Management of
Patient with
Oncologic Disorders
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
DR. PHOEBE KATES O. MONTERDE, RMT, MD
ONCOLOGY
● ONCOLOGY
○ A branch of medicine dealing with tumors
● Cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells
● Oncology nursing is also called cancer nursing
● ONCOLOGY: ONCO- Mass
● NEOPLASM: NEO-new PLASM- form
Terminologies/Cellular Adaptations
● ANAPLASIA:
○ Cells that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and
organization with respect to their cells or origin, usually , anaplastic cells
are malignant.
● ATROPHY:
○ Reduction of number and size of the parenchymal cells of an organ or its
parts which was omve norma; is called atrophy
Terminologies/Cellular Adaptations
● NEOPLASIA
○ New growth
○ Abnormal proliferation of cells in
tissue or organs
● DYSPLASIA
○ Any of various types of abnormal
growth or development of cells (
microscopic scale) and or organs (
macroscopic scale)
Terminologies/Cellular Adaptations
● HYPERPLASIA
○ Increase in the number of cells of a
tissue
○ Most often associated with periods of
rapid body growth
● HYPERTROPHY
○ Increase in cell size
○ As in weight training and steroid
therapy
○
Terminologies/Cellular Adaptations
● METAPLASIA
○ Conversion of one cell type of
mature cell into another type of
cell
● METASTASIS
○ Spread of cancer cells from the
Primary tumor to distant sites
○
TUMOR CLASSIFICATION
● BENIGN:
○ Cells grow as a compact mass and
remain at thor site of origin
● MALIGNANT:
○ Growth of cells is uncontrolled
○ Cells can spread into the
surrounding tissue and spread to
distant sites
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BENIGN
AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASM
● CARCINOMA “IN SITU”
○ Cancer in place, cells have lost their tissue identity, growth is rapid and
without regulation, however remains localized
● SARCOMA
○ Cancer that affect connective supportive and soft tissue ( Bone, cartilage,
muscle or fat)
● OSTEOSARCOMA
○ Bone
● CHONDROSARCOMA
○ Cartilage
● LEIOMYOSARCOMA
○ Smooth muscle
● ADENOMA
○ Collection of growth of glandular in origin, benign
● ADENOCARCINOMA
○ May become malignant
● LEUKAEMIA
○ Malignancy of lymphoid tissues
● LYMPHOMA
○ Malignancy of wbc
Pathophysiology with cancer cells
● Disease process that begins when an abnormal cells is transformed by the
genetic mutation of the cellulite DNA.
● This abnormal cell form a clone and begins to proliferate
● Ignoring growth- regulating signals in the environment surrounding the cell.
● The cells require invasive characteristics, and changes occur in surrounding
tissues. The cells infiltrate these tissues and gain access to lymph and blood
vessels, which carry the cells to other areas of the body.l
METASTATIC MECHANISM
● LYMPH, BLOOD
○ Key mechanism by which cancer cells spread
● ANGIOGENESIS
○ A mechanism by which the tumor cells are ensures a blood supply
LYMPHATIC SPREAD
HEMATOGENOUS SPREAD
ANGIOGENESIS
CARCINOGENESIS
INITIATION
PROMOTION
PROGRESSION
ETIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
● Certain categories of agents or factors implicated in carcinogenesis include
virus and bacteria, physical agents, chemical agents, genetic or familial factors,
dietary factors and hormonal agents
VIRUSES AND BACTERIA
PHYSICAL AGENTS
CHEMICAL AGENTS
GENETIC AND FAMILIAL FACTORS
DIETARY FACTORS
DIETARY FACTORS
HORMONAL AGENTS
HORMONAL AGENTS
DETECTION AND
PREVENTION OF
CANCER
DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF
CANCER
PRIMARY PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION
SECONDARY PREVENTION
SECONDARY PREVENTION
TERTIARY PREVENTION
CANCER SCREENING
CANCER SCREENING
CANCER SCREENING
CANCER DIAGNOSIS
CANCER STAGING
CANCER STAGING
WHAT IS THE SYSTEM
GENERAL RULE OF THE TNM STAGING
DEFINITION OF TNM
DEFINITION OF TNM
DEFINITION OF TNM
SIGNIFICANCE OF STAGING
OTHER STAGING SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
SURGERY
DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY
DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY
SURGERY AS PRIMARY TREATMENT
RADIATION THERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY
ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Side effects and Nursing Care of Patient undergoing
Radiation therapy.
2. List at least 5 antineoplastic agents, MOA and common
side effects
