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Linear Regression

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10 views5 pages

Linear Regression

Uploaded by

srujalprusty555
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Regression

The term regression is used when you try to find the relationship between variables.

In Machine Learning, and in statistical modeling, that relationship is used to predict the outcome
of future events.

Linear Regression
Linear regression uses the relationship between the data-points to draw a straight line through all
them.

This line can be used to predict future values.

In Machine Learning, predicting the future is very important.


How Does it Work?
Python has methods for finding a relationship between data-points and to draw a line of linear
regression. We will show you how to use these methods instead of going through the mathematic
formula.

In the example below, the x-axis represents age, and the y-axis represents speed. We have
registered the age and speed of 13 cars as they were passing a tollbooth. Let us see if the data we
collected could be used in a linear regression:

Example
Start by drawing a scatter plot:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6]
y = [99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86]

plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()

Result:
Run example »

Example
Import scipy and draw the line of Linear Regression:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


from scipy import stats

x = [5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6]
y = [99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86]

slope, intercept, r, p, std_err = stats.linregress(x, y)

def myfunc(x):
return slope * x + intercept

mymodel = list(map(myfunc, x))

plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.plot(x, mymodel)
plt.show()
Result:

Run example »

Example Explained
Import the modules you need.

You can learn about the Matplotlib module in our Matplotlib Tutorial.

You can learn about the SciPy module in our SciPy Tutorial.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


from scipy import stats

Create the arrays that represent the values of the x and y axis:

x = [5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6]
y = [99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86]

Execute a method that returns some important key values of Linear Regression:

slope, intercept, r, p, std_err = stats.linregress(x, y)


Create a function that uses the slope and intercept values to return a new value. This new
value represents where on the y-axis the corresponding x value will be placed:

def myfunc(x):
return slope * x + intercept

Run each value of the x array through the function. This will result in a new array with new
values for the y-axis:

mymodel = list(map(myfunc, x))

Draw the original scatter plot:

plt.scatter(x, y)

Draw the line of linear regression:

plt.plot(x, mymodel)

Display the diagram:

plt.show()

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