AS Level
Basic Understanding
SESSION 2 - 4 AUGUST 2023
Key Concepts
01 Context
Setting (time, place) and overall
background
05 Structure
The way the text is organised
02 Audience
The reader(s) or the listener(s) 07 Language
How the words in the text are
presented
03 Purpose
The reason why the text is written 08 Tone or Mood
Refers to the feeling the words invoke
in the reader
04 Form
Overall presentation of the text 09 Voice & Viewpoint
Variation in how ideas are expressed
Form (1)
The form of a text is related to the text types.
The text types are broken into 3 genre:
Narrative/Fiction, Non-fiction, and Poetry
Form (2)
Other features of form
Structure
Generic structure of a text is usually divided into
BEGINNING
MIDDLE
END
Structure (2)
Language
Literary Devices
Including word choices, parts of speech, and how the words are used to make sentences, or
paragraph. Example: noun, verb, adjective, etc
Sentence Variety and Grammar
How the sentences are varied in length, type, and style. Example: simple sentences, compound
sentences, complex sentences, English tenses
Figurative Descriptions
Using words or phrases for effect, humorous, or exaggeration purposes, instead of their literal
meaning
LANGUAGE
Figurative Descriptions
Comparative Contrasting Sonic devices Imagery
devices devices
Simile Contrast Alliteration Diction
Metaphor Antithesis Assonance Sensory imagery
Analogy Paradox Consonance Kinaesthetic imagery
Personification Oxymoron Onomatopoeia Organic imagery
Hyperbole etc etc
etc
Tone or Mood
Refers to either the mood implied by an author's language and word choice, or to the way that the
text can make a reader feel
Voice and Viewpoint
Voice Viewpoint
Texts have their own voices. The perspective of the writer
These may be linked to the or narrator on what happens
writer, or the distinctive voice
of the character or narrator
Voice & Viewpoint in text
How can we use all those
elements to analyze text?
