisture condition at any
given
instant is called
a) infiltration rate b) infiltration capacity c) saturated hydraulic conductivity d) initial infiltration
capacity
7. The infiltration equation that provides a defined value of infiltration capacity at all instants is
called a) Lewis-Kostiakov b) Horton c) Philip d) Green-Ampt
8. Infiltration equation that relates infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration is
a) Lewis-Kostiakov b) Horton c) Philip d) Green-Ampt
9. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9t
where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 30 minutes is
a) 4.0 mm b) 4.4 mm c) 4.6 mm d) 5.0 mm
10. The time required for the most remote point in the watershed to reach the outlet is called a)
time to peak b) time of concentration c) duration of excess rainfall d) travel time
11. The peak runoff in a 10 ha-watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr and a
runoff coefficient of 0.8 is a) 1.1 m3/s b) 2.1 m3/s c) 3.1 m3/s d) 4.1 m3/s
12. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be obliterated by tillage
operations is called a) sheet b) rill c) interrill d) gully
13. The energy of rainfall that induces erosion is called
a) rainfall intensity b) erosivity c) erodibility d) raindrop erosion
14. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hrs is called
a) runoff coefficient b) drainage coefficient c) discharge coefficient d) maximum observed
rainfall
SET 2
1. The soil property which describes the ability of the soil to transmit water
a. hydraulic conductivity b. percolation rate c. matric potential d. infiltration
rate
2. It is a natural or synthetic hydrograph for one unit of direct runoff from the catchment in a
specified unit of time.
a. basic hydrograph b. design hydrograph c. unit hydrograph d. runoff hydrograph
3. This property of run-off is very useful for flood forecasting. It is the time where the flood flow is
highest.
a. Recession time b. time to lag c. runoff time d. time to peak
4. Removal of soil by water forming small but well defined channels due to the concentration of
overland flow
a. stream channel erosion b. gully erosion c. rill erosion d. sheet erosion
 5. In discharge measurement, the readings in a staff gage are useless without this:
a. synthetic hydrograph b. unit hydrograph c. rating curve d. matching
curve
6. t is the time required for water to flow from the most remote point of the watershed to the
outlet
a. time to peak b. lag time c. recession time d. time of concentration
7. The La Mesa dam reservoir is said to be near the critical level of water shortage. Assuming that it
is already in the critical level, 80m in its monitoring gauge, if the average area of the reservoir
water surface is approximately 5 km2 and if under normal condition 90% of the total rainfall that
falls in the watershed find its way to the reservoir, what amount of rainfall that falls in the
watershed find its way to the reservoir, what amount of rainfall over the watershed is needed to
raise the water level of the reservoir by 2 meters? Watershed area is 2,700 hectares.
a. 494 mm b. 722 mm c. 222 mm d. 889 mm
8. In the Soil Conservation Service Method (Curve Number Method), if the Curve Number is 100,
this indicates that:
a. rainfall = runoff b. rainfall is less than runoff c. runoff = 0 d. rainfall is highly
erosive
9. A storm occurred in two similar watersheds, Gladz, and Karl, both 700 has. in area. Gladz
watershed is long and slender while Karl watershed is short but wide. Which watershed will
experience the earliest and highest peak flow assuming that the rainfall over the watershed is
evenly distributed?
a. Karl b. Gladz c. The same d. Neither Karl nor Gladz
10. In frequency analysis, most hydrologic processes, more or less, follow this process. This process
is governed by chance and time dependent. What type of process is this?
a. Deterministic Process b. Probabilistic Process c. Stochastic Process d. Hydrolistic Process
11. Run-off is produced when this property of the soil surface is exceeded
a. Percolation rate b. Erodibility c. Infiltration rate d. Permeability
12. The capacity of water bodies to cleanse themselves of pollutants over a period of time and/or
stretch
a. stress capacity b. assimilative capacity c. driving capacity d. water holding capacity
13. A flood flow of 560 m 3/s was determined to have a 50% probability of occurrence. What is its
return period?
a. 2 years b. 20 years c. 5 years d. 50 years
14. For a watershed of 360 hectares, the peak run-off rate for a 0.5 cm./hr rain intensity (at the time
of concentration) was observed as 2.5 m3/s. What is the run-off coefficient?
a. 0.5 b. 5.0 c. 0.005 d. 0.05
15. La Mesa watershed having a drainage area of 400 sq. km. has been characterized to have an
average CN value of 65 in 1970 where it experienced a storm depth of 100 mm. After 30 years,
the same storm magnitude was felt but this time, due primarily to a change in land use inside
the watershed, the CN value now is 84. What is the percentage change in the depth of runoff?
a. 133 % b. 41 % c. 80% d. 29%

SET 3

For questions 1-3

Two rivers, Latina and Bisdak, are the main source of water for two different watersheds, each
measuring 8,00 hectares. Both rivers are very much alike. Both also contain water all year round even
during dry seasons. Bisdak river has sinuosity equal to one while that for Latina river is slightly greater
than one. The watershed where Latina drains is elongated and slender, while Bisdak watershed is short
and broad.
1. What type of watershed the Latina and Bisdak rivers drain?
a. small watershed b. medium watershed c. large watershed d. river basin e. micro
watershed
2. Which is the most probable coverage of the watersheds?
a. one municipality b. one province c. one barangay d. one region e. one nation
3. If a similar storm occurred in both watersheds, which will experience the earlier and highest
flow assuming rainfall is evenly distributed?
 a. Bisdak b. Latina c. The same d. Bisdak will experience the earliest while Latina the
highest
e. Latina will experience the earliest while Bisdak the highest.

SET 4

1. is the detachment and transport of soil from the land by water, including runoff from melted
snow and ice.
(a) Nonpoint Pollution/erosion (b) geological erosion (c) erosion from
human
and animal activities (d) water erosion
2. Is the soil detachment and transport from the impact of water drops directly on soil particles or
on thin water surfaces.
(a) raindrop erosion (b) sheet erosion (c) rill erosion (d) gulley erosion
3. The upper part of the soil in cropland is washed away in more or less uniform layer. The process
is slow and unnoticeable but it is treacherously destructive.
(a) raindrop erosion (b) sheet erosion (c) rill erosion (d) gulley erosion
4. The upper part of the soil in cropland is washed away in more or less uniform layer. The process
is slow and unnoticeable but it is treacherously destructive.
(a) raindrop erosion (b) sheet erosion (c) rill erosion (d) gulley erosion
5. The combination of splash and sheet erosion.
(a) raindrop erosion (b) interril erosion (c) rill erosion (d) gulley erosion
6. According to Schwab et. al. A flow of 1.4 m3/s for 30m down a 5-percent slope releases energy
at the rate of over…
(a) 20kW (b) 25kW (c) 15k (d) 26 KW
7. The roughness coefficient is also called
(a) retardance coefficient (b) retard coefficient (c) drainage coefficient (d) rough

8. Factors Influencing the Rate of Infiltration

a) Soil physical characteristics b) Soil cover c) Soil water and temperature
d) Rainfall intensity e) All of the above
9. The amount of precipitation is expressed as the depth in cm, that falls on a surface. If the
precipitation of a certain place is 30 cm, with a runoff of 12 cm, what is the infiltration rate if the
duration of the rainfall is 3 hrs.
a) 6 cm/hr b) 4 cm/hr c) 5 cm/hr d) 8 cm/hr

10. How does a gully develop?

i. stabilization stage
ii. channel erosion by downward scour of the topsoil
iii. healing stage
iv. upward movement of gully head and enlargement of the gully width

a. ii, iv, i, iii b. iv, ii, iii, i

c. ii, iii, iv, I d. ii, iv, iii, I e. iv, ii, i, iii

11. Which does not belong to the group?

a. detention dams b. SWIP c. CIS d. SFR e. reservoir dam

12. conservation structures that can be recommended only in situations where cheap labor and material
can be used.
(a) permanent (b) temporary (c) semi-permanent (d) none of the choices
13. Structures constructed of permanent materials maybe required to control the overfall at the head of
a large gully, to drop the discharge from a vegetated waterway into a drainage ditch, to take up the fall
at various points in any channel, or to provide the discharge through earth fills.
(a) permanent (b) temporary (c) semi-permanent (d) none of the choices