ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

ELEMENTARY DEPARTMENT

SCIENCE 6
2nd Grading
Activity Sheet
#2.3

Topic : CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Date: __________________

Objectives: After learning the contents in this D.L.P, you will be able to do the following:

1. Identify each organ in the Circulatory System.

2. Explain how each organ work together for our Circulatory System to function well.

Hello dedicated learner! How are you today? I am hoping that you are safe and healthy at home.

Enjoy learning our lesson about the Circulatory System!

Directions: Color the different parts of the human heart. Follow the legend in coloring.

LEGEND:

1. Aorta- red
2. Anterior Vena Cava-blue
7
3. Posterior vena cava- blue
4. Right Atrium-brown
5. Left Atrium-brown
12 6. Pulmonary Artery-yellow
4
7. Pulmonary Vein-purple
8. Right Ventricle-red
10
10 9. Left Ventricle-red
10. Atrioventricular valve - brown
11. Septum-pink
12. Semilunar Valve-12

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
CONCEPT NOTE 2.3: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system is responsible for the distribution of nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the
body. It also removes waste materials from the cells. These are made possible through the
coordinated functions of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood.

PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Heart
2.
✓ The Heart is the pumping organ of the
circulatory system.
✓ It is about the size of a clenched fist. It is
located in the chest.
✓ The heart can be considered as the most
hard-working organ of the body.
✓ It started to beat and pump blood when
you were still inside your mother's womb.
It will continue to pump blood every
second of the day throughout your life.

✓ The human heart is divided into four chambers.

✓ The two upper chambers are called atria-consisting of the
left atrium and the right atrium.
✓ The atria serve as collecting chambers. They simply collect
or receive blood coming from the lungs and the other
parts of the body.
✓ The two lower chambers are called ventricles-the right
and left ventricles.
✓ The ventricles are considered the pumping chambers.
They make sure that blood flows around the body
continuously.
✓ The upper chambers are separated from the lower
chambers by the atrioventricular valves which make sure
that blood flows only in one direction.

Deoxygenated blood travels through the right chambers of the heart. This blood lacks oxygen but is
rich in carbon dioxide. It comes from the different body parts and collected in the right atrium. Then, it
is pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs.

On the other hand, oxygenated or oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs travels through the left
chambers of the heart. It is collected in the left atrium then it passes through the left ventricle to be
pumped to the different body parts. The left chambers are separated from the right chambers by a
structure called septum. This structure prevents the deoxygenated blood from mixing with the
oxygenated blood.

2. Blood Vessels

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
Blood vessels are tube like structures that carry blood from the different parts of the body to the heart,
and from the heart back to all parts of the body. There are three kinds of blood vessels-the arteries,
veins, and capillaries.

➢ Arteries

The arteries are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. They are deeply buried in the
body. This is to protect them from injury.

Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls. When the heart contracts, blood is forced at high
pressure in the arteries. The thick, elastic walls prevent them from bursting.

The major artery in the body is called the aorta. It is located near the heart. It receives oxygenated
blood to be circulated to the different body parts.

➢ Capillaries

From the arteries, the blood is forced through the capillaries. The capillaries are very tiny, microscopic
blood vessels which are found in every organ of the body. They connect the arteries to the veins.

The capillaries have very thin walls. Their walls have only one layer of cells. They allow the blood to
exchange substances with the tissue cells. Oxygen and glucose are transferred from the capillaries to
the tissue cells. Waste products, like carbon dioxide, are transferred from the tissue cells to the
capillaries.

➢ Veins

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. As blood passes through with the different
body organs, it loses Much of its pressure. By the time the blood enters the vein, the blood pressure is
relatively low. This explains why veins have thinner walls compared to the arteries.

The two major veins are the superior and inferior Venna cavae. The superior venna cava receives and
carries blood coming from the upper part of the body, such as the head to the heart. The inferior venna
cava, on the other hand, receives and carries blood coming from the lower part of the body, such as
the legs and the feet to the heart.

3. Blood

Blood is considered as the red river of life, primarily because it is red in color, flows through the blood
vessels, and keeps humans alive. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and other materials needed by the
body cells. It also transports carbon dioxide and waste materials out of the body tissue. It also carries
anti-bodies and other materials that help fight against disease causing microorganisms that invade
the body. Blood is a fluid and it contains cells. Therefore, it is called a fluid tissue. It consists of four
components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
➢ Plasma

Plasma is the liquid component of the blood. This pale yellowish liquid makes up 55% Of the blood.
It contains 92% water; 7% proteins such as albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen; and 1% dissolved
nutrients, hormones, and zymes, and mineral salts.

➢ Blood Cells
Blood cells are the solid components of the blood that are suspended in the plasma. They are the
red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. All together they make up 45% of
the blood.
o Red blood cells
✓ The RBCs are also called erythrocytes. They are the most abundant blood cells in the
body. When viewed under the microscope, they look like tiny donuts that are thin out at
the center. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrows of long bone such as the
thigh bones. Each RBC contains around 200 million molecules of hemoglobin-a protein
substance that contains iron which is responsible for picking up oxygen. The main function
of RBCs is to deliver oxygen throughout the body and to pick up carbon dioxide. As blood
passes through the lungs, oxygen molecules attached to the hemoglobin, producing
Oxyhemoglobin. As the oxygenated blood passes through the body tissues, the
hemoglobin releases the oxygen to the cells and then it bonds with carbon dioxide to be
transported away from the cells. The hemoglobin gives the RBCs a reddish color.
✓ The red blood cells of humans and other mammals do not have a nucleus. The RBCs have
a lifespan of 120 days. However, they remain in the bloodstream for 10 to 25 days only.
They are destroyed in the spleen and are buried in the liver. In the liver, iron is removed
and returned in the bone marrow where it is used again in the production of new RBCs.
o White blood cells
✓ The WBCs or leukocytes are considered the "soldiers of the body". Their function is to
protect the body from disease causing microorganisms, such as bacteria, that invade
the body.
✓ Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. They are few were in
number compared to RBCs. However, when the body is infected by microorganisms, the
WBCs multiply a number in order to protect the body from infection.
✓ White blood cells are actually colorless and jelly like. They do not have a definite shape.
They can move about and Sam can squeeze through the cells in the walls of the blood
capillaries. Each white blood cells as a nucleus.

There are two main types of white blood cells which protect the body from disease causing
germs:
1. White blood cells that produce anti-bodies are called lymphocytes. Anti-bodies destroy
bacteria and viruses that enter the body.
2. Another type of white blood cell is called phagocytes, can engulf and ingest germs like
bacteria that enter the bloodstream.

o Platelets
✓ Platelets or thrombocytes are tiny, colorless cell fragments that are smaller than RBCs.
They are produced in the bone marrow. They contain an enzyme that can make the
blood clot.
✓ When skin is one dead or cut, some platelets are broken. An enzyme is released from the
broken platelets. Please enzyme brings about a chemical reaction that causes the blood
to clot. The blood clot seals up the wound or cut, preventing excessive loss of blood. By
sealing up the skin, platelets also prevent disease causing germs from getting into the
body.

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
 BLOOD CRICULATIONS

The movement of the blood around the body can be described into two interconnected ways or
circuits- the pulmonary circulation in the systemic circulation. Both of these types of circulation begin
from the heart.

1. Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary circulation is the flow of the blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart. This
type of circulation makes it possible for the blood to release its carbon dioxide content in the lungs and
get a fresh supply of oxygen.

Deoxygenated blood coming from all parts of the body enters the right atrium through the superior
and inferior venna cavae. As the ventricle relaxes, the atrioventricular Valve opens and allows blood
from the right atrium to flow to the right ventricle.

When the ventricle contracts, the atrioventricular valve closes and prevents the blood from flowing
backwards. Deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle is pushed out and travels through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs. In the lungs, exchange of materials takes place. Carbon dioxide is released by the
red blood cells and a fresh supply of oxygen is picked up. This oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs
through the pulmonary veins to flow back to the heart and is receive in the left atrium.

2. Systemic Circulation
✓ Systemic circulation is the movement of
oxygenated blood from the heart to the
different body parts, and the movement of
the oxygenated blood from the different
parts of the body back to the heart.
✓ Keep In mind that blood becomes
oxygenated after it goes to the longs to get
a fresh supply of oxygen.
✓ From the left atrium, deoxygenated blood is
pushed to the left ventricle. From the left
ventricle, oxygenated blood is pumped out
of the heart passing through the Aorta. This
blood goes to the different body parts
through the arterioles, Then to the capillaries
we're extra inch of materials takes place.
Oxygen is released and carbon dioxide is
picked up. Deoxygenated blood then flows
through the capillaries where it drains to the
smaller veins called venules, then to the
superior and inferior Venna cavae Before it
goes to the right atrium of the heart.

Other than the two main types of blood circulation, there are also other types of circulation that are
responsible for providing nutrients and removing waste materials from important organs of the body
such as the digestive organs, liver, kidneys, and heart. These are the portal, renal, and coronary
circulations.

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
 OTHER TYPES OF BLOOD CIRCULATION

1. Coronary Circulation

The heart is made up of muscle cells. Just like all the cells of the body, these muscle cells also need
oxygen, nutrients, and minerals.

✓ Coronary circulation provides the materials that the heart needs. In this type of blood
circulation, blood flows in the coronary arteries and capillaries in bedded in the heart. Oxygen,
nutrients, and minerals are delivered to the cells, and carbon dioxide and waste materials are
removed. After the exchange of materials, the blood returns to the right atrium of the heart.

2. Portal Circulation
✓ Portal circulation is a special type of blood circulation where blood from arteries goes to the
meet I just of organs to pick up digested food. The digested food is then brought to the liver
Before it finally returns to the heart.

3. Renal Circulation
✓ Renal Circulation is a special type of blood circulation where blood in the capillaries releases its
waste materials such as water and nitrogenous wastes. These materials are then filtered through
the kidneys and passed out as urine.

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
 Activity 2.3 : THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A. Directions: Read and answer each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer. (10 points)
1. What do capillaries connect?
a. Arteries and ventricles c. atria and ventricles
b. Arteries and veins d. veins and platelets
2. What gives blood its red color?
a. Plasma c. platelet
b. B. hemoglobin d. mineral
3. Which of the following statements about the heart is/are true?
I. The heart is a muscular organ.
II. The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
III. The heart is about the size of a clenched fist.
IV. The heart warms the blood before it goes to the lungs.

a. I and II only c. I, II, and III only

b. II and III only d. I, II, III and IV
4. Refer to the circulatory system below. Which of the following options have correctly
labeled the parts I to IV?

I II III IV
A. Aorta Pulmonary Right Left
artery ventricle ventricle
B. Aorta Pulmonary Right Left atrium
artery ventricle
C. Pulmonary Vena cava Right Right
artery ventricle atrium
D. Pulmonary Vena cava Right Left atrium
artery ventricle

5. The diagram on the right shows a human heart. Two graphs are drawn to represent
the amount of gases in the two chambers, X and Y. What could gases in the two
chambers, S and T be?

S T
A. Oxygen Oxygen
B. Oxygen Carbon dioxide
C. Carbon dioxide oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
 6. The diagram on the right shows the movement of blood in the human heart. Based on
the diagram, which one is true about the type of blood found in all parts of the heart?
1 2 3 4
A. Poor in Rich in rich in oxygen poor in
oxygen oxygen oxygen
B. Rich in poor in poor in oxygen rich in
oxygen oxygen oxygen
C. Poor in poor in rich in oxygen rich in
oxygen oxygen oxygen
D. rich in Rich in poor in oxygen poor in
oxygen oxygen oxygen

7. The graph below shows four samples of blood drawn from different blood vessels in a
human body. Which sample is most likely to be drawn from a blood vessel that carries
blood from the lungs to the heart?
a. W
b. X
c. Y
d. Z

8. Which statement best describes what happens when blood is pumped to your lungs?
a. The blood absorbs oxygen from the lungs only.
b. The blood releases carbon dioxide to the lungs only.
c. The blood absorbs carbon dioxide from the lungs and at the same time releases
oxygen to the lungs.
d. The blood absorbs oxygen from the lungs and at the same time, releases carbon
dioxide to the lungs.
9. Refer to the diagram below. The three types of blood vessels, J, K, and L are part of the
human body. Which organ in the human body does L flow back to the next?

a. Lung
b. Brain
c. Heart
d. Stomach

10. Which system in the human body works together with the circulatory system to ensure
that the right gases are circulated around the body?
a. Digestive system c. respiratory system
b. Muscular system d. skeletal system
B. Directions: Read each statement carefully and tell whether it is TRUE or FALSE. (5 points)

______1. The heart is a pumping organ.

The heart is shaped like pear.
The heart is divided into four chambers.
The heart is found in the chest, between the lungs, and more inclined to the left.

______2. The platelets are the soldiers of the body.

The white blood cells are also called thrombocytes.
The red blood cells fight against disease causing microorganisms.
The red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of long bones.

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter
______3. The veins carry blood towards the heart.
The arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The capillaries connect the atria in the ventricles.
The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body.

______4. All arteries carry oxygenated blood.

All veins carry deoxygenated blood.
The arteries are deeply buried in the body.
Oxygenated blood is rich in carbon dioxide.

______5. 55% of the blood consists of plasma.

45% of the blood consists of blood cells.
The blood is considered as the red river of life.
The blood has both liquid and solid components.

C. Directions: Refer to the diagram below, then answer the questions that follow.
The figure shows the cross-section of a heart.

Questions:

1.Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and which side carries
deoxygenated blood?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. How would you trace the flow of the blood into and out of the heart? Refer to the
figure above. The starting letter has been put in to help you.

H – _____ - ______ - ______ - _______ - ________ - _______ - ________

3. The heart muscles are always contracting and relaxing. What happens when the
lower chambers of the heart contract?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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Circulatory System |2nd Quarter