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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2020

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
(EXEMPLAR)

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

*IAGRSE2*

This question paper consists of 15 pages.

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2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and

SECTION B.

2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in

this question paper.

5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

6. Show ALL your calculations, including formulae, where applicable.

7. Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write ONLY the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 D.

1.1.1 … is an example of a micro-element.

A Molybdenum
B Nitrogen
C Potassium
D Sulphur

1.1.2 The following occur during the light phase of photosynthesis,

except …

A photolysis.
B formation of ATP.
C formation of a carbohydrate.
D formation of reduced coenzymes.

1.1.3 When storing farm manure, prevention of volatilisation is important

because …

A volatilisation results in leaching of nutrients.

B volatilisation causes the loss of nitrogen in the form a gas.
C volatilisation might lead to soil pollution.
D volatilisation results in the infection of manure by pathogens.

1.1.4 The … is a non-sexual part of a flower.

A stamen
B pistil
C calyx
D stigma

1.1.5 Multiple fruits are fruits that …

A develop from several ovaries in a single flower.

B develop from several ovaries of an inflorescence.
C develop from a single ovary that has one or more pistils.
D develop from a ripened fruit and some other parts of the
flower.

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1.1.6 The following are characteristics of wind-pollinated plants:

(i) Produce large amounts of sticky pollen

(ii) They usually lack insect attracting smells
(iii) They have small, hidden stigmas
(iv) The flowers are small and densely packed

Choose the CORRECT combination:

A (i) and (ii)

B (i), (iii) and (iv)
C (i), (ii) and (iv)
D (ii), (iii) and (iv)

1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is NOT an advantage of crop rotation?

A Decreases the number of harmful insect species

B Improves soil structure
C Needs a workforce with a variety of skills
D Prevents nutrient imbalances

1.1.8 The picture below shows the … irrigation system.

A centre pivot
B drip
C flood
D micro-spray

1.1.9 … is an example of a marine species.

A African catfish
B Tilapia
C Brown trout
D Abalone

1.1.10 … is NOT a type of conservation tillage.

A Strip tillage
B No tillage
C Mulching
D Bare tillage (10 x 2) (20)

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1.2 Choose a term/phrase from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A.

Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question numbers (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 The movement of materials from A fallow
leaves to other tissues throughout
the plant

1.2.2 Calcium sulphate B biotechnology

1.2.3 Contaminated by a pathogenic C genetic engineering

micro-organism or agent

1.2.4 A branch/study field of biology that D transpiration

uses living processes, organisms
or systems to manufacture
products

1.2.5 Land ploughed but not planted E gypsum

F infected

G calcitic lime

H translocation
(5 x 2) (10)

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1.3 Give ONE word/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write ONLY
the word/phrase next to the question numbers (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER
BOOK.

1.3.1 The suction force which aids in drawing water upwards from the
roots to the leaves

1.3.2 Material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to

plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients

1.3.3 Transfer of ripe pollen grains from anthers to stigmas

1.3.4 A broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic

control of pests

1.3.5 A structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material
in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown
(5 x 2) (10)

1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to

make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers in
the ANSWER BOOK.

1.4.1 Osmosis is the movement of a substance from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration

1.4.2 Fruit setting is the process by which an organism grows from a seed

1.4.3 The practice of planting only one crop in the same place year after
year is referred to as crop rotation

1.4.4 Hydroponics is the farming of marine and freshwater aquatic

organisms

1.4.5 Soil classification aims to produce a soil map that shows the
different types of soil in a farming area (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B
QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)

Start this question on a NEW page.

2.1 Analyse the chemical reaction below and answer the questions which follow.

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

B

2.1.1 Identify the process represented by the chemical equation above. (1)

2.1.2 Name the compound B in the equation above. (1)

2.1.3 Give TWO organs in plants where the compound B can be found. (2)

2.1.4 Suggest TWO methods farmers can use to speed up the process
represented by the equation above. (2)

2.2 Below is a picture of a desert plant.

2.2.1 Give TWO important functions of water in the plant above. (2)

2.2.2 Identify THREE adaptations visible on the plant above to reduce

water loss. (3)

2.2.3 Deduce TWO consequences of lack of such adaptations by plants. (2)

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2.3 Below is a picture of a fertiliser.

2.3.1 Classify the fertiliser above. (1)

2.3.2 Give TWO examples of phosphorus fertilisers. (2)

2.3.3 Calculate the percentage constituted by the element nitrogen in the

bag above. (2)

2.3.4 From the image above, identify features that show the role of the state
in fertiliser production. (2)

2.4 The diagram below shows transport mechanisms in cells.

2.4.1 Identify structure C in the diagram above. (1)

2.4.2 Identify the transport mechanisms A and B in the diagram above. (2)

2.4.3 Give the reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1 above. (2)

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2.5 Use the words in the list below to describe EACH of the definitions which
follow.

fertigation; basal application; top-dressing; broadcasting; band placing; foliar

application

2.5.1 Application of fertiliser at planting (1)

2.5.2 The even distribution of fertiliser over the whole surface of a field (1)

2.5.3 Plant nutrients are dissolved in water and sprayed onto leaves (1)

2.5.4 The adding of fertilisers on one or both sides of a row of plants or

underneath plants (1)

2.5.5 Fertilisers are dissolved in irrigation water and applied using irrigation
infrastructure (1)

2.6 Green manuring is the ploughing under or soil incorporation of any green
manure crops while they are green or soon after they flower. Green manures
are forage or leguminous crops that are grown for their leafy materials needed
for soil conservation.

2.6.1 Deduce an advantage of green manuring from the passage above. (1)

2.6.2 Explain an advantage of using leguminous plants/crops. (2)

2.6.3 Give TWO benefits of green manuring that are not mentioned in the
passage above. (2)
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QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION

Start this question on a NEW page.

3.1 The diagrams below show a method of artificial plant propagation.

3.1.1 Identify the type of plant propagation illustrated above. (1)

3.1.2 Provide labels for A and B in the diagram above. (2)

3.1.3 Give TWO advantages of the plant propagation method in

QUESTION 3.1.1 above. (2)

3.1.4 List TWO examples of fruit trees propagated in South Africa using
the method above. (2)

3.2 In some cases, blossom drop in plants is normal. For instance, male flowers
naturally drop from vegetable plants after a few days. Many vegetables, like
squash, begin producing male flowers as much as two weeks before the
first female flower bloom. That being said, healthy blossoms can suddenly
drop from plants due to inadequate pollination, environmental factors, low
soil fertility and thrips.

3.2.1 Name the phenomenon described in the passage above. (1)

3.2.2 From the passage above, deduce a biological cause of the

phenomenon. (1)

3.2.3 State TWO climatic factors that can lead to the phenomenon in
QUESTION 3.2.1. (2)

3.2.4 For each climatic factor given in QUESTION 3.2.3, suggest an

appropriate method farmer can use to protect their crops. (2)

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3.3 Match plant propagation methods in the pane below with the appropriate plant
in QUESTIONS 3.3.1–3.3.5.

bulbs; stem tubers; cuttings; stolons and rhizomes; runners

3.3.1 Roses (1)

3.3.2 Onions (1)

3.3.3 Potatoes (1)

3.3.4 Ginger (1)

3.3.5 Sweet potatoes (1)

3.4 Read the passage below and answer the questions which follow.

Approximately 99% of soya and 84% of maize grown in this country is GMO.
This means that these food crops have had their natural DNA or their genes
altered with DNA molecules from a different source. This combining of DNA
sets leads to the creation of a new variety of plant or organism, designed to
withstand herbicides that contain the active ingredient glyphosate – a product
that kills all plants that are not genetically modified.

3.4.1 Write down the words represented by the acronym GMO. (1)

3.4.2 Give ONE advantage of GMO technology that is mentioned in the

passage above. (1)

3.4.3 Give TWO other methods of plant improvement apart from the one in
the passage above. (2)

3.5 Read the passage below and answer the questions which follow.

A plant disease is an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrupts

or modifies its vital functions. All species of plants, wild and cultivated alike,
are subject to disease.

3.5.1 Mention TWO environmental conditions that result in rapid

multiplication of plant pathogens. (2)

3.5.2 Name TWO micro-organisms that cause plant diseases. (2)

3.5.3 Describe TWO measures farmers can take to prevent the spread of
plant diseases. (2)

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3.6 The pictures A, B and C below are of common insects found on farms.

A B C

3.6.1 Match the insects A, B and C above with the statements below:

(a) Sap sucking (1)

(b) Chewing (1)

(c) Biological control (1)

3.6.2 Give TWO advantages of using the pest control method in

QUESTION 3.6.1 (c). (2)

3.6.3 Suggest TWO non-chemical methods farmers can use to control

insect pests. (2)
[35]

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QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION

Start this question on a NEW page.

4.1

A B

D C

4.1.1 Identify the drainage layouts A and B. (2)

4.1.2 Give a letter from the diagram in QUESTION 4.1 for the drainage
layout which can be used in the following cases:

(a) Where a piece of land has a clear depression down the middle (1)

(b) Where there are wet patches on the land (1)

(c) On level ground where the land has a slight fall to one side (1)

4.1.3 Mention TWO factors farmers should consider when installing pipe
drainage systems. (2)

4.2 Cultivation, also known as tilling, is the act of digging into or cutting up an
existing soil bed to better prepare it for planting.

4.2.1 Give ONE example of a primary tillage implement. (1)

4.2.2 State the main aim of secondary soil cultivation. (1)

4.2.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary soil cultivation. (2)

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4.3 The instruments below are used by farmers for irrigation scheduling.

A B

4.3.1 Identify instruments A and B above. (2)

4.3.2 Give TWO advantages of irrigation scheduling. (2)

4.3.3 Recommend TWO sources of water farmers can use for irrigating
their crops. (2)

4.4 Read the passage below and answer the questions which follow.

A farmer uses technology that enables him to move from blanket fertilisation
to applying only the fertiliser required for a specific area. It also allows
farmers to compare harvest information and identify poor spots in lands. The
farmer uses GPS, which enables self-steering of tractors and harvesters,
differential fertilisation and the monitoring of production while crops are being
harvested. This allows the farmer to see exactly how much has been
harvested from specific areas in the land.

4.4.1 Identify the farming system described in the scenario above. (1)

4.4.2 Identify a piece of equipment which plays a central role in the farming
system in the scenario above. (1)

4.4.3 From the scenario, deduce TWO advantages of the system. (2)

4.4.4 Recommend TWO other pieces of equipment not mentioned in the

scenario the farmer can use for successful implementation of the
farming system. (2)

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4.5 The graph below shows the response of a farmer’s crops to two watering
regimes: some fields were irrigated while others were watered by the rains.

160

140

120

100
Yield (t)

80
rainfed
60
irrigated
40

20

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year

4.5.1 Translate the information on the graph above into a table. (6)

4.5.2 Name the water delivery method which results in higher yields. (1)

4.5.3 Justify your answer to QUESTION 4.5.2 above. (1)

4.5.4 Predict what could have caused the results obtained in 2012. (2)

4.5.5 Suggest TWO challenges that limit the widespread adoption of

irrigation as opposed to relying on rainfall. (2)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2020

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
(EXEMPLAR)

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 A 99

1.1.2 C 99

1.1.3 B 99

1.1.4 C 99

1.1.5 B 99

1.1.6 C 99

1.1.7 C 99

1.1.8 A 99

1.1.9 D 99

1.1.10 D 99 (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 H 99
1.2.2 E 99
1.2.3 F 99
1.2.4 B 99
1.2.5 A 99 (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull 99

1.3.2 Fertiliser 99
1.3.3 Pollination 99
1.3.4 Integrated Pest Management 99
1.3.5 Green house 99 (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Diffusion 9

1.4.2 Germination 9
1.4.3 Monoculture 9
1.4.4 Aquaculture 9
1.4.5 Survey 9 (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)

2.1 2.1.1 Process represented by the chemical equation

Photosynthesis 9 (1)

2.1.2 Compound B
Glucose 9 (1)

2.1.3 Plant organs where compound B is found

x Leaves 9
x Stems 9
x Roots 9
x Tubers 9
x Bulbs 9 (Any 2) (2)

2.1.4 Methods of speeding up the rate of photosynthesis

x Use of greenhouses 9
x Pruning 9
x Trellising systems 9
x Using optimum plant density 9 (Any 2) (2)

2.2 2.2.1 Functions of water in plants

x Provides mechanical rigidity to cells 9
x Important in chemical reactions 9
x A universal solvent 9
x It serves as a transport medium 9
x Temperature regulation 9 (Any 2) (2)

2.2.2 Adaptation of the plant to reduce transpiration rate

x Leaves are reduced 9
x Photosynthesis occurs on stems 9
x Stems store water 9
x Stems are shiny to reflect heat waves and reduce
transpiration 9 (Any 3) (3)

2.2.3 Consequences of lack of adaptations to reduce water loss

x Plant cannot carry out metabolism due to lack water 9
x Failure to regulate temperature 9
x Failure to transport minerals and products of
photosynthesis 9
x Wilting 9
x Senescence 9 (Any 2) (2)

2.3 2.3.1 Classification of inorganic fertiliser

Inorganic fertiliser 9 (1)

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2.3.2 Examples of phosphorus fertilisers

x Superphosphate / mono-calcium phosphate 9
x Raw/rock phosphate 9 (2)

2.3.3 Percentage nitrogen in a fertiliser bag

N = 280 g/1 000 g x 100 9
= 28% 9 (2)

2.3.4 Evidence of state regulation of fertiliser production

x Registration number 9
x Act number 36 of 1947 9 (2)

2.4 2.4.1 Identification of structure C

Transport protein 9 (1)

2.4.2 Identification of transport mechanisms

A – Passive uptake 9
B – Active uptake 9 (2)

2.4.3 Motivation of answers to QUESTION 2.4.2

x A does not require energy in the form of ATP while in B energy
is required 9
OR
x In A movement is along concentration gradient 9 while in B
movement is against concentration gradient 9 (2)

2.5 2.5.1 Basal application (1)

2.5.2 Broadcasting 9 (1)
2.5.3 Foliar application 9 (1)
2.5.4 Band placing 9 (1)
2.5.5 Fertigation 9 (1)

2.6 2.6.1 Deduction of an advantage of green manuring

Soil conservation 9 (1)

2.6.2 Explanation of the advantage of using leguminous plants

Legumes form a mutually symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing
bacteria, 9 which improve the nitrogen content of the soil. 9

OR

Legumes are rich in proteins 9 upon being ploughed under as green

manures they are decomposed by microbes to nitrogen containing
compounds increasing the soil’s nitrogen content. 9 (2)

2.6.3 Advantages of green manuring

x Reduces soil erosion 9
x Improves soil fertility 9
x Improves soil structure 9 (Any 2) (2)
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QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION

3.1 3.1.1 Name of plant propagation method

Grafting 9 (1)

3.1.2 Labelling
A – scion 9
B – rootstock 9 (2)

3.1.3 Advantages of plant propagation method in QUESTION 3.1.1.

x Fruit trees can be produced with several varieties 9
x The appearance or form of a plant can be changed 9
x An undesirable trait can be corrected 9
x The scion can be grafted onto a healthier rootstock with a more
vigorous root system 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.1.4 Examples of fruit trees propagated using grafting in South

Africa
x Oranges 9
x Lemons 9
x Nartjie 9
x Grapes 9
x Macadamia 9
x Avocado 9
x Nectarines 9
x Apples 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.2 3.2.1 Name of phenomenon described in the passage

Ablactation 9 (1)

3.2.2 Biological cause of ablactation in the passage

Inadequate pollination/thrips 9 (1)

3.2.3 Climatic causes of ablactation

x Frost 9
x Excessive rain 9
x Wind 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.2.4 Methods of protecting crops from climatic factors mentioned

in QUESTION 3.2.3
Frost – tunnels/greenhouses/mulching 9
Excessive rain – greenhouses/tunnels 9
Wind – Shade houses/wind breaks/greenhouses/tunnels 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.3. Matching propagation methods with appropriate plant

3.3.1 cuttings 9 (1)
3.3.2 bulbs 9 (1)
3.3.3 tubers 9 (1)
3.3.4 rhizomes 9 (1)
3.3.5 runners 9 (1)

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3.4 3.4.1 Meaning of acronym GMO

Genetically Modified Organism 9 (1)

3.4.2 Advantage of GM technology mentioned in the passage

Production of herbicide resistant plants 9 (1)

3.4.3 Other methods of plant improvement in addition to GM

technology
x Selection 9
x Hybridisation 9
x Mutation 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.5 3.5.1 Environmental conditions that lead to rapid multiplication of

pathogens
x Monocultures 9
x High planting densities 9
x High humidity 9
x High temperatures 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.5.2 Micro-organisms that cause diseases

x Viruses 9
x Bacteria 9
x Fungi 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.5.3 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases

x Remove all weeds 9
x Avoid overcrowding plants 9
x Use disease resistant varieties 9
x Practise intercropping 9
x Disinfect pruning tools 9
x Practise crop rotation 9 (Any 2) (2)

3.6 3.6.1 Matching insects with the statements given

(a) – A 9
(b) – C 9
(c) – B 9 (3)

3.6.2 Advantages of using the pest control method in

QUESTION 3.6.1. (c)
x Not harmful to the environment 9
x No need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides 9 (2)

3.6.3 Non-chemical pest control methods

x Crop rotation 9
x Biological control 9
x Intercropping 9
x Mechanical control 9
x Burning 9 (Any 2) (2)
[35]

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QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION

4.1 4.1.1 Identification of drainage layouts

A – Grid system 9
B – Herringbone system 9 (2)

4.1.2 Letter for the drainage layout which can be used in the given
cases
(a) B 9
(b) C 9
(c) A 9 (3)

4.1.3 Factors farmers should consider when installing pipe drainage

systems
x Pipe diameter 9
x Depth of drains 9
x Drain slope 9 (Any 2) (2)

4.2 4.2.1 Example of a primary tillage implement

x Plough 9
x Ripper 9 (Any 1) (1)

4.2.2 Main aim of secondary tillage

x To break clumps of soil left by primary tillage implements 9 (1)

4.2.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary cultivation

Primary tillage tends to produce a rough surface finish 9 whereas
secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish. 9 (2)

4.3 4.3.1 Identification of instruments A and B

A – Tensiometer 9
B – Class A evaporation pan 9 (2)

4.3.2 Advantages of irrigation scheduling

x Minimises crop water stress 9
x Reduces the farmer’s cost of water and labour 9
x Minimises waterlogging problems 9
x Increases crop yields and quality 9 (Any 2) (2)

4.3.3 Sources of water for irrigation

x Lakes / dams 9
x Permanent rivers / streams 9
x Aquifers / springs / boreholes 9 (2)

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4.4 4.4.1 Identification of the farming system

Precision farming 9 (1)

4.4.2 Identify a piece of equipment which plays a central role in the

farming system in the scenario
GPS 9 (1)

4.4.3 Deduction of TWO advantages of the system

x Allows the farmer to compare harvest information and identify
poor spots in lands 9
x Allows the farmer to see exactly how much has been harvested
from specific areas in the land 9 (Any 2) (2)

4.4.4 Other pieces of equipment required for successful

implementation of precision farming
x GIS maps 9
x Computers 9
x Satellites 9 (Any 2) (2)

4.5 4.5.1 Table showing the response of a farmer’s crop to two

watering regimes
Maize yield (t)
Year
Rainfed Irrigated
2010 80 90
2011 120 140
2012 80 82
2013 60 80
2014 90 110

Marking checklist
x Title 9
x Units (t) 9
x Correct rainfed yields 9
x Correct irrigated yields 9
x Correct years 9
x Accuracy 9 (6)

4.5.2 Water delivery method which results in higher yields

Irrigation 9 (1)

4.5.3 Justification for answer to QUESTION 4.5.2

Irrigated fields had higher yields than rainfed fields over the
5 years 9 (1)

4.5.4 Prediction of what could have caused the results in 2012

There were sufficient rains in 2012. 9 As a result, there were no
significant differences between irrigated and rainfed fields. 9 (2)

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4.5.5 Challenges that limit the widespread adoption of irrigation

systems
x Lack of water sources 9
x Cost of installation and maintenance of the irrigation
systems 9
x Lack of knowledge required to run and maintain the irrigation
systems 9 (Any 2) (2)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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