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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

One of the hottest topics related to the recent development of technology is Artificial

Intelligence or AI. After years of building and development, AI finally comes to its most

expected phase where it is finally opened for public access. One of the most notable examples of

this is the release of ChatGPT by OpenAI, a company owned by Tesla’s founder, Elon Musk.

Immediately after ChatGPT, other technology giants also released their own AI products such as

Google with Gemini and Microsoft which released Bing.

Artificial Intelligence introduce first time by McCarthy (2007) in his book What is

Artificial Intelligence who explained that it is the science and engineering of making intelligent

machines, especially intelligent computer programs. Although computer programs are very fast

and have a lot of memory, their capabilities are limited by the intellectual mechanisms that

programmers are sufficiently knowledgeable about to incorporate into their designs. It will make

peoples job and task easier than before.

As a result of advancements in computer and information transmission technologies over

(in Chen et al., 2020)
time, artificial intelligence has emerged. Other define from Coppin ,

Artificial intelligence as a machine's ability to respond to new events, manage unexpected

scenarios, solve problems, offer solutions, make plans, and do a range of other jobs requiring a
(in Fauziah & Minarti, 2023)
level of intelligence often displayed by humans. Then Boden

proposes four definitions of artificial intelligence: the first is acting human-like (AI can interact

with humans); the second is thinking human-like (AI mimics human thought processes within
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programs); the third is thinking rationally (AI can represent and reason about a wide range of

topics); and the fourth is acting rationally (AI tries to create a system that acts to achieve goals).

Artificial intelligence (AI) in education have received a lot of attention and become viral in

the last couple of years. Several studies have been carried out investigating how technology of

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can affect the language learning process, especially English language.
(2021)
Research by Dewi et al the research reported that AI technology in learning has impact on

a human's language quality. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used by students to help them

understand complex words, build sentences, enhance their writing and listening skills, and

acquire other language skills through apps, websites, and other resources. In order to improve

performance and creativity, educational institutions should give careful consideration to the
(2023)
advancement of AI-based learning. In other hand, Afrita found that AI has great potential

to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the education system. Some types of AI that can

be used in education include chatbots, AI tutor systems, student engagement analysis systems,

and plagiarism detection systems.

Artificial intelligence was designed with one major characteristic: it mimics the way of
(2018)
human thinking. The result is impressive as AI comes with many great features. Ertel

stated with AI, the human-machine interaction becomes smarter, easier and more intuitive. This

kind of machine behave like person and showing intelligent behavior.

For instance, the bot implemented in Chat GPT can provide real-time information in the

form of natural conversation, so it gives the feel of talking to a smart person, a person who

knows everything. This bot can also generate text-based output based on specific commands, and
(Ng, 2016)
even write programming code . So this tool will help many people to support and

make the job or task more easier than before. While AI technologies can rise educational
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opportunities and accelerate academic development, they also possess the potential to undermine

the ideals of authenticity and integrity which are at the core of education, Mohammad Karimi
(2023)
stated that academic writing is now seen differently because of the massive use of AI

technologies in education.

This is also the reason why AI has become very popular in many ways, include in the

academic setting. AI is used by teachers and students to assist them in the learning and teaching

activities. It can be utilized to find sources of information and references needed by the students

to make their academic assignments. For the teachers, AI can be used to sort information to help

them organize and evaluate assignments. Others use automated text analysis to explore students’
(Mcmurtrie, 2018)
writing and fashion relevant prompts .

On the other side, the use of AI technology and all the amazing abilities it possesses raised

several problems, which are generally related to academic ethics. For instance, the ability of AI

to generate written text made the students unmotivated to create their own writing because they
(Mikolosko, 2023)
think AI can do that for them . The next problem comes because teachers

generally have no idea how to identify if the writing was AI-generated text or they were
(Pokrivcakova, 2019)
genuinely written by the students themselves .

The next problem comes because teachers generally have no idea how to identify if the

writing was AI-generated text or they were genuinely written by the students themselves.

Teachers become lost track of how far their students have developed their writing skill because

with AI, their skill becomes surprisingly increased, not only in the term of creativity (their ideas

and how they organize them) but also technical ability such as the word usage and so on.

Research indicates that teacher raters can be trained to recognize more accurate AI-generated
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text, but overall accuracy stays below what is considered appropriate for high-stakes assessments
(Yan et al., 2023)
in education .

The descriptions above are the reasons why it is important to carry out deeper investigation

related to the use of AI technology in the academic setting; not only to discover its potential as a

learning tools used to improve the quality of teaching and learning process, but also to raise

awareness about the possible threats in its usage, for the goals of the education itself.

B. Research Gap

Several studies have been carried out to obtain deeper understanding about the application
(2023)
of AI technology in academic setting, the research conducted by Yan et al. , which

examined the Detection of AI-Generated Essays in Writing Assessment. However, there is a gap

left by this research because it does not mention the ability of teachers to detect AI-generated

writing.

Other research carried out by Hartono et al (2023) the result of this research left

unanswered question gap because it does not given solution to negative AI’s on English learning,

especially of students creative thinking on writing text. The current study will try to fill the gap

by focusing on the Teachers Ability to Distinguish Students writing using Artificial Intelligence

C. Research Questions

The main goal of this research is to investigate the application of AI in teaching English

learning especially in writing; hence the problem statements are formulated as follows:

1. To what extent do the teachers distinguish students’ writing using AI at SMAN 11 Pangkep?

2. How does the teacher distinguish students’ writing using AI at SMAN 11 Pangkep?
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D. Research Objective

In line with the problem statements, the objectives of this research are:

1. To confirm how far the teacher can distinguish students writing ability, through AI or

genuinely written by them.

2. To know how the teacher distinguishes students’ writing using AI

3. To discover the challenge and opportunity faced by English language teacher in the era of

AI technology.

E. Research Significances

The findings of this research are expected to be useful both practically and theoretically

for further development of English teaching, especially in the time when technology like

artificial intelligence has been largely used in educational context, along with benefits and threats

it carries.

Theoretically, this research is expected to enrich the insight about how AI technology can

enlarge the opportunity of learning, in this case, how AI can be used by the student to help

increase their self-confident and creativity in writing without cheating.

Practically, this research hopefully will be a valuable contribution for both lecturer and

students at the classroom level, regarding the possibility of technology utilization to support the

learning. This research is expected to gain more attention from the teacher as it shows that

technology, especially artificial intelligence not only beneficial as learning tool, but it also

carries some challenges related to the academic ethic, particularly using AI to generate creative

writing.
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Hopefully, this research will also be useful as a reference and will provide adequate

information for further study on the corresponding topic.

F. Research Scope

By discipline, this research is under applied linguistics. By content, it focuses on the use

of AI in writing. By activity, the lecturer will try to distinguish if a writing was created genuinely

by students, or if it was AI generated. By location, this research will be conducted in SMAN 11

Pangkep have already implemented digital based learning