Question 1.
% The range for x
x = (1:1:10);
% 1. Plot y = 2x.^3 - 4
y = 2*x.^3 - 4;
figure;
plot(x, y, 'g*:');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
subtitle('Plot of y = 2x.^3 - 4');
grid on;
% Plot z = x + 1
z = x + 1;
figure;
plot(x, z, 'g*:');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
title('Plot of z = x + 1');
grid on;
% Plot w = 2 - sqrt(x)
w = 2 - sqrt(x);
figure;
plot(x, w, 'g*:');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
title('Plot of w = 2 - sqrt(x)');
grid on;
% Plot v = x.^2 + 3
v = x.^2 + 3;
figure;
plot(x, v, 'g*:');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
title('Plot of v = x.^2 + 3');
grid on;
Question 2.
M = [0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3;0.2 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3;0.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.4;0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9;0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8];
% i.Use the mesh command
figure;
mesh(M);
% ii.Use the surf command
figure;
surf(M);
% iii.Use the contour command
figure;
contour(M);
% iv.Use the surfc command
figure;
surfc(M);
Question 3.
% range of x values
x = 1:9;
% Calculate the y values using the function
y = x.^3 - 2;
% Plot the graph
plot(x, y, 'b*:');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
subtitle('Plot of y = x.^3 - 2');
grid on;
Question 4.
% Given data
x = [0.9, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9.5];
y = [0.9, 1.5, 2.5, 5.1, 4.5, 4.9, 6.3];
% Perform polynomial curve fitting
degree = 3; % You can adjust the degree of the polynomial fit
p = polyfit(x, y, degree);
% Generate a finer x range for plotting
x_range = linspace(min(x), max(x), 100);
% Evaluate the polynomial at the finer x range
y_fit = polyval(p, x_range);
% Plot the original data and the fitted curve
plot(x, y, 'bo', x_range, y_fit, 'black-');
subtitle('Polynomial Curve Fitting');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
legend('Original Data', 'Fitted Curve', 'Location', 'best');
grid on;
Question 5.
A = [2 -4 -1 3 -1;1 1 -2 0 1;-1 -3 0 1 3;3 -1 -1 4 -1;1 1 -1 2 0];
B = [3; 6; -4; 1; 5];
% Solve the linear system Ax = B using backslash operator
c = A\B;
% Display the solution
disp('The roots are:');
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(c(1))]);
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(c(2))]);
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(c(3))]);
disp(['x4 = ', num2str(c(4))]);
disp(['x5 = ', num2str(c(5))]);
Question 6.
% Plot the function
x = [0:0.5:4];
y = x.^3 - 6*x.^2 + 11*x - 6.1;
plot(x, y,'b*:');
xlabel('x')
ylabel('f(x)')
suptitle('Graph of x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6.1');
grid on
% Define the function and its derivative
f = @(x) x.^3 - 6*x.^2 + 11*x - 6.1;
df = @(x) 3*x.^2 - 12*x + 11;
% Initial guess
x0 = 3.5;
% Newton-Raphson method (3 iterations)
disp('Iteration 1:');
x1 = x0 - f(x0)/df(x0);
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(x1)]);
disp('Iteration 2:');
x2 = x1 - f(x1)/df(x1);
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(x2)]);
disp('Iteration 3:');
x3 = x2 - f(x2)/df(x2);
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(x3)]);
% Display the final result
disp('The roots of the equation are:');
disp(['The highest real root is: ', num2str(x3)]);
% Define the function
f = @(x) x.^3 - 6*x.^2 + 11*x - 6.1;
% Initial guesses
xi = 2.5;
disp(['xi = ', num2str(xi)]);
x1 = 3.5;
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(x1)]);
% Secant method (3 iterations)
disp('Iteration 1:');
x2 = x1 - f(x1)*(x1 - xi)/(f(x1) - f(xi));
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(x2)]);
disp('Iteration 2:');
x3 = x2 - f(x2)*(x2 - x1)/(f(x2) - f(x1));
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(x3)]);
disp('Iteration 3:');
x4 = x3 - f(x3)*(x3 - x2)/(f(x3) - f(x2));
disp(['x4 = ', num2str(x4)]);
% Display the final result
disp('The roots of the equation are:');
disp(['The highest real root is: ', num2str(x4)]);
% Define the function and its derivative
f = @(x) x.^3 - 6*x.^2 + 11*x - 6.1;
df = @(x) 3*x.^2 - 12*x + 11;
% Initial guess and delta
x0 = 3.5;
delta = 0.01;
% Modified secant method (3 iterations)
disp('Iteration 1:');
x1 = x0 - f(x0)/df(x0 + delta);
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(x1)]);
disp('Iteration 2:');
x2 = x1 - f(x1)/df(x1 + delta);
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(x2)]);
disp('Iteration 3:');
x3 = x2 - f(x2)/df(x2 + delta);
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(x3)]);
% Display the final result
disp('The roots of the equation are:');
disp(['The highest real root is: ', num2str(x3)]);
coefficients = [1 -6 11 -6.1];
roots(coefficients)
Question 7.
A = [0 2 5; 2 1 1; 3 1 0];
b = [1; 1; 2];
% (a) Compute the determinant
det_A = det(A);
disp('The determinant of the coefficient matrix is:');
disp(det_A);
% (b) Use Cramer's rule to solve for the x's
x1 = det([b A(:,2:3)]) / det_A;
x2 = det([A(:,1) b A(:,3)]) / det_A;
x3 = det([A(:,1:2) b]) / det_A;
disp('The solution using Cramer''s rule:');
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(x1)]);
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(x2)]);
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(x3)]);
% (c) Use Gauss elimination with partial pivoting to solve for the x's
[L, U, P] = lu(A);
y = P * b;
x = U \ (L \ y);
disp('The solution using Gauss elimination with partial pivoting:');
disp(['x1 = ', num2str(x(1))]);
disp(['x2 = ', num2str(x(2))]);
disp(['x3 = ', num2str(x(3))]);
% Verify the determinant value
det_A_new = det(A);
disp('The determinant of the coefficient matrix (using Gauss elimination):');
disp(det_A_new);
% (d) Substitute the results back into the original equations
eq1 = 2 * x(2) + 5 * x(3);
eq2 = 2 * x(1) + x(2) + x(3);
eq3 = 3 * x(1) + x(2);
disp('Verification of the solution:');
disp(['Equation 1: ', num2str(eq1)]);
disp(['Equation 2: ', num2str(eq2)]);
disp(['Equation 3: ', num2str(eq3)]);
Question 8.
c=[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
A=[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; % Ax + AD = 0
1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; % Ay + AB = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3/5, 0, 0, 0, 0; % 74 + BC + 3/5 BD = 0
-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -4/5, 0, 0, 0, 0; % -AB - 4/5 BD = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 3/5, 0, 0; % -BC + 3/5 CE = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -4/5, 0, 0; % -24 - CD - 4/5 CE = 0
0, 0, -1, 0, 0, -3/5, 0, 0, 1, 0; % -AD + DE - 3/5 BD = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4/5, 1, 0, 0, 0; % CD + 4/5 BD = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -3/5, -1, 0; % -DE - 3/5 CE = 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4/5, 0, 1; % Ey + 4/5 CE = 0
];
b=[
0; % Ax + AD = 0
0; % Ay + AB = 0
-74; % 74 + BC + 3/5 BD = 0
0; % -AB - 4/5 BD = 0
0; % -BC + 3/5 CE = 0
-24; % -24 - CD - 4/5 CE = 0
0; % -AD + DE - 3/5 BD = 0
0; % CD + 4/5 BD = 0
0; % -DE - 3/5 CE = 0
0; % Ey + 4/5 CE = 0
];
% Solve the system of equations
x = A \ b;
% Display the results
AB = x(1);
AD = x(2);
Ax = x(3);
Ay = x(4);
BC = x(5);
BD = x(6);
CD = x(7);
CE = x(8);
DE = x(9);
Ey = x(10);
fprintf('Ax = %.2f\n', Ax);
fprintf('Ay = %.2f\n', Ay);
fprintf('AD = %.2f\n', AD);
fprintf('AB = %.2f\n', AB);
fprintf('BC = %.2f\n', BC);
fprintf('BD = %.2f\n', BD);
fprintf('CD = %.2f\n', CD);
fprintf('CE = %.2f\n', CE);
fprintf('DE = %.2f\n', DE);
fprintf('Ey = %.2f\n', Ey);
Question 9.
A = [0.52 0.2 0.25;0.3 0.5 0.3;0.18 0.3 0.55];
B = [4800;5800;5700];
x = A\B;
disp('The values are:');
disp(['Pit 1: ' num2str(x(1))]);
disp(['Pit 2: ' num2str(x(2))]);
disp(['Pit 3: ' num2str(x(3))]);
UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NUMERICAL METHODS
Fasika Bekele
Id Number: 40879/13
Submitted To: Lecturer Gizachew D.
